バイオ炭 (Japanese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "バイオ炭" in Japanese language version.

Last modified: 02:30:28, 14 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank Japanese rank

8279doi.org

2^nd place

3^rd place

4846worldcat.org

4^th place

12^th place

4742web.archive.org

1^st place

3731nih.gov

5^th place

11^th place

1412adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

60^th place

1010sciencedirect.com

137^th place

403^rd place

55hdl.handle.net

66^th place

71^st place

44acs.org

865^th place

1,610^th place

32biochar-international.org

low place

22wiley.com

150^th place

393^rd place

22landcareaustralia.org.au

low place

22youtube.com

13^th place

8^th place

21independent.co.uk

46^th place

241^st place

21csiro.au

3,457^th place

7,008^th place

21abc.net.au

120^th place

795^th place

22ed.ac.uk

1,867^th place

3,818^th place

11oed.com

743^rd place

2,266^th place

11oxforddnb.com

179^th place

617^th place

11wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org

524^th place

low place

11biochar.org

low place

11royalsociety.org

1,939^th place

1,496^th place

11science.org

1,007^th place

1,846^th place

11cornell.edu

308^th place

896^th place

11diva-portal.org

2,734^th place

low place

11thestar.com

395^th place

1,756^th place

11imarcgroup.com

low place

11nature.com

207^th place

332^nd place

11wsj.com

94^th place

231^st place

11needfire.info

low place

11usda.gov

512^th place

1,416^th place

11figshare.com

3,822^nd place

low place

11bbc.com

26^th place

77^th place

11env.go.jp

2,274^th place

189^th place

11cropj.com

low place

11fao.org

428^th place

1,004^th place

11kcrw.com

9,303^rd place

low place

11allpowerlabs.com

low place

11worldbank.org

280^th place

858^th place

11docs.google.com

877^th place

2,998^th place

11jswconline.org

low place

11frontiersin.org

3,332^nd place

3,338^th place

11theguardian.com

16^th place

81^st place

11nii.ac.jp

195^th place

15^th place

11proquest.com

121^st place

1,935^th place

11renewableenergyworld.com

low place

11citylab.com

low place

11biomassmagazine.com

low place

11webofscience.com

low place

11cnn.com

36^th place

162^nd place

11uga.edu

3,057^th place

7,294^th place

11sites.google.com

658^th place

642^nd place

11slu.se

5,140^th place

low place

11bloomberg.org

low place

11ncat.org

low place

11wri.org

9,889^th place

low place

11dasnamibia.org

low place

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; Japanese: 795^th place)

Daly, Jon「Poo-eating beetles and charcoal used by WA farmer to combat climate change」『ABC News』Australian Broadcasting Corporation、2019年10月18日。オリジナルの2019年10月18日時点におけるアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。「パウ氏は彼の革新的な農業システムが、畜産業者がより収益性を向上させつつ、気候変動の影響に対処するのに役立つ可能性があると述べた。」

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Japanese: 1,610^th place)

pubs.acs.org

Weldekidan, Haftom; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri (2022-11-16). “Upcycling of Plastic Wastes and Biomass for Sustainable Graphitic Carbon Production: A Critical Review” (英語). ACS Environmental Au 2 (6): 510–522. doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029. ISSN 2694-2518. PMC 9673229. PMID 36411867.
Gale, Mark; Nguyen, Peter M.; Gilliard-AbdulAziz, Kandis Leslie (2023-01-10). “Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Co-Pyrolysis of Plastics and Corn Stover to Produce Char and Activated Carbon” (英語). ACS Omega 8 (1): 380–390. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c04815. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 9835080. PMID 36643465.
Luo, Jiewen; Wang, Qian; Lin, Litao; Zhang, Shicheng; Zhu, Xiangdong (2021-03-29). “Waste Plastics Complement Biochar: Innovative Approach in Curbing Toxicants (KCN/NaCN) in N-Containing Biochar” (英語). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (12): 4617–4624. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00226. ISSN 2168-0485.
Mochidzuki, Kazuhiro; Soutric, Florence; Tadokoro, Katsuaki; Antal, Michael Jerry; Tóth, Mária; Zelei, Borbála; Várhegyi, Gábor (2003). “Electrical and Physical Properties of Carbonized Charcoals”. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42 (21): 5140–5151. doi:10.1021/ie030358e. "(observed five) orders of magnitude decrease in the electrical resistivity of charcoal with increasing HTT from 650 to 1050°C"

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Japanese: 60^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dominic Woolf; James E. Amonette; F. Alayne Street-Perrott; Johannes Lehmann; Stephen Joseph (August 2010). “Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change”. Nature Communications 1 (5): 56. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...56W. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 2964457. PMID 20975722.
Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Thies, Janice; Schäfer, Thorsten; Liang, Biqing; Kinyangi, James; Neves, Eduardo; Petersen, James et al. (May 2007). “Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic C in Amazonian Dark Earths”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (9): 2285–2298. Bibcode:2007GeCoA..71.2285S. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.014. ISSN 0016-7037. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧. "アマゾン黒色土（テラプレータ）は、おそらく紀元前500年から9000年の間に発展した独自の土壌であり、バイオマスの燃焼や前コロンブス期のアメリンディアンの集落での高強度の栄養物の堆積など人為的な活動によって、ブラジルのアマゾン盆地全体で元の土壌が改良されたアントロソールである。"
Lehmann, Johannes; Cowie, Annette; Masiello, Caroline A.; Kammann, Claudia; Woolf, Dominic; Amonette, James E.; Cayuela, Maria L.; Camps-Arbestain, Marta et al. (December 2021). “Biochar in climate change mitigation” (英語). Nature Geoscience 14 (12): 883–892. Bibcode:2021NatGe..14..883L. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8. ISSN 1752-0908.
Abit, S.M.; Bolster, C.H.; Cai, P.; Walker, S.L. (2012). “Influence of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature of biochar amendments on transport of Escherichia coli in saturated and unsaturated soil”. Environmental Science & Technology 46 (15): 8097–8105. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.8097A. doi:10.1021/es300797z. PMID 22738035.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Khanukov, J.; Oka, Y. (July 2011). “Sorption, Volatilization, and Efficacy of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a Biochar-Amended Soil”. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 (4): 1365–1373. Bibcode:2011SSASJ..75.1365G. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0435. ISSN 0361-5995.
Silber, A.; Levkovitch, I.; Graber, E. R. (2010). “pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of corn straw biochar: Agronomic implications”. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (24): 9318-9323. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.9318S. doi:10.1021/es101283d. PMID 21090742.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Koh, Hui Jun (2018-04-01). “Application of biochar from food and wood waste as green admixture for cement mortar” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 619-620: 419–435. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.619..419G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29156263.
Campos, J.; Fajilan, S.; Lualhati, J.; Mandap, N.; Clemente, S. (2020-06-01). “Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar as a Partial Replacement to Portland Cement”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 479 (1): 012025. Bibcode:2020E&ES..479a2025C. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012025. ISSN 1755-1307.
Rollinson, Andrew N (1 August 2016). “Gasification reactor engineering approach to understanding the formation of biochar properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society 472 (2192). Bibcode:2016RSPSA.47250841R. doi:10.1098/rspa.2015.0841. PMC 5014096. PMID 27616911. "Figure 1. 図：バイオマスガス化プロセスで使用されるダウンドラフトガス化炉反応装置の概要。エネルギー伝達メカニズムと熱的な層の表示。多くの著者は、熱分解中の最高処理温度（HTT）を、バイオ炭生成物の特性を定義する重要なパラメータとしている。"
Kerré, Bart; Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Smolders, Erik (2016-03-15). “Partitioning of carbon sources among functional pools to investigate short-term priming effects of biochar in soil: A 13C study” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 547: 30–38. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.547...30K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 26780129. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Kopittke, Peter M.; Horemans, Benjamin; Smolders, Erik (2016-04-26). “Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study” (英語). Scientific Reports 6 (1): 25127. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625127H. doi:10.1038/srep25127. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4844975. PMID 27113269.
Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ahrens, Lutz; Gros, Meritxell; Wiberg, Karin; Pell, Mikael (2018-01-15). “Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 612: 192–201. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.612..192D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.178. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28850838. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年9月28日閲覧。.

allpowerlabs.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“We Won - All Power Labs”. All Power Labs (2018年12月8日). 2022年10月30日閲覧。

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; Japanese: 77^th place)

Cusack, Mikki (2020年2月7日). “Can charcoal make beef better for the environment?” (英語). www.bbc.com. 2020年2月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年11月22日閲覧。

biochar-international.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Standardized production definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil” (2015年). 2019年2月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年11月23日閲覧。
Winsley, Peter (2007). “Biochar and Bioenergy Production for Climate Change Mitigation”. New Zealand Science Review 64 (5): 5. オリジナルの4 October 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年7月10日閲覧。.

biochar.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Slash and Char”. 2014年7月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年9月19日閲覧。

biomassmagazine.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

Austin, Anna (October 2009). “A New Climate Change Mitigation Tool”. Biomass Magazine. BBI International. 2010年1月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2009年10月30日閲覧.

