The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. http://www.bartleby.com/68/24/1224.html2008年12月4日閲覧. "Chauvinism is "fanatical, boastful, unreasoning patriotism" and by extension "prejudiced belief or unreasoning pride in any group to which you belong." Lately, though, the compounds "male chauvinism" and "male chauvinist" have gained so much popularity that some users may no longer recall the patriotic and other more generalized meanings of the words."
Arendt, Hannah (October 1945). “Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism”. The Review of Politics7 (4): 457. doi:10.1017/s0034670500001649.
Mansbridge, Jane; Katherine Flaster (2005). “Male Chauvinist, Feminist, Sexist, and Sexual Harassment: Different Trajectories in Feminist Linguistic Innovation”. American Speech80 (3): 261. doi:10.1215/00031283-80-3-256.
