Lee Grieveson, Peter Krämer. The silent cinema reader (2004) ISBN 0-415-25283-0, ISBN 0-415-25284-9, Tom Gunning "The Cinema of Attractions" p.46. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
Richard Abel. Silent film (1996) ISBN 0-485-30076-1, Tom Gunning '"Now You See It, Now You Don't": The Temporality of the Cinema of Attractions' p.78. Retrieved 5 January 2011.