bloomberg.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Biochar-ging Ahead to Engage Citizens in Combating Climate Change”. Bloomberg Philanthropies. Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC. 2023年9月29日閲覧。

citylab.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

O'Sullivan, Feargus (20 December 2016). “Stockholm's Ingenious Plan to Recycle Yard Waste”. Citylab. 2018年3月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2018年3月15日閲覧.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Japanese: 162^nd place)

edition.cnn.com

“Can Biochar save the planet?”. CNN. 2009年4月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2009年3月10日閲覧.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Japanese: 896^th place)

css.cornell.edu

Lehmann, Johannes. “Terra Preta de Indio”. Soil Biochemistry (Internal Citations Omitted). オリジナルの24 April 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。 2009年9月15日閲覧。. バイオチャー濃縮土壌は周囲の土壌と比較して炭素をより多く含んでいる（150g炭素/kgに対して周囲土壌では20-30g炭素/kg）。

cropj.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

Menezes, Bruna Rafaela da Silva; Daher, Rogério Figueiredo; Gravina, Geraldo de Amaral; Pereira, Antônio Vander; Pereira, Messias Gonzaga; Tardin, Flávio Dessaune (2016-09-20). “Combining ability in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) for energy biomass production”. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10 (9): 1297–1305. doi:10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.09.p7747. オリジナルの2 June 2018時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年5月3日閲覧。.

csiro.au (Global: 3,457^th place; Japanese: 7,008^th place)

“Biochar fact sheet”. csiro.au. 2013年10月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年1月15日閲覧。

dasnamibia.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

De-bushing Advisory Service Namibia (2020年9月23日). “Kick-start for Biochar Value Chain: Practical Guidelines for Producers Now Published”. De-bushing Advisory Service. 2020年10月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年9月24日閲覧。

diva-portal.org (Global: 2,734^th place; Japanese: low place)

kth.diva-portal.org

Möllersten, K.; Chladna, Z.; Chladny, M.; Obersteiner, M. (2006), Warnmer, S. F., ed., “Negative emission biomass technologies in an uncertain climate future”, Progress in biomass and bioenergy research (NY: Nova Science Publishers), ISBN 978-1-60021-328-1 2023年11月23日閲覧。

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; Japanese: 2,998^th place)

“Top-Down Burn with Maize Stalks - Trials in Malawi.docx” (英語). Google Docs. 2022年12月17日閲覧。

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Japanese: 3^rd place)

