Dufour, Darna L. (October 1990). “Use of Tropical Rainforests by Native Amazonians” (英語). BioScience40 (9): 652–659. doi:10.2307/1311432. ISSN0006-3568. JSTOR1311432. "Much of what has been considered natural forest in Amazonia is probably the result of hundreds of years of human use and management." Rival, Laura (1993). “The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest”. Man28 (4): 635–652. doi:10.2307/2803990. JSTOR2803990.
Mao, J.-D.; Johnson, R. L.; Lehmann, J.; Olk, J.; Neeves, E. G.; Thompson, M. L.; Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2012). “Abundant and stable char residues in soils: implications for soil fertility and carbon sequestration” (英語). Environmental Science and Technology46 (17): 9571–9576. Bibcode: 2012EnST...46.9571M. doi:10.1021/es301107c. PMID22834642. "Terra Preta soils consist predominantly of char residues composed of ~6 fused aromatic rings"
Kleiner, Kurt (2009). The bright prospect of biochar : article : Nature Reports Climate Change. 1. pp. 72–74. doi:10.1038/climate.2009.48.
Glaser, Bruno; Haumaier, Ludwig; Guggenberger, Georg; Zech, Wolfgang (January 2001). “The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics” (英語). Naturwissenschaften88 (1): 37–41. Bibcode: 2001NW.....88...37G. doi:10.1007/s001140000193. ISSN0028-1042. PMID11302125. Cited in MAJOR, JULIE; STEINER, CHRISTOPH; DITOMMASO, ANTONIO; FALCAO, NEWTON P.S.; LEHMANN, JOHANNES (June 2005). “Weed composition and cover after three years of soil fertility management in the central Brazilian Amazon: Compost, fertilizer, manure and charcoal applications” (英語). Weed Biology and Management5 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00159.x. ISSN1444-6162.
Hedges, J.I; Eglinton, G; Hatcher, P.G; Kirchman, D.L; Arnosti, C; Derenne, S; Evershed, R.P; Kögel-Knabner, I et al. (October 2000). “The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments”. Organic Geochemistry31 (10): 945–958. Bibcode: 2000OrGeo..31..945H. doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00096-6. ISSN0146-6380.
Stoffyn-Egli, P.; Potter, T.M.; Leonard, J.D.; Pocklington, R. (May 1997). “The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results”. Science of the Total Environment198 (3): 211–223. Bibcode: 1997ScTEn.198..211S. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05464-8. ISSN0048-9697. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Kim, Sunghwan; Kaplan, Louis A.; Benner, Ronald; Hatcher, Patrick G. (December 2004). “Hydrogen-deficient molecules in natural riverine water samples—evidence for the existence of black carbon in DOM”. Marine Chemistry92 (1–4): 225–234. Bibcode: 2004MarCh..92..225K. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.042. ISSN0304-4203. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Lehmann, Johannes; Liang, Biqing; Solomon, Dawit; Lerotic, Mirna; Luizão, Flavio; Kinyangi, James; Schäfer, Thorsten; Wirick, Sue et al. (2005-02-16). “Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles” (英語). Global Biogeochemical Cycles19 (1): GB1013. Bibcode: 2005GBioC..19.1013L. doi:10.1029/2004gb002435. ISSN0886-6236.
Pietikainen, Janna; Kiikkila, Oili; Fritze, Hannu (May 2000). “Charcoal as a habitat for microbes and its effect on the microbial community of the underlying humus” (英語). Oikos89 (2): 231–242. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890203.x. ISSN0030-1299. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Rahman, M. Mizanur (2013-05-15). “Nutrient-Use and Carbon-Sequestration Efficiencies in Soils from Different Organic Wastes in Rice and Tomato Cultivation” (英語). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis44 (9): 1457–1471. doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.760575. ISSN0010-3624.
Cunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira; Madari, Beata Emoke; Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto; Ribeiro, Lucedino Paixão; Benites, Vinicius de Melo; Santos, Gabriel de Araújo (February 2009). “Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin”. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo33 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1590/S0100-06832009000100009. ISSN0100-0683.
Glaser, Bruno; Haumaier, Ludwig; Guggenberger, Georg; Zech, Wolfgang (January 2001). “The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics” (英語). Naturwissenschaften88 (1): 37–41. Bibcode: 2001NW.....88...37G. doi:10.1007/s001140000193. ISSN0028-1042. PMID11302125. Cited in MAJOR, JULIE; STEINER, CHRISTOPH; DITOMMASO, ANTONIO; FALCAO, NEWTON P.S.; LEHMANN, JOHANNES (June 2005). “Weed composition and cover after three years of soil fertility management in the central Brazilian Amazon: Compost, fertilizer, manure and charcoal applications” (英語). Weed Biology and Management5 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00159.x. ISSN1444-6162.
Hedges, J.I; Eglinton, G; Hatcher, P.G; Kirchman, D.L; Arnosti, C; Derenne, S; Evershed, R.P; Kögel-Knabner, I et al. (October 2000). “The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments”. Organic Geochemistry31 (10): 945–958. Bibcode: 2000OrGeo..31..945H. doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00096-6. ISSN0146-6380.
