“Caffeine”. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014年10月16日閲覧。 “Experimental Melting Point: 234–236 °C Alfa Aesar 237 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data 238 °C LKT Labs [C0221] 237 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14937 238 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 17008, 17229, 22105, 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895 235.25 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895 236 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895 235 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 6603 234–236 °C Alfa Aesar A10431, 39214 Experimental Boiling Point: 178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar 178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar 39214”
“Caffeine augments the antidepressant-like activity of mianserin and agomelatine in forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice”. Pharmacological Reports68 (1): 56–61. (February 2016). doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.138. PMID26721352.
“Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects”. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews17 (2): 139–170. (1992). doi:10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-B. PMID1356551.
Silverman K, Evans SM, Strain EC, Griffiths RR (October 1992). “Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption”. N. Engl. J. Med.327 (16): 1109–14. doi:10.1056/NEJM199210153271601. PMID1528206.
“Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer?”. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease20 Suppl 1: S85-94. (2010). doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-091315. PMID20182035. "Caffeine does not usually affect performance in learning and memory tasks, although caffeine may occasionally have facilitatory or inhibitory effects on memory and learning. Caffeine facilitates learning in tasks in which information is presented passively; in tasks in which material is learned intentionally, caffeine has no effect. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving working memory to a limited extent, but hinders performance in tasks that heavily depend on this, and caffeine appears to improve memory performance under suboptimal alertness. Most studies, however, found improvements in reaction time. The ingestion of caffeine does not seem to affect long-term memory. ... Its indirect action on arousal, mood and concentration contributes in large part to its cognitive enhancing properties."
Turati, F.; Pelucchi, C.; Marzatico, F.; et al (2014). “Efficacy of cosmetic products in cellulite reduction: systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology28 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1111/jdv.12193. PMID23763635.
Castellanos, F. X.; Rapoport, J. L. (2002). “Effects of caffeine on development and behavior in infancy and childhood: A review of the published literature”. Food and Chemical Toxicology40 (9): 1235–1242. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00097-2.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (August 2010). “ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy”. Obstetrics and Gynecology116 (2 Pt 1): 467–8. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1. PMID20664420.
Mackay M, Tiplady B, Scholey AB (April 2002). “Interactions between alcohol and caffeine in relation to psychomotor speed and accuracy”. Human Psychopharmacology17 (3): 151–156. doi:10.1002/hup.371. PMID12404692.
“Caffeine”. DrugBank. University of Alberta (2013年9月16日). 2014年8月8日閲覧。
dsm5.org
American Psychiatric Association (2013年). “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders”. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 1–2. 2015年8月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年7月10日閲覧。 “Substance use disorder in DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe. ... Additionally, the diagnosis of dependence caused much confusion. Most people link dependence with "addiction" when in fact dependence can be a normal body response to a substance. ... DSM-5 will not include caffeine use disorder, although research shows that as little as two to three cups of coffee can trigger a withdrawal effect marked by tiredness or sleepiness. There is sufficient evidence to support this as a condition, however it is not yet clear to what extent it is a clinically significant disorder.”
Karch's pathology of drug abuse (4th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. (2009). pp. 229–230. ISBN978-0-8493-7881-2. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=G9E7gfJq0KkC&pg=PA229. "The suggestion has also been made that a caffeine dependence syndrome exists ... In one controlled study, dependence was diagnosed in 16 of 99 individuals who were evaluated. The median daily caffeine consumption of this group was only 357 mg per day (Strain et al., 1994). Since this observation was first published, caffeine addiction has been added as an official diagnosis in ICDM 9. This decision is disputed by many and is not supported by any convincing body of experimental evidence. ... All of these observations strongly suggest that caffeine does not act on the dopaminergic structures related to addiction, nor does it improve performance by alleviating any symptoms of withdrawal"
“Caffeine augments the antidepressant-like activity of mianserin and agomelatine in forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice”. Pharmacological Reports68 (1): 56–61. (February 2016). doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.138. PMID26721352.
“Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects”. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews17 (2): 139–170. (1992). doi:10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-B. PMID1356551.
Silverman K, Evans SM, Strain EC, Griffiths RR (October 1992). “Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption”. N. Engl. J. Med.327 (16): 1109–14. doi:10.1056/NEJM199210153271601. PMID1528206.
F. L. Greenway (2001-8). “The safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and herbal caffeine and ephedrine use as a weight loss agent”. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2 (3): 199–211. PMID12120105.
“Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer?”. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease20 Suppl 1: S85-94. (2010). doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-091315. PMID20182035. "Caffeine does not usually affect performance in learning and memory tasks, although caffeine may occasionally have facilitatory or inhibitory effects on memory and learning. Caffeine facilitates learning in tasks in which information is presented passively; in tasks in which material is learned intentionally, caffeine has no effect. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving working memory to a limited extent, but hinders performance in tasks that heavily depend on this, and caffeine appears to improve memory performance under suboptimal alertness. Most studies, however, found improvements in reaction time. The ingestion of caffeine does not seem to affect long-term memory. ... Its indirect action on arousal, mood and concentration contributes in large part to its cognitive enhancing properties."
Turati, F.; Pelucchi, C.; Marzatico, F.; et al (2014). “Efficacy of cosmetic products in cellulite reduction: systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology28 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1111/jdv.12193. PMID23763635.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (August 2010). “ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy”. Obstetrics and Gynecology116 (2 Pt 1): 467–8. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1. PMID20664420.
Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE (1999). “Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use”. Pharmacol. Rev.51 (1): 83–133. PMID10049999.
Mackay M, Tiplady B, Scholey AB (April 2002). “Interactions between alcohol and caffeine in relation to psychomotor speed and accuracy”. Human Psychopharmacology17 (3): 151–156. doi:10.1002/hup.371. PMID12404692.
American Psychiatric Association (2013年). “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders”. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 1–2. 2015年8月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年7月10日閲覧。 “Substance use disorder in DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe. ... Additionally, the diagnosis of dependence caused much confusion. Most people link dependence with "addiction" when in fact dependence can be a normal body response to a substance. ... DSM-5 will not include caffeine use disorder, although research shows that as little as two to three cups of coffee can trigger a withdrawal effect marked by tiredness or sleepiness. There is sufficient evidence to support this as a condition, however it is not yet clear to what extent it is a clinically significant disorder.”