doi.org

Khedulkar, Akhil Pradiprao; Dang, Van Dien; Thamilselvan, Annadurai; Doong, Ruey-an; Pandit, Bidhan (2024-01-30). “Sustainable high-energy supercapacitors: Metal oxide-agricultural waste biochar composites paving the way for a greener future”. Journal of Energy Storage 77: 109723. doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109723. ISSN 2352-152X.
Schmidt, Hans‐Peter; Anca‐Couce, Andrés; Hagemann, Nikolas; Werner, Constanze; Gerten, Dieter; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kammann, Claudia (April 2019). “Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 11 (4): 573–591. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12553. ISSN 1757-1693.
Yousaf, Balal; Liu, Guijian; Wang, Ruwei; Abbas, Qumber; Imtiaz, Muhammad; Liu, Ruijia (2016). “Investigating the biochar effects on C-mineralization and sequestration of carbon in soil compared with conventional amendments using stable isotope (δ13C) approach”. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 9 (6): 1085–1099. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12401.
Dominic Woolf; James E. Amonette; F. Alayne Street-Perrott; Johannes Lehmann; Stephen Joseph (August 2010). “Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change”. Nature Communications 1 (5): 56. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...56W. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 2964457. PMID 20975722.
Schmidt, Morgan J.; Goldberg, Samuel L.; Heckenberger, Michael; Fausto, Carlos; Franchetto, Bruna; Watling, Jennifer; Lima, Helena; Moraes, Bruno et al. (2023-09-22). “Intentional creation of carbon-rich dark earth soils in the Amazon” (英語). Science Advances 9 (38). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh8499. ISSN 2375-2548.
Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Thies, Janice; Schäfer, Thorsten; Liang, Biqing; Kinyangi, James; Neves, Eduardo; Petersen, James et al. (May 2007). “Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic C in Amazonian Dark Earths”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (9): 2285–2298. Bibcode:2007GeCoA..71.2285S. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.014. ISSN 0016-7037. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧. "アマゾン黒色土（テラプレータ）は、おそらく紀元前500年から9000年の間に発展した独自の土壌であり、バイオマスの燃焼や前コロンブス期のアメリンディアンの集落での高強度の栄養物の堆積など人為的な活動によって、ブラジルのアマゾン盆地全体で元の土壌が改良されたアントロソールである。"
Kern, DC; de LP Ruivo, M; Frazão, FJL (2009), “Terra Preta Nova: The Dream of Wim Sombroek”, Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 339–349, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9031-8_18, ISBN 978-1-4020-9030-1, オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。
Ogawa, Makoto; Okimori, Yasuyuki; Takahashi, Fumio (2006-03-01). “Carbon Sequestration by Carbonization of Biomass and Forestation: Three Case Studies” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 429–444. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9007-4. ISSN 1573-1596.
Lehmann, Johannes; Gaunt, John; Rondon, Marco (2006-03-01). “Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems – A Review” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 403–427. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5. ISSN 1573-1596.
Allohverdi, Tara; Kumar Mohanty, Amar; Roy, Poritosh; Misra, Manjusri (14 September 2021). “A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture”. Molecules 26 (18): 5584. doi:10.3390/molecules26185584. PMC 8470807. PMID 34577054.
Sundberg, Cecilia; Karltun, Erik; Gitau, James K.; Kätterer, Thomas; Kimutai, Geoffrey M.; Mahmoud, Yahia; Njenga, Mary; Nyberg, Gert et al. (2020-08-01). “Biochar from cookstoves reduces greenhouse gas emissions from smallholder farms in Africa” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 25 (6): 953–967. doi:10.1007/s11027-020-09920-7. ISSN 1573-1596.
Lehmann, Johannes; Cowie, Annette; Masiello, Caroline A.; Kammann, Claudia; Woolf, Dominic; Amonette, James E.; Cayuela, Maria L.; Camps-Arbestain, Marta et al. (December 2021). “Biochar in climate change mitigation” (英語). Nature Geoscience 14 (12): 883–892. Bibcode:2021NatGe..14..883L. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8. ISSN 1752-0908.
Fawzy, Samer; Osman, Ahmed I.; Yang, Haiping; Doran, John; Rooney, David W. (2021-08-01). “Industrial biochar systems for atmospheric carbon removal: a review” (英語). Environmental Chemistry Letters 19 (4): 3023–3055. doi:10.1007/s10311-021-01210-1. ISSN 1610-3661.
Vijay, Vandit; Shreedhar, Sowmya; Adlak, Komalkant; Payyanad, Sachin; Sreedharan, Vandana; Gopi, Girigan; Sophia van der Voort, Tessa; Malarvizhi, P et al. (2021). “Review of Large-Scale Biochar Field-Trials for Soil Amendment and the Observed Influences on Crop Yield Variations”. Frontiers in Energy Research 9: 499. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.710766. ISSN 2296-598X.
Bolster, C.H.; Abit, S.M. (2012). “Biochar pyrolyzed at two temperatures affects Escherichia coli transport through a sandy soil”. Journal of Environmental Quality 41 (1): 124–133. doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0207. PMID 22218181.
Abit, S.M.; Bolster, C.H.; Cai, P.; Walker, S.L. (2012). “Influence of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature of biochar amendments on transport of Escherichia coli in saturated and unsaturated soil”. Environmental Science & Technology 46 (15): 8097–8105. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.8097A. doi:10.1021/es300797z. PMID 22738035.
Abit, S.M.; Bolster, C.H.; Cantrell, K.B.; Flores, J.Q.; Walker, S.L. (2014). “Transport of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and microspheres in biochar-amended soils with different textures”. Journal of Environmental Quality 43 (1): 371–378. doi:10.2134/jeq2013.06.0236. PMID 25602571.
Lehmann, Johannes; Pereira da Silva, Jose; Steiner, Christoph; Nehls, Thomas; Zech, Wolfgang; Glaser, Bruno (2003-02-01). “Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments” (英語). Plant and Soil 249 (2): 343–357. doi:10.1023/A:1022833116184. ISSN 1573-5036. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Tenic, E.; Ghogare, R.; Dhingra, A. (2020). “Biochar—A Panacea for Agriculture or Just Carbon?”. Horticulturae 6 (3): 37. doi:10.3390/horticulturae6030037.
Joseph, Stephen; Cowie, Annette L.; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Bolan, Nanthi; Budai, Alice; Buss, Wolfram; Cayuela, Maria Luz; Graber, Ellen R. et al. (2021). “How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 13 (11): 1731–1764. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12885. hdl:1885/294216. ISSN 1757-1707.
“06/00595 Economical CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 92. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80597-7. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Joseph, S; Graber, ER; Chia, C; Munroe, P; Donne, S; Thomas, T; Nielsen, S; Marjo, C et al. (June 2013). “Shifting paradigms: development of high-efficiency biochar fertilizers based on nano-structures and soluble components”. Carbon Management 4 (3): 323–343. doi:10.4155/cmt.13.23. ISSN 1758-3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.23.
Major, Julie; Rondon, Marco; Molina, Diego; Riha, Susan J.; Lehmann, Johannes (July 2012). “Nutrient Leaching in a Colombian Savanna Oxisol Amended with Biochar”. Journal of Environmental Quality 41 (4): 1076–1086. doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0128. ISSN 0047-2425. PMID 22751049.
Ricigliano, Kristin (2011). “Terra Pretas: Charcoal Amendments Influence on Relict Soils and Modern Agriculture”. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 40 (1): 69–72. doi:10.4195/jnrlse.2011.0001se. ISSN 1059-9053. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Gerstl, Z.; Lew, B. (2011-10-15). “High surface area biochar negatively impacts herbicide efficacy”. Plant and Soil 353 (1–2): 95–106. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1012-7. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Khanukov, J.; Oka, Y. (July 2011). “Sorption, Volatilization, and Efficacy of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a Biochar-Amended Soil”. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 (4): 1365–1373. Bibcode:2011SSASJ..75.1365G. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0435. ISSN 0361-5995.
Elad, Y.; Rav David, D.; Meller Harel, Y.; Borenshtein, M.; Kalifa Hananel, B.; Silber, A.; Graber, E.R. (2010). “Induction of systemic resistance in plants by biochar, a soil-applied carbon sequestering agent”. Phytopathology 100 (9): 913–921. doi:10.1094/phyto-100-9-0913. PMID 20701489.
Meller Harel, Yael; Elad, Yigal; Rav-David, Dalia; Borenstein, Menachem; Shulchani, Ran; Lew, Beni; Graber, Ellen R. (2012-02-25). “Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens”. Plant and Soil 357 (1–2): 245–257. doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1129-3. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Jaiswal, A.K.; Elad, Y.; Graber, E.R.; Frenkel, O. (2014). “Rhizoctonia solani suppression and plant growth promotion in cucumber as affected by biochar pyrolysis temperature, feedstock and concentration”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 69: 110–118. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.10.051.
Silber, A.; Levkovitch, I.; Graber, E. R. (2010). “pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of corn straw biochar: Agronomic implications”. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (24): 9318-9323. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.9318S. doi:10.1021/es101283d. PMID 21090742.
Lehmann, Johannes; Gaunt, John; Rondon, Marco (March 2006). “Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems ? A Review”. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 403-427. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5. ISSN 1381-2386. "supra note 11 at 407 「地上の木質バイオマスを簡単な窯でバイオチャーに変換し土壌に適用されれば、炭素の50%以上が非常に安定した形で封じ込められるであろう。」"
Schmidt, H. P.; Hagemann, N.; Draper, K.; Kammann, C. (2019). “The use of biochar in animal feeding”. PeerJ 7: e7373. doi:10.7717/peerj.7373. PMC 6679646. PMID 31396445. "19世紀から20世紀初頭のアメリカでは、木炭は乳脂肪含有量を増加させるための優れた飼料添加剤と見なされていた。"
Schmidt, Hans-Peter; Hagemann, Nikolas; Draper, Kathleen; Kammann, Claudia (2019-07-31). “The use of biochar in animal feeding”. PeerJ 7: e7373. doi:10.7717/peerj.7373. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6679646. PMID 31396445.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Koh, Hui Jun (2018-04-01). “Application of biochar from food and wood waste as green admixture for cement mortar” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 619-620: 419–435. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.619..419G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29156263.
Suarez-Riera, D.; Restuccia, L.; Ferro, G. A. (2020-01-01). “The use of Biochar to reduce the carbon footprint of cement-based materials” (英語). Procedia Structural Integrity. 1st Mediterranean Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity, MedFract1 26: 199–210. doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2020.06.023. ISSN 2452-3216.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Pang, Sze Dai (2020-02-20). “Effect of biochar on mechanical and permeability properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature” (英語). Construction and Building Materials 234: 117338. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117338. ISSN 0950-0618.
Campos, J.; Fajilan, S.; Lualhati, J.; Mandap, N.; Clemente, S. (2020-06-01). “Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar as a Partial Replacement to Portland Cement”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 479 (1): 012025. Bibcode:2020E&ES..479a2025C. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012025. ISSN 1755-1307.
Cueva Zepeda, Lolita; Griffin, Gregory; Shah, Kalpit; Al-Waili, Ibrahim; Parthasarathy, Rajarathinam (2023-05-01). “Energy potential, flow characteristics and stability of water and alcohol-based rice-straw biochar slurry fuel”. Renewable Energy 207: 60–72. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.104. ISSN 0960-1481.
Liu, Pengfei; Zhu, Mingming; Zhang, Zhezi; Leong, Yee-Kwong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Dongke (2017-02-01). “Rheological behaviour and stability characteristics of biochar-water slurry fuels: Effect of biochar particle size and size distribution”. Fuel Processing Technology 156: 27–32. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.09.030. ISSN 0378-3820.
Weldekidan, Haftom; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri (2022-11-16). “Upcycling of Plastic Wastes and Biomass for Sustainable Graphitic Carbon Production: A Critical Review” (英語). ACS Environmental Au 2 (6): 510–522. doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029. ISSN 2694-2518. PMC 9673229. PMID 36411867.
Gale, Mark; Nguyen, Peter M.; Gilliard-AbdulAziz, Kandis Leslie (2023-01-10). “Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Co-Pyrolysis of Plastics and Corn Stover to Produce Char and Activated Carbon” (英語). ACS Omega 8 (1): 380–390. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c04815. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 9835080. PMID 36643465.
Luo, Jiewen; Wang, Qian; Lin, Litao; Zhang, Shicheng; Zhu, Xiangdong (2021-03-29). “Waste Plastics Complement Biochar: Innovative Approach in Curbing Toxicants (KCN/NaCN) in N-Containing Biochar” (英語). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (12): 4617–4624. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00226. ISSN 2168-0485.
Menezes, Bruna Rafaela da Silva; Daher, Rogério Figueiredo; Gravina, Geraldo de Amaral; Pereira, Antônio Vander; Pereira, Messias Gonzaga; Tardin, Flávio Dessaune (2016-09-20). “Combining ability in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) for energy biomass production”. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10 (9): 1297–1305. doi:10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.09.p7747. オリジナルの2 June 2018時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年5月3日閲覧。.
“06/00891 Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in Sri Lanka”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 131. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80893-3. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。. 「多くの植物に対するRPR（残渣対生成物比率）を示し、エネルギーおよび炭の製造のために利用可能な農業廃棄物に対するアセスメントを説明している。」
Bora, Raaj R.; Tao, Yanqiu; Lehmann, Johannes; Tester, Jefferson W.; Richardson, Ruth E.; You, Fengqi (2020-04-13). “Techno-Economic Feasibility and Spatial Analysis of Thermochemical Conversion Pathways for Regional Poultry Waste Valorization”. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8 (14): 5763–5775. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01229.
Bora, Raaj R.; Lei, Musuizi; Tester, Jefferson W.; Lehmann, Johannes; You, Fengqi (2020-06-08). “Life Cycle Assessment and Technoeconomic Analysis of Thermochemical Conversion Technologies Applied to Poultry Litter with Energy and Nutrient Recovery”. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8 (22): 8436–8447. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02860.
Scholz, Sebastian B.; Sembres, Thomas; Roberts, Kelli; Whitman, Thea; Wilson, Kelpie; Lehmann, Johannes (2014-06-23) (英語). Biochar Systems for Smallholders in Developing Countries: Leveraging Current Knowledge and Exploring Future Potential for Climate-Smart Agriculture. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9525-7. hdl:10986/18781. ISBN 978-0-8213-9525-7
Amonette, James E; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Hassebrook, Chuck; Laird, David A; Lal, Rattan; Lehmann, Johannes; Page-Dumroese, Deborah (January 2021). “Integrated biochar research: A roadmap”. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 76 (1): 24A–29A. doi:10.2489/jswc.2021.1115A. "大規模な木質ガス発生装置は現在では比較的一般的であり、アメリカで販売されているバイオ炭の大部分はこれで供給されている。これら大規模施設のうち1か所で同一の原料から同一製品の木質バイオ炭を大量生産し、それを標準のバイオ炭として使用することで、使用した地域（土壌、気温、湿度）による影響を比較することができる。"
Akhtar, Ali; Krepl, Vladimir; Ivanova, Tatiana (July 5, 2018). “A Combined Overview of Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Biomass”. Energy Fuels 32 (7): 7294–7318. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01678.
Rollinson, Andrew N (1 August 2016). “Gasification reactor engineering approach to understanding the formation of biochar properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society 472 (2192). Bibcode:2016RSPSA.47250841R. doi:10.1098/rspa.2015.0841. PMC 5014096. PMID 27616911. "Figure 1. 図：バイオマスガス化プロセスで使用されるダウンドラフトガス化炉反応装置の概要。エネルギー伝達メカニズムと熱的な層の表示。多くの著者は、熱分解中の最高処理温度（HTT）を、バイオ炭生成物の特性を定義する重要なパラメータとしている。"
Tripathi, Manoj; Sabu, J.N.; Ganesan, P. (21 November 2015). “Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55: 467–481. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.122. ISSN 1364-0321.
Aysu, Tevfik; Küçük, M. Maşuk (16 December 2013). “Biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and characterization of products”. Energy 64 (1): 1002–1025. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.053. ISSN 0360-5442.
Kambo, Harpreet Singh; Dutta, Animesh (14 February 2015). “A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physicochemical properties and applications”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45: 359–378. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050. ISSN 1364-0321.
Lee, Jechan; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Kwon, Eilhann E. (2019). Biochar from biomass and waste - Fundamentals and applications. Elsevier. pp. 1–462. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-01974-5. hdl:10344/443. ISBN 978-0-12-811729-3. オリジナルの23 March 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年3月23日閲覧。
Padhye, Lokesh P.; Bandala, Erick R.; Wijesiri, Buddhi; Goonetilleke, Ashantha; Bolan, Nanthi (2022). “Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals”. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering 4. doi:10.3389/fceng.2022.867228/full. ISSN 2673-2718.
Karagöz, Selhan; Bhaskar, Thallada; Muto, Akinori; Sakata, Yusaku; Oshiki, Toshiyuki; Kishimoto, Tamiya (1 April 2005). “Low-temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass: analysis of liquid products”. Chemical Engineering Journal 108 (1–2): 127–137. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2005.01.007. ISSN 1385-8947.
Crombie, Kyle; Mašek, Ondřej; Sohi, Saran P.; Brownsort, Peter; Cross, Andrew (21 December 2012). “The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods”. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 5 (2): 122–131. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12030. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの6 July 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2020年9月1日閲覧。.
Weber, Kathrin; Quicker, Peter (1 April 2018). “Properties of biochar”. Fuel 217: 240–261. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.054. ISSN 0016-2361.
Mochidzuki, Kazuhiro; Soutric, Florence; Tadokoro, Katsuaki; Antal, Michael Jerry; Tóth, Mária; Zelei, Borbála; Várhegyi, Gábor (2003). “Electrical and Physical Properties of Carbonized Charcoals”. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42 (21): 5140–5151. doi:10.1021/ie030358e. "(observed five) orders of magnitude decrease in the electrical resistivity of charcoal with increasing HTT from 650 to 1050°C"
Kwon, Jin Heon; Park, Sang Bum; Ayrilmis, Nadir; Oh, Seung Won; Kim, Nam Hun (2013). “Effect of carbonization temperature on electrical resistivity and physical properties of wood and wood-based composites”. Composites Part B: Engineering 46: 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.012. "When carbonized under 500 °C, wood charcoal can be used as electric insulation"
Budai, Alice; Rasse, Daniel P.; Lagomarsino, Alessandra; Lerch, Thomas Z.; Paruch, Lisa (2016). “Biochar persistence, priming and microbial responses to pyrolysis temperature series”. Biology and Fertility of Soils 52 (6): 749–761. doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1116-6. hdl:11250/2499741. "...高温で生成されたバイオ炭はより多くの芳香族構造を含んでおり、これが本質的な高安定性をもたらしている..."
Verheijen, F.G.A.; Graber, E.R.; Ameloot, N.; Bastos, A.C.; Sohi, S.; Knicker, H. (2014). “Biochars in soils: new insights and emerging research needs”. European Journal of Soil Science 65: 22–27. doi:10.1111/ejss.12127. hdl:10261/93245.
Kerré, Bart; Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Smolders, Erik (2016-03-15). “Partitioning of carbon sources among functional pools to investigate short-term priming effects of biochar in soil: A 13C study” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 547: 30–38. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.547...30K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 26780129. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Goos, Peter; Hardy, Brieuc; Dufey, Joseph; Smolders, Erik (2016). “Long-term effect of biochar on the stabilization of recent carbon: soils with historical inputs of charcoal” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 8 (2): 371–381. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12250. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Kopittke, Peter M.; Horemans, Benjamin; Smolders, Erik (2016-04-26). “Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study” (英語). Scientific Reports 6 (1): 25127. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625127H. doi:10.1038/srep25127. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4844975. PMID 27113269.
Mukarunyana, Brigitte; Boman, Christoffer; Kabera, Telesphore; Lindgren, Robert; Fick, Jerker (2023-11-01). “The ability of biochars from cookstoves to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products from hospital wastewater”. Environmental Technology & Innovation 32: 103391. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2023.103391. ISSN 2352-1864.
Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ahrens, Lutz; Gros, Meritxell; Wiberg, Karin; Pell, Mikael (2018-01-15). “Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 612: 192–201. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.612..192D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.178. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28850838. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年9月28日閲覧。.
Perez-Mercado, Luis; Lalander, Cecilia; Berger, Christina; Dalahmeh, Sahar (2018-12-12). “Potential of Biochar Filters for Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Biochar Type, Physical Properties and Operating Conditions” (英語). Water 10 (12): 1835. doi:10.3390/w10121835. ISSN 2073-4441.
Sörengård, Mattias; Östblom, Erik; Köhler, Stephan; Ahrens, Lutz (2020-06-01). “Adsorption behavior of per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) to 44 inorganic and organic sorbents and use of dyes as proxies for PFAS sorption”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (3): 103744. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.103744. ISSN 2213-3437.

