Warwick, K.; Gasson, M.; Hutt, B.; Goodhew, I.; Kyberd, P.; Andrews, B.; Teddy, P.; Shad, A. (2003). “The Application of Implant Technology for Cybernetic Systems”. Archives of Neurology60 (10): 1369–73. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369. PMID14568806.
Goldblatt, Michael (2002). “DARPA's programs in enhancing human performance”. In Roco, Mihail C.; Bainbridge, William Sims. Managing Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno Innovations: Converging Technologies in Society (1 ed.). Arlington, VA: Springer. pp. 339–340. ISBN978-1-4020-4106-8; cited in McIntosh, Daniel (December 2008). “Human, Transhuman, Posthuman: Implications of Evolution-by-design for Human Security”. Journal of Human Security4 (3): 4–20. doi:10.3316/JHS0403004. ISSN1835-3800.
Abrams, Jerold J. (2004). “Pragmatism, Artificial Intelligence, and Posthuman Bioethics: Shusterman, Rorty, Foucault”. Human Studies27 (3): 241–258. doi:10.1023/B:HUMA.0000042130.79208.c6. JSTOR20010374.
Sandberg, Anders; Boström, Nick (2008). Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap. Technical Report #2008‐3. Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University. http://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/Reports/2008-3.pdf2009年4月5日閲覧. "The basic idea is to take a particular brain, scan its structure in detail, and construct a software model of it that is so faithful to the original that, when run on appropriate hardware, it will behave in essentially the same way as the original brain."
Hughes, James (2004). Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future. Westview Press. ISBN978-0-8133-4198-9. OCLC56632213
Buchanan, Allen; Brock, Dan W.; Daniels, Norman; Wikler, Daniel (2000). From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-66977-1. OCLC41211380
Goldblatt, Michael (2002). “DARPA's programs in enhancing human performance”. In Roco, Mihail C.; Bainbridge, William Sims. Managing Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno Innovations: Converging Technologies in Society (1 ed.). Arlington, VA: Springer. pp. 339–340. ISBN978-1-4020-4106-8; cited in McIntosh, Daniel (December 2008). “Human, Transhuman, Posthuman: Implications of Evolution-by-design for Human Security”. Journal of Human Security4 (3): 4–20. doi:10.3316/JHS0403004. ISSN1835-3800.