Stoffyn-Egli, P.; Potter, T.M.; Leonard, J.D.; Pocklington, R. (May 1997). “The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results”. Science of the Total Environment198 (3): 211–223. Bibcode: 1997ScTEn.198..211S. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05464-8. ISSN0048-9697. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Kim, Sunghwan; Kaplan, Louis A.; Benner, Ronald; Hatcher, Patrick G. (December 2004). “Hydrogen-deficient molecules in natural riverine water samples—evidence for the existence of black carbon in DOM”. Marine Chemistry92 (1–4): 225–234. Bibcode: 2004MarCh..92..225K. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.042. ISSN0304-4203. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Lehmann, Johannes; Liang, Biqing; Solomon, Dawit; Lerotic, Mirna; Luizão, Flavio; Kinyangi, James; Schäfer, Thorsten; Wirick, Sue et al. (2005-02-16). “Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles” (英語). Global Biogeochemical Cycles19 (1): GB1013. Bibcode: 2005GBioC..19.1013L. doi:10.1029/2004gb002435. ISSN0886-6236.
Dufour, Darna L. (October 1990). “Use of Tropical Rainforests by Native Amazonians” (英語). BioScience40 (9): 652–659. doi:10.2307/1311432. ISSN0006-3568. JSTOR1311432. "Much of what has been considered natural forest in Amazonia is probably the result of hundreds of years of human use and management." Rival, Laura (1993). “The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest”. Man28 (4): 635–652. doi:10.2307/2803990. JSTOR2803990.
Woods, William I.; McCann, Joseph M. (1999). “The Anthropogenic Origin and Persistence of Amazonian Dark Earths”. Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers25: 7–14. JSTOR25765871. Cited in Marris 2006
Glaser, Bruno; Haumaier, Ludwig; Guggenberger, Georg; Zech, Wolfgang (January 2001). “The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics” (英語). Naturwissenschaften88 (1): 37–41. Bibcode: 2001NW.....88...37G. doi:10.1007/s001140000193. ISSN0028-1042. PMID11302125. Cited in MAJOR, JULIE; STEINER, CHRISTOPH; DITOMMASO, ANTONIO; FALCAO, NEWTON P.S.; LEHMANN, JOHANNES (June 2005). “Weed composition and cover after three years of soil fertility management in the central Brazilian Amazon: Compost, fertilizer, manure and charcoal applications” (英語). Weed Biology and Management5 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00159.x. ISSN1444-6162.
Dufour, Darna L. (October 1990). “Use of Tropical Rainforests by Native Amazonians” (英語). BioScience40 (9): 652–659. doi:10.2307/1311432. ISSN0006-3568. JSTOR1311432. "Much of what has been considered natural forest in Amazonia is probably the result of hundreds of years of human use and management." Rival, Laura (1993). “The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest”. Man28 (4): 635–652. doi:10.2307/2803990. JSTOR2803990.
Glaser, Bruno; Haumaier, Ludwig; Guggenberger, Georg; Zech, Wolfgang (January 2001). “The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics” (英語). Naturwissenschaften88 (1): 37–41. Bibcode: 2001NW.....88...37G. doi:10.1007/s001140000193. ISSN0028-1042. PMID11302125. Cited in MAJOR, JULIE; STEINER, CHRISTOPH; DITOMMASO, ANTONIO; FALCAO, NEWTON P.S.; LEHMANN, JOHANNES (June 2005). “Weed composition and cover after three years of soil fertility management in the central Brazilian Amazon: Compost, fertilizer, manure and charcoal applications” (英語). Weed Biology and Management5 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00159.x. ISSN1444-6162.
Hedges, J.I; Eglinton, G; Hatcher, P.G; Kirchman, D.L; Arnosti, C; Derenne, S; Evershed, R.P; Kögel-Knabner, I et al. (October 2000). “The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments”. Organic Geochemistry31 (10): 945–958. Bibcode: 2000OrGeo..31..945H. doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00096-6. ISSN0146-6380.
Stoffyn-Egli, P.; Potter, T.M.; Leonard, J.D.; Pocklington, R. (May 1997). “The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results”. Science of the Total Environment198 (3): 211–223. Bibcode: 1997ScTEn.198..211S. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05464-8. ISSN0048-9697. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Kim, Sunghwan; Kaplan, Louis A.; Benner, Ronald; Hatcher, Patrick G. (December 2004). “Hydrogen-deficient molecules in natural riverine water samples—evidence for the existence of black carbon in DOM”. Marine Chemistry92 (1–4): 225–234. Bibcode: 2004MarCh..92..225K. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.042. ISSN0304-4203. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Lehmann, Johannes; Liang, Biqing; Solomon, Dawit; Lerotic, Mirna; Luizão, Flavio; Kinyangi, James; Schäfer, Thorsten; Wirick, Sue et al. (2005-02-16). “Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles” (英語). Global Biogeochemical Cycles19 (1): GB1013. Bibcode: 2005GBioC..19.1013L. doi:10.1029/2004gb002435. ISSN0886-6236.
Pietikainen, Janna; Kiikkila, Oili; Fritze, Hannu (May 2000). “Charcoal as a habitat for microbes and its effect on the microbial community of the underlying humus” (英語). Oikos89 (2): 231–242. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890203.x. ISSN0030-1299. Cited in Glaser 2007.
Rahman, M. Mizanur (2013-05-15). “Nutrient-Use and Carbon-Sequestration Efficiencies in Soils from Different Organic Wastes in Rice and Tomato Cultivation” (英語). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis44 (9): 1457–1471. doi:10.1080/00103624.2012.760575. ISSN0010-3624.
Cunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira; Madari, Beata Emoke; Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto; Ribeiro, Lucedino Paixão; Benites, Vinicius de Melo; Santos, Gabriel de Araújo (February 2009). “Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin”. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo33 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1590/S0100-06832009000100009. ISSN0100-0683.