dx.doi.org

Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Thies, Janice; Schäfer, Thorsten; Liang, Biqing; Kinyangi, James; Neves, Eduardo; Petersen, James et al. (May 2007). “Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic C in Amazonian Dark Earths”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (9): 2285–2298. Bibcode:2007GeCoA..71.2285S. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.014. ISSN 0016-7037. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧. "アマゾン黒色土（テラプレータ）は、おそらく紀元前500年から9000年の間に発展した独自の土壌であり、バイオマスの燃焼や前コロンブス期のアメリンディアンの集落での高強度の栄養物の堆積など人為的な活動によって、ブラジルのアマゾン盆地全体で元の土壌が改良されたアントロソールである。"
Kern, DC; de LP Ruivo, M; Frazão, FJL (2009), “Terra Preta Nova: The Dream of Wim Sombroek”, Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 339–349, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9031-8_18, ISBN 978-1-4020-9030-1, オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。
“06/00595 Economical CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 92. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80597-7. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Joseph, S; Graber, ER; Chia, C; Munroe, P; Donne, S; Thomas, T; Nielsen, S; Marjo, C et al. (June 2013). “Shifting paradigms: development of high-efficiency biochar fertilizers based on nano-structures and soluble components”. Carbon Management 4 (3): 323–343. doi:10.4155/cmt.13.23. ISSN 1758-3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.23.
Major, Julie; Rondon, Marco; Molina, Diego; Riha, Susan J.; Lehmann, Johannes (July 2012). “Nutrient Leaching in a Colombian Savanna Oxisol Amended with Biochar”. Journal of Environmental Quality 41 (4): 1076–1086. doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0128. ISSN 0047-2425. PMID 22751049.
Ricigliano, Kristin (2011). “Terra Pretas: Charcoal Amendments Influence on Relict Soils and Modern Agriculture”. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 40 (1): 69–72. doi:10.4195/jnrlse.2011.0001se. ISSN 1059-9053. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Gerstl, Z.; Lew, B. (2011-10-15). “High surface area biochar negatively impacts herbicide efficacy”. Plant and Soil 353 (1–2): 95–106. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1012-7. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Khanukov, J.; Oka, Y. (July 2011). “Sorption, Volatilization, and Efficacy of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a Biochar-Amended Soil”. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 (4): 1365–1373. Bibcode:2011SSASJ..75.1365G. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0435. ISSN 0361-5995.
Meller Harel, Yael; Elad, Yigal; Rav-David, Dalia; Borenstein, Menachem; Shulchani, Ran; Lew, Beni; Graber, Ellen R. (2012-02-25). “Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens”. Plant and Soil 357 (1–2): 245–257. doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1129-3. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
“06/00891 Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in Sri Lanka”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 131. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80893-3. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。. 「多くの植物に対するRPR（残渣対生成物比率）を示し、エネルギーおよび炭の製造のために利用可能な農業廃棄物に対するアセスメントを説明している。」

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; Japanese: 3,818^th place)

pure.ed.ac.uk

Crombie, Kyle; Mašek, Ondřej; Sohi, Saran P.; Brownsort, Peter; Cross, Andrew (21 December 2012). “The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods”. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 5 (2): 122–131. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12030. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの6 July 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2020年9月1日閲覧。.

ed.ac.uk

“UK Biochar Research Centre” (英語). The University of Edinburgh. 2018年7月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

env.go.jp (Global: 2,274^th place; Japanese: 189^th place)

“廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令の一部を改正する政令等の施行について”. 環境省. 2026年6月27日閲覧。

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; Japanese: 1,004^th place)

faostat.fao.org

“Production Quantity Of Sugar Cane In Brazil In 2006”. FAOSTAT (2006年). 2015年9月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年7月1日閲覧。

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; Japanese: low place)

Silber, A.; Levkovitch, I.; Graber, E. R. (2010). “pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of corn straw biochar: Agronomic implications”. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (24): 9318-9323. Bibcode:2010EnST...44.9318S. doi:10.1021/es101283d. PMID 21090742.

frontiersin.org (Global: 3,332^nd place; Japanese: 3,338^th place)

Padhye, Lokesh P.; Bandala, Erick R.; Wijesiri, Buddhi; Goonetilleke, Ashantha; Bolan, Nanthi (2022). “Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals”. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering 4. doi:10.3389/fceng.2022.867228/full. ISSN 2673-2718.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Japanese: 71^st place)

Joseph, Stephen; Cowie, Annette L.; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Bolan, Nanthi; Budai, Alice; Buss, Wolfram; Cayuela, Maria Luz; Graber, Ellen R. et al. (2021). “How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 13 (11): 1731–1764. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12885. hdl:1885/294216. ISSN 1757-1707.
Scholz, Sebastian B.; Sembres, Thomas; Roberts, Kelli; Whitman, Thea; Wilson, Kelpie; Lehmann, Johannes (2014-06-23) (英語). Biochar Systems for Smallholders in Developing Countries: Leveraging Current Knowledge and Exploring Future Potential for Climate-Smart Agriculture. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9525-7. hdl:10986/18781. ISBN 978-0-8213-9525-7
Lee, Jechan; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Kwon, Eilhann E. (2019). Biochar from biomass and waste - Fundamentals and applications. Elsevier. pp. 1–462. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-01974-5. hdl:10344/443. ISBN 978-0-12-811729-3. オリジナルの23 March 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年3月23日閲覧。
Budai, Alice; Rasse, Daniel P.; Lagomarsino, Alessandra; Lerch, Thomas Z.; Paruch, Lisa (2016). “Biochar persistence, priming and microbial responses to pyrolysis temperature series”. Biology and Fertility of Soils 52 (6): 749–761. doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1116-6. hdl:11250/2499741. "...高温で生成されたバイオ炭はより多くの芳香族構造を含んでおり、これが本質的な高安定性をもたらしている..."
Verheijen, F.G.A.; Graber, E.R.; Ameloot, N.; Bastos, A.C.; Sohi, S.; Knicker, H. (2014). “Biochars in soils: new insights and emerging research needs”. European Journal of Soil Science 65: 22–27. doi:10.1111/ejss.12127. hdl:10261/93245.

imarcgroup.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Biochar Market Report by Feedstock Type (Woody Biomass, Agricultural Waste, Animal Manure, and Others), Technology Type (Slow Pyrolysis, Fast Pyrolysis, Gasification, Hydrothermal Carbonization, and Others), Product Form (Coarse and Fine Chips, Fine Powder, Pellets, Granules and Prills, Liquid Suspension), Application (Farming, Gardening, Livestock Feed, Soil, Water and Air Treatment, and Others), and Region 2023-2028”. imarc Impactful Insights. IMARC Services Private Limited. 2023年9月29日閲覧。

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; Japanese: 241^st place)

Lean, Geoffrey (7 December 2008). “Ancient skills 'could reverse global warming'”. The Independent. 2011年9月13日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2011年10月1日閲覧.

jswconline.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

Amonette, James E; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Hassebrook, Chuck; Laird, David A; Lal, Rattan; Lehmann, Johannes; Page-Dumroese, Deborah (January 2021). “Integrated biochar research: A roadmap”. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 76 (1): 24A–29A. doi:10.2489/jswc.2021.1115A. "大規模な木質ガス発生装置は現在では比較的一般的であり、アメリカで販売されているバイオ炭の大部分はこれで供給されている。これら大規模施設のうち1か所で同一の原料から同一製品の木質バイオ炭を大量生産し、それを標準のバイオ炭として使用することで、使用した地域（土壌、気温、湿度）による影響を比較することができる。"

kcrw.com (Global: 9,303^rd place; Japanese: low place)

“XPrize-winning team sources fresh water from the air”. KCRW Design and Architecture Podcast. KCRW (2018年10月24日). 2018年10月26日閲覧。

landcareaustralia.org.au (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“2019 State & Territory Landcare Awards Celebrate Outstanding Landcare Champions”. Landcare Australia (2019年). 2019年10月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。
“Manjimup farmer employing dung beetle to tackle climate-change set to represent WA on national stage”. Landcare Australia (2019年10月). 2019年10月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Japanese: 332^nd place)

Lehmann, Johannes; Cowie, Annette; Masiello, Caroline A.; Kammann, Claudia; Woolf, Dominic; Amonette, James E.; Cayuela, Maria L.; Camps-Arbestain, Marta et al. (December 2021). “Biochar in climate change mitigation” (英語). Nature Geoscience 14 (12): 883–892. Bibcode:2021NatGe..14..883L. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8. ISSN 1752-0908.

ncat.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“How You Can Support Biochar Research”. National Center for Appropriate Technology. 2023年9月29日閲覧。

needfire.info (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Interview with Dr Elaine Ingham - NEEDFIRE” (2015年2月17日). 2015年2月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Japanese: 11^th place)

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; Japanese: 15^th place)

ci.nii.ac.jp

Krevelen D., van (1950). “Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction processes of coal”. Fuel 29: 269–284. オリジナルの25 February 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年2月24日閲覧。.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; Japanese: 2,266^th place)

“biochar”. Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (要購読、またはイギリス公立図書館やウィキペディア図書館への会員加入。)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179^th place; Japanese: 617^th place)

“biochar”. Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (要購読、またはイギリス公立図書館やウィキペディア図書館への会員加入。)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; Japanese: 1,935^th place)

Gabhi, Randeep Singh (2022). Electrical Conductivity of Wood-derived Nanoporous Monolithic Biochar (Thesis). University of Toronto (Canada). 2024年4月17日閲覧. すべてのバイオチャーの導電性は、加熱温度の上昇に伴って炭化度とグラファイズ化度が増加することで上昇する。

renewableenergyworld.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

Crowe, Robert (2011年10月31日). “Could Biomass Technology Help Commercialize Biochar?” (英語). Renewable Energy World. 2021年4月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939^th place; Japanese: 1,496^th place)

“Geoengineering the climate: science, governance and uncertainty”. The Royal Society (2009年). 2011年9月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年8月22日閲覧。

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; Japanese: 1,846^th place)

Schmidt, Morgan J.; Goldberg, Samuel L.; Heckenberger, Michael; Fausto, Carlos; Franchetto, Bruna; Watling, Jennifer; Lima, Helena; Moraes, Bruno et al. (2023-09-22). “Intentional creation of carbon-rich dark earth soils in the Amazon” (英語). Science Advances 9 (38). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh8499. ISSN 2375-2548.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Japanese: 403^rd place)

Khedulkar, Akhil Pradiprao; Dang, Van Dien; Thamilselvan, Annadurai; Doong, Ruey-an; Pandit, Bidhan (2024-01-30). “Sustainable high-energy supercapacitors: Metal oxide-agricultural waste biochar composites paving the way for a greener future”. Journal of Energy Storage 77: 109723. doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109723. ISSN 2352-152X.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Koh, Hui Jun (2018-04-01). “Application of biochar from food and wood waste as green admixture for cement mortar” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 619-620: 419–435. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.619..419G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29156263.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Pang, Sze Dai (2020-02-20). “Effect of biochar on mechanical and permeability properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature” (英語). Construction and Building Materials 234: 117338. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117338. ISSN 0950-0618.
Cueva Zepeda, Lolita; Griffin, Gregory; Shah, Kalpit; Al-Waili, Ibrahim; Parthasarathy, Rajarathinam (2023-05-01). “Energy potential, flow characteristics and stability of water and alcohol-based rice-straw biochar slurry fuel”. Renewable Energy 207: 60–72. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.104. ISSN 0960-1481.
Liu, Pengfei; Zhu, Mingming; Zhang, Zhezi; Leong, Yee-Kwong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Dongke (2017-02-01). “Rheological behaviour and stability characteristics of biochar-water slurry fuels: Effect of biochar particle size and size distribution”. Fuel Processing Technology 156: 27–32. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.09.030. ISSN 0378-3820.
Lee, Jechan; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Kwon, Eilhann E. (2019). Biochar from biomass and waste - Fundamentals and applications. Elsevier. pp. 1–462. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-01974-5. hdl:10344/443. ISBN 978-0-12-811729-3. オリジナルの23 March 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年3月23日閲覧。
Kwon, Jin Heon; Park, Sang Bum; Ayrilmis, Nadir; Oh, Seung Won; Kim, Nam Hun (2013). “Effect of carbonization temperature on electrical resistivity and physical properties of wood and wood-based composites”. Composites Part B: Engineering 46: 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.012. "When carbonized under 500 °C, wood charcoal can be used as electric insulation"
Kerré, Bart; Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Smolders, Erik (2016-03-15). “Partitioning of carbon sources among functional pools to investigate short-term priming effects of biochar in soil: A 13C study” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 547: 30–38. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.547...30K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 26780129. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ahrens, Lutz; Gros, Meritxell; Wiberg, Karin; Pell, Mikael (2018-01-15). “Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 612: 192–201. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.612..192D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.178. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28850838. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年9月28日閲覧。.
Sörengård, Mattias; Östblom, Erik; Köhler, Stephan; Ahrens, Lutz (2020-06-01). “Adsorption behavior of per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) to 44 inorganic and organic sorbents and use of dyes as proxies for PFAS sorption”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (3): 103744. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.103744. ISSN 2213-3437.

sites.google.com (Global: 658^th place; Japanese: 642^nd place)

“iBRN Israel Biochar Research Network”. sites.google.com. 2014年3月9日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

slu.se (Global: 5,140^th place; Japanese: low place)

“SLU Biochar network” (英語). SLU.SE. 2023年11月9日閲覧。

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; Japanese: 81^st place)

Jha, Alok (13 March 2009). “'Biochar' goes industrial with giant microwaves to lock carbon in charcoal”. The Guardian. 2013年12月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2011年9月23日閲覧.

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; Japanese: 1,756^th place)

Hamilton, Tyler (22 June 2009). “Sole option is to adapt, climate author says”. The Star. Toronto. 2012年10月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2017年8月24日閲覧.

uga.edu (Global: 3,057^th place; Japanese: 7,294^th place)

ftfpeanutlab.caes.uga.edu

“Biochar nearly doubles peanut yield in student's research - News and Events”. ftfpeanutlab.caes.uga.edu. Innovation Lab for Peanut. 2021年8月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; Japanese: 1,416^th place)

ars.usda.gov

Novak, Jeff. “Development of Designer Biochar to Remediate Specific Chemical and Physical Aspects of Degraded Soils. Proc. of North American Biochar Conference 2009”. www.ars.usda.gov. 2021年8月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Japanese: 1^st place)

“Standardized production definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil” (2015年). 2019年2月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年11月23日閲覧。
“Slash and Char”. 2014年7月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年9月19日閲覧。
Lean, Geoffrey (7 December 2008). “Ancient skills 'could reverse global warming'”. The Independent. 2011年9月13日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2011年10月1日閲覧.
“Geoengineering the climate: science, governance and uncertainty”. The Royal Society (2009年). 2011年9月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年8月22日閲覧。
Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Thies, Janice; Schäfer, Thorsten; Liang, Biqing; Kinyangi, James; Neves, Eduardo; Petersen, James et al. (May 2007). “Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic C in Amazonian Dark Earths”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (9): 2285–2298. Bibcode:2007GeCoA..71.2285S. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.014. ISSN 0016-7037. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧. "アマゾン黒色土（テラプレータ）は、おそらく紀元前500年から9000年の間に発展した独自の土壌であり、バイオマスの燃焼や前コロンブス期のアメリンディアンの集落での高強度の栄養物の堆積など人為的な活動によって、ブラジルのアマゾン盆地全体で元の土壌が改良されたアントロソールである。"
Lehmann, Johannes. “Terra Preta de Indio”. Soil Biochemistry (Internal Citations Omitted). オリジナルの24 April 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。 2009年9月15日閲覧。. バイオチャー濃縮土壌は周囲の土壌と比較して炭素をより多く含んでいる（150g炭素/kgに対して周囲土壌では20-30g炭素/kg）。
Winsley, Peter (2007). “Biochar and Bioenergy Production for Climate Change Mitigation”. New Zealand Science Review 64 (5): 5. オリジナルの4 October 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年7月10日閲覧。.
Kern, DC; de LP Ruivo, M; Frazão, FJL (2009), “Terra Preta Nova: The Dream of Wim Sombroek”, Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 339–349, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9031-8_18, ISBN 978-1-4020-9030-1, オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。
Hamilton, Tyler (22 June 2009). “Sole option is to adapt, climate author says”. The Star. Toronto. 2012年10月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2017年8月24日閲覧.
“Biochar decreased N2O emissions from soils. [Social Impact. FERTIPLUS. 処理された有機廃棄物を堆肥とバイオチャー製品としてリサイクルすることによる鉱物肥料と農薬の削減 (2011-2015). Framework Programme 7 (FP7).]”. SIOR, Social Impact Open Repository. 2017年9月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年1月5日閲覧。
“Greenhouse Gas Removals: Summary of Responses to the Call for Evidence”. 2021年10月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年1月5日閲覧。
“Interview with Dr Elaine Ingham - NEEDFIRE” (2015年2月17日). 2015年2月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
Lehmann, Johannes; Pereira da Silva, Jose; Steiner, Christoph; Nehls, Thomas; Zech, Wolfgang; Glaser, Bruno (2003-02-01). “Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments” (英語). Plant and Soil 249 (2): 343–357. doi:10.1023/A:1022833116184. ISSN 1573-5036. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
“06/00595 Economical CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 92. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80597-7. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
“Biochar fact sheet”. csiro.au. 2013年10月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年1月15日閲覧。
“Improvement of soil quality. [Social Impact. FERTIPLUS. Reducing mineral fertilisers and agro-chemicals by recycling treated organic waste as compost and biochar products (2011-2015). Framework Programme 7 (FP7).]”. SIOR. Social Impact Open Repository. 2017年9月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年1月5日閲覧。
Novak, Jeff. “Development of Designer Biochar to Remediate Specific Chemical and Physical Aspects of Degraded Soils. Proc. of North American Biochar Conference 2009”. www.ars.usda.gov. 2021年8月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
Ricigliano, Kristin (2011). “Terra Pretas: Charcoal Amendments Influence on Relict Soils and Modern Agriculture”. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 40 (1): 69–72. doi:10.4195/jnrlse.2011.0001se. ISSN 1059-9053. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Gerstl, Z.; Lew, B. (2011-10-15). “High surface area biochar negatively impacts herbicide efficacy”. Plant and Soil 353 (1–2): 95–106. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1012-7. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Meller Harel, Yael; Elad, Yigal; Rav-David, Dalia; Borenstein, Menachem; Shulchani, Ran; Lew, Beni; Graber, Ellen R. (2012-02-25). “Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens”. Plant and Soil 357 (1–2): 245–257. doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1129-3. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Cusack, Mikki (2020年2月7日). “Can charcoal make beef better for the environment?” (英語). www.bbc.com. 2020年2月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年11月22日閲覧。
Daly, Jon「Poo-eating beetles and charcoal used by WA farmer to combat climate change」『ABC News』Australian Broadcasting Corporation、2019年10月18日。オリジナルの2019年10月18日時点におけるアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。「パウ氏は彼の革新的な農業システムが、畜産業者がより収益性を向上させつつ、気候変動の影響に対処するのに役立つ可能性があると述べた。」
“2019 State & Territory Landcare Awards Celebrate Outstanding Landcare Champions”. Landcare Australia (2019年). 2019年10月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。
“Manjimup farmer employing dung beetle to tackle climate-change set to represent WA on national stage”. Landcare Australia (2019年10月). 2019年10月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年10月18日閲覧。
Menezes, Bruna Rafaela da Silva; Daher, Rogério Figueiredo; Gravina, Geraldo de Amaral; Pereira, Antônio Vander; Pereira, Messias Gonzaga; Tardin, Flávio Dessaune (2016-09-20). “Combining ability in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) for energy biomass production”. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10 (9): 1297–1305. doi:10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.09.p7747. オリジナルの2 June 2018時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年5月3日閲覧。.
“Production Quantity Of Sugar Cane In Brazil In 2006”. FAOSTAT (2006年). 2015年9月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年7月1日閲覧。
“06/00891 Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in Sri Lanka”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 131. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80893-3. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。. 「多くの植物に対するRPR（残渣対生成物比率）を示し、エネルギーおよび炭の製造のために利用可能な農業廃棄物に対するアセスメントを説明している。」
Lee, Jechan; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Kwon, Eilhann E. (2019). Biochar from biomass and waste - Fundamentals and applications. Elsevier. pp. 1–462. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-01974-5. hdl:10344/443. ISBN 978-0-12-811729-3. オリジナルの23 March 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年3月23日閲覧。
Jha, Alok (13 March 2009). “'Biochar' goes industrial with giant microwaves to lock carbon in charcoal”. The Guardian. 2013年12月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2011年9月23日閲覧.
Crombie, Kyle; Mašek, Ondřej; Sohi, Saran P.; Brownsort, Peter; Cross, Andrew (21 December 2012). “The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods”. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 5 (2): 122–131. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12030. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの6 July 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2020年9月1日閲覧。.
Krevelen D., van (1950). “Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction processes of coal”. Fuel 29: 269–284. オリジナルの25 February 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年2月24日閲覧。.
Crowe, Robert (2011年10月31日). “Could Biomass Technology Help Commercialize Biochar?” (英語). Renewable Energy World. 2021年4月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
O'Sullivan, Feargus (20 December 2016). “Stockholm's Ingenious Plan to Recycle Yard Waste”. Citylab. 2018年3月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2018年3月15日閲覧.
Austin, Anna (October 2009). “A New Climate Change Mitigation Tool”. Biomass Magazine. BBI International. 2010年1月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2009年10月30日閲覧.
“UK Biochar Research Centre” (英語). The University of Edinburgh. 2018年7月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
“Can Biochar save the planet?”. CNN. 2009年4月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2009年3月10日閲覧.
“Biochar nearly doubles peanut yield in student's research - News and Events”. ftfpeanutlab.caes.uga.edu. Innovation Lab for Peanut. 2021年8月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
“iBRN Israel Biochar Research Network”. sites.google.com. 2014年3月9日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月16日閲覧。
Kerré, Bart; Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Smolders, Erik (2016-03-15). “Partitioning of carbon sources among functional pools to investigate short-term priming effects of biochar in soil: A 13C study” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 547: 30–38. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.547...30K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 26780129. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Goos, Peter; Hardy, Brieuc; Dufey, Joseph; Smolders, Erik (2016). “Long-term effect of biochar on the stabilization of recent carbon: soils with historical inputs of charcoal” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 8 (2): 371–381. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12250. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
De-bushing Advisory Service Namibia (2020年9月23日). “Kick-start for Biochar Value Chain: Practical Guidelines for Producers Now Published”. De-bushing Advisory Service. 2020年10月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年9月24日閲覧。
Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ahrens, Lutz; Gros, Meritxell; Wiberg, Karin; Pell, Mikael (2018-01-15). “Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 612: 192–201. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.612..192D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.178. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28850838. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年9月28日閲覧。.

webofscience.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Web of Science”. www.webofscience.com. 2024年1月16日閲覧。

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524^th place; Japanese: low place)

“biochar”. Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (要購読、またはイギリス公立図書館やウィキペディア図書館への会員加入。)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; Japanese: 393^rd place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Schmidt, Hans‐Peter; Anca‐Couce, Andrés; Hagemann, Nikolas; Werner, Constanze; Gerten, Dieter; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kammann, Claudia (April 2019). “Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 11 (4): 573–591. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12553. ISSN 1757-1693.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Goos, Peter; Hardy, Brieuc; Dufey, Joseph; Smolders, Erik (2016). “Long-term effect of biochar on the stabilization of recent carbon: soils with historical inputs of charcoal” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 8 (2): 371–381. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12250. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; Japanese: 858^th place)

elibrary.worldbank.org

Scholz, Sebastian B.; Sembres, Thomas; Roberts, Kelli; Whitman, Thea; Wilson, Kelpie; Lehmann, Johannes (2014-06-23) (英語). Biochar Systems for Smallholders in Developing Countries: Leveraging Current Knowledge and Exploring Future Potential for Climate-Smart Agriculture. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9525-7. hdl:10986/18781. ISBN 978-0-8213-9525-7

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Japanese: 12^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Khedulkar, Akhil Pradiprao; Dang, Van Dien; Thamilselvan, Annadurai; Doong, Ruey-an; Pandit, Bidhan (2024-01-30). “Sustainable high-energy supercapacitors: Metal oxide-agricultural waste biochar composites paving the way for a greener future”. Journal of Energy Storage 77: 109723. doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109723. ISSN 2352-152X.
Schmidt, Hans‐Peter; Anca‐Couce, Andrés; Hagemann, Nikolas; Werner, Constanze; Gerten, Dieter; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kammann, Claudia (April 2019). “Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 11 (4): 573–591. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12553. ISSN 1757-1693.
Dominic Woolf; James E. Amonette; F. Alayne Street-Perrott; Johannes Lehmann; Stephen Joseph (August 2010). “Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change”. Nature Communications 1 (5): 56. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...56W. doi:10.1038/ncomms1053. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 2964457. PMID 20975722.
Schmidt, Morgan J.; Goldberg, Samuel L.; Heckenberger, Michael; Fausto, Carlos; Franchetto, Bruna; Watling, Jennifer; Lima, Helena; Moraes, Bruno et al. (2023-09-22). “Intentional creation of carbon-rich dark earth soils in the Amazon” (英語). Science Advances 9 (38). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh8499. ISSN 2375-2548.
Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Thies, Janice; Schäfer, Thorsten; Liang, Biqing; Kinyangi, James; Neves, Eduardo; Petersen, James et al. (May 2007). “Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic C in Amazonian Dark Earths”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (9): 2285–2298. Bibcode:2007GeCoA..71.2285S. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.014. ISSN 0016-7037. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧. "アマゾン黒色土（テラプレータ）は、おそらく紀元前500年から9000年の間に発展した独自の土壌であり、バイオマスの燃焼や前コロンブス期のアメリンディアンの集落での高強度の栄養物の堆積など人為的な活動によって、ブラジルのアマゾン盆地全体で元の土壌が改良されたアントロソールである。"
Ogawa, Makoto; Okimori, Yasuyuki; Takahashi, Fumio (2006-03-01). “Carbon Sequestration by Carbonization of Biomass and Forestation: Three Case Studies” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 429–444. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9007-4. ISSN 1573-1596.
Lehmann, Johannes; Gaunt, John; Rondon, Marco (2006-03-01). “Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems – A Review” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 403–427. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5. ISSN 1573-1596.
Sundberg, Cecilia; Karltun, Erik; Gitau, James K.; Kätterer, Thomas; Kimutai, Geoffrey M.; Mahmoud, Yahia; Njenga, Mary; Nyberg, Gert et al. (2020-08-01). “Biochar from cookstoves reduces greenhouse gas emissions from smallholder farms in Africa” (英語). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 25 (6): 953–967. doi:10.1007/s11027-020-09920-7. ISSN 1573-1596.
Lehmann, Johannes; Cowie, Annette; Masiello, Caroline A.; Kammann, Claudia; Woolf, Dominic; Amonette, James E.; Cayuela, Maria L.; Camps-Arbestain, Marta et al. (December 2021). “Biochar in climate change mitigation” (英語). Nature Geoscience 14 (12): 883–892. Bibcode:2021NatGe..14..883L. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8. ISSN 1752-0908.
Fawzy, Samer; Osman, Ahmed I.; Yang, Haiping; Doran, John; Rooney, David W. (2021-08-01). “Industrial biochar systems for atmospheric carbon removal: a review” (英語). Environmental Chemistry Letters 19 (4): 3023–3055. doi:10.1007/s10311-021-01210-1. ISSN 1610-3661.
Vijay, Vandit; Shreedhar, Sowmya; Adlak, Komalkant; Payyanad, Sachin; Sreedharan, Vandana; Gopi, Girigan; Sophia van der Voort, Tessa; Malarvizhi, P et al. (2021). “Review of Large-Scale Biochar Field-Trials for Soil Amendment and the Observed Influences on Crop Yield Variations”. Frontiers in Energy Research 9: 499. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.710766. ISSN 2296-598X.
Lehmann, Johannes; Pereira da Silva, Jose; Steiner, Christoph; Nehls, Thomas; Zech, Wolfgang; Glaser, Bruno (2003-02-01). “Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments” (英語). Plant and Soil 249 (2): 343–357. doi:10.1023/A:1022833116184. ISSN 1573-5036. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Joseph, Stephen; Cowie, Annette L.; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Bolan, Nanthi; Budai, Alice; Buss, Wolfram; Cayuela, Maria Luz; Graber, Ellen R. et al. (2021). “How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 13 (11): 1731–1764. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12885. hdl:1885/294216. ISSN 1757-1707.
“06/00595 Economical CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 92. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80597-7. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Joseph, S; Graber, ER; Chia, C; Munroe, P; Donne, S; Thomas, T; Nielsen, S; Marjo, C et al. (June 2013). “Shifting paradigms: development of high-efficiency biochar fertilizers based on nano-structures and soluble components”. Carbon Management 4 (3): 323–343. doi:10.4155/cmt.13.23. ISSN 1758-3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.23.
Major, Julie; Rondon, Marco; Molina, Diego; Riha, Susan J.; Lehmann, Johannes (July 2012). “Nutrient Leaching in a Colombian Savanna Oxisol Amended with Biochar”. Journal of Environmental Quality 41 (4): 1076–1086. doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0128. ISSN 0047-2425. PMID 22751049.
Ricigliano, Kristin (2011). “Terra Pretas: Charcoal Amendments Influence on Relict Soils and Modern Agriculture”. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 40 (1): 69–72. doi:10.4195/jnrlse.2011.0001se. ISSN 1059-9053. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Gerstl, Z.; Lew, B. (2011-10-15). “High surface area biochar negatively impacts herbicide efficacy”. Plant and Soil 353 (1–2): 95–106. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1012-7. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Graber, E. R.; Tsechansky, L.; Khanukov, J.; Oka, Y. (July 2011). “Sorption, Volatilization, and Efficacy of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a Biochar-Amended Soil”. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 (4): 1365–1373. Bibcode:2011SSASJ..75.1365G. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0435. ISSN 0361-5995.
Meller Harel, Yael; Elad, Yigal; Rav-David, Dalia; Borenstein, Menachem; Shulchani, Ran; Lew, Beni; Graber, Ellen R. (2012-02-25). “Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens”. Plant and Soil 357 (1–2): 245–257. doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1129-3. ISSN 0032-079X. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月16日閲覧。.
Lehmann, Johannes; Gaunt, John; Rondon, Marco (March 2006). “Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems ? A Review”. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11 (2): 403-427. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5. ISSN 1381-2386. "supra note 11 at 407 「地上の木質バイオマスを簡単な窯でバイオチャーに変換し土壌に適用されれば、炭素の50%以上が非常に安定した形で封じ込められるであろう。」"
Schmidt, Hans-Peter; Hagemann, Nikolas; Draper, Kathleen; Kammann, Claudia (2019-07-31). “The use of biochar in animal feeding”. PeerJ 7: e7373. doi:10.7717/peerj.7373. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6679646. PMID 31396445.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Koh, Hui Jun (2018-04-01). “Application of biochar from food and wood waste as green admixture for cement mortar” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 619-620: 419–435. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.619..419G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.044. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29156263.
Suarez-Riera, D.; Restuccia, L.; Ferro, G. A. (2020-01-01). “The use of Biochar to reduce the carbon footprint of cement-based materials” (英語). Procedia Structural Integrity. 1st Mediterranean Conference on Fracture and Structural Integrity, MedFract1 26: 199–210. doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2020.06.023. ISSN 2452-3216.
Gupta, Souradeep; Kua, Harn Wei; Pang, Sze Dai (2020-02-20). “Effect of biochar on mechanical and permeability properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature” (英語). Construction and Building Materials 234: 117338. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117338. ISSN 0950-0618.
Campos, J.; Fajilan, S.; Lualhati, J.; Mandap, N.; Clemente, S. (2020-06-01). “Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar as a Partial Replacement to Portland Cement”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 479 (1): 012025. Bibcode:2020E&ES..479a2025C. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012025. ISSN 1755-1307.
Cueva Zepeda, Lolita; Griffin, Gregory; Shah, Kalpit; Al-Waili, Ibrahim; Parthasarathy, Rajarathinam (2023-05-01). “Energy potential, flow characteristics and stability of water and alcohol-based rice-straw biochar slurry fuel”. Renewable Energy 207: 60–72. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.104. ISSN 0960-1481.
Liu, Pengfei; Zhu, Mingming; Zhang, Zhezi; Leong, Yee-Kwong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Dongke (2017-02-01). “Rheological behaviour and stability characteristics of biochar-water slurry fuels: Effect of biochar particle size and size distribution”. Fuel Processing Technology 156: 27–32. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.09.030. ISSN 0378-3820.
Weldekidan, Haftom; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri (2022-11-16). “Upcycling of Plastic Wastes and Biomass for Sustainable Graphitic Carbon Production: A Critical Review” (英語). ACS Environmental Au 2 (6): 510–522. doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029. ISSN 2694-2518. PMC 9673229. PMID 36411867.
Gale, Mark; Nguyen, Peter M.; Gilliard-AbdulAziz, Kandis Leslie (2023-01-10). “Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Co-Pyrolysis of Plastics and Corn Stover to Produce Char and Activated Carbon” (英語). ACS Omega 8 (1): 380–390. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c04815. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 9835080. PMID 36643465.
Luo, Jiewen; Wang, Qian; Lin, Litao; Zhang, Shicheng; Zhu, Xiangdong (2021-03-29). “Waste Plastics Complement Biochar: Innovative Approach in Curbing Toxicants (KCN/NaCN) in N-Containing Biochar” (英語). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (12): 4617–4624. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00226. ISSN 2168-0485.
“06/00891 Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in Sri Lanka”. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47 (2): 131. (March 2006). doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80893-3. ISSN 0140-6701. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。. 「多くの植物に対するRPR（残渣対生成物比率）を示し、エネルギーおよび炭の製造のために利用可能な農業廃棄物に対するアセスメントを説明している。」
Tripathi, Manoj; Sabu, J.N.; Ganesan, P. (21 November 2015). “Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55: 467–481. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.122. ISSN 1364-0321.
Aysu, Tevfik; Küçük, M. Maşuk (16 December 2013). “Biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and characterization of products”. Energy 64 (1): 1002–1025. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.053. ISSN 0360-5442.
Kambo, Harpreet Singh; Dutta, Animesh (14 February 2015). “A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physicochemical properties and applications”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45: 359–378. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050. ISSN 1364-0321.
Padhye, Lokesh P.; Bandala, Erick R.; Wijesiri, Buddhi; Goonetilleke, Ashantha; Bolan, Nanthi (2022). “Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals”. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering 4. doi:10.3389/fceng.2022.867228/full. ISSN 2673-2718.
Karagöz, Selhan; Bhaskar, Thallada; Muto, Akinori; Sakata, Yusaku; Oshiki, Toshiyuki; Kishimoto, Tamiya (1 April 2005). “Low-temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass: analysis of liquid products”. Chemical Engineering Journal 108 (1–2): 127–137. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2005.01.007. ISSN 1385-8947.
Crombie, Kyle; Mašek, Ondřej; Sohi, Saran P.; Brownsort, Peter; Cross, Andrew (21 December 2012). “The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods”. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 5 (2): 122–131. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12030. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの6 July 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2020年9月1日閲覧。.
Weber, Kathrin; Quicker, Peter (1 April 2018). “Properties of biochar”. Fuel 217: 240–261. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.054. ISSN 0016-2361.
Kerré, Bart; Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Smolders, Erik (2016-03-15). “Partitioning of carbon sources among functional pools to investigate short-term priming effects of biochar in soil: A 13C study” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 547: 30–38. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.547...30K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.107. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 26780129. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Goos, Peter; Hardy, Brieuc; Dufey, Joseph; Smolders, Erik (2016). “Long-term effect of biochar on the stabilization of recent carbon: soils with historical inputs of charcoal” (英語). GCB Bioenergy 8 (2): 371–381. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12250. ISSN 1757-1707. オリジナルの9 August 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年8月9日閲覧。.
Hernandez-Soriano, Maria C.; Kerré, Bart; Kopittke, Peter M.; Horemans, Benjamin; Smolders, Erik (2016-04-26). “Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study” (英語). Scientific Reports 6 (1): 25127. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625127H. doi:10.1038/srep25127. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4844975. PMID 27113269.
Mukarunyana, Brigitte; Boman, Christoffer; Kabera, Telesphore; Lindgren, Robert; Fick, Jerker (2023-11-01). “The ability of biochars from cookstoves to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products from hospital wastewater”. Environmental Technology & Innovation 32: 103391. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2023.103391. ISSN 2352-1864.
Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ahrens, Lutz; Gros, Meritxell; Wiberg, Karin; Pell, Mikael (2018-01-15). “Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm” (英語). Science of the Total Environment 612: 192–201. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.612..192D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.178. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28850838. オリジナルの22 November 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。 2021年9月28日閲覧。.
Perez-Mercado, Luis; Lalander, Cecilia; Berger, Christina; Dalahmeh, Sahar (2018-12-12). “Potential of Biochar Filters for Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Biochar Type, Physical Properties and Operating Conditions” (英語). Water 10 (12): 1835. doi:10.3390/w10121835. ISSN 2073-4441.
Sörengård, Mattias; Östblom, Erik; Köhler, Stephan; Ahrens, Lutz (2020-06-01). “Adsorption behavior of per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) to 44 inorganic and organic sorbents and use of dyes as proxies for PFAS sorption”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (3): 103744. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.103744. ISSN 2213-3437.

wri.org (Global: 9,889^th place; Japanese: low place)

Riedl, Danielle; Byrum, Zachary; Li, Serena; Pilorgé, Hélène; Psarras, Peter; Lebling, Katie (2023-06-22) (英語). 5 Things to Know About Carbon Mineralization As a Carbon Removal Strategy.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; Japanese: 231^st place)

Amrith Ramkumar (25 February 2023). “Ancient Farming Practice Draws Cash From Carbon Credits”. Wall Street Journal. Photographs by Alexandra Hootnick.

バイオ炭 (Japanese Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; Japanese: 795th place)

acs.org (Global: 865th place; Japanese: 1,610th place)

pubs.acs.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; Japanese: 60th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

allpowerlabs.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; Japanese: 77th place)

biochar-international.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

biochar.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

biomassmagazine.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

bloomberg.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

citylab.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; Japanese: 162nd place)

edition.cnn.com

cornell.edu (Global: 308th place; Japanese: 896th place)

css.cornell.edu

cropj.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

csiro.au (Global: 3,457th place; Japanese: 7,008th place)

dasnamibia.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

diva-portal.org (Global: 2,734th place; Japanese: low place)

kth.diva-portal.org

docs.google.com (Global: 877th place; Japanese: 2,998th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Japanese: 3rd place)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867th place; Japanese: 3,818th place)

pure.ed.ac.uk

ed.ac.uk

env.go.jp (Global: 2,274th place; Japanese: 189th place)

fao.org (Global: 428th place; Japanese: 1,004th place)

faostat.fao.org

figshare.com (Global: 3,822nd place; Japanese: low place)

frontiersin.org (Global: 3,332nd place; Japanese: 3,338th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; Japanese: 71st place)

imarcgroup.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; Japanese: 241st place)

jswconline.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

kcrw.com (Global: 9,303rd place; Japanese: low place)

landcareaustralia.org.au (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; Japanese: 332nd place)

ncat.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

needfire.info (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; Japanese: 11th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195th place; Japanese: 15th place)

ci.nii.ac.jp

oed.com (Global: 743rd place; Japanese: 2,266th place)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179th place; Japanese: 617th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121st place; Japanese: 1,935th place)

renewableenergyworld.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939th place; Japanese: 1,496th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007th place; Japanese: 1,846th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; Japanese: 403rd place)

sites.google.com (Global: 658th place; Japanese: 642nd place)

slu.se (Global: 5,140th place; Japanese: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; Japanese: 81st place)

thestar.com (Global: 395th place; Japanese: 1,756th place)

uga.edu (Global: 3,057th place; Japanese: 7,294th place)

ftfpeanutlab.caes.uga.edu

usda.gov (Global: 512th place; Japanese: 1,416th place)

ars.usda.gov

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Japanese: 1st place)

webofscience.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524th place; Japanese: low place)

wiley.com (Global: 150th place; Japanese: 393rd place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldbank.org (Global: 280th place; Japanese: 858th place)

elibrary.worldbank.org

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; Japanese: 12th place)

search.worldcat.org

wri.org (Global: 9,889th place; Japanese: low place)

wsj.com (Global: 94th place; Japanese: 231st place)

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; Japanese: 8th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; Japanese: 795^th place)

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Japanese: 1,610^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Japanese: 60^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; Japanese: 77^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Japanese: 162^nd place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Japanese: 896^th place)

csiro.au (Global: 3,457^th place; Japanese: 7,008^th place)

diva-portal.org (Global: 2,734^th place; Japanese: low place)

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; Japanese: 2,998^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Japanese: 3^rd place)

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; Japanese: 3,818^th place)

env.go.jp (Global: 2,274^th place; Japanese: 189^th place)

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; Japanese: 1,004^th place)

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; Japanese: low place)

frontiersin.org (Global: 3,332^nd place; Japanese: 3,338^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Japanese: 71^st place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; Japanese: 241^st place)

kcrw.com (Global: 9,303^rd place; Japanese: low place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Japanese: 332^nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Japanese: 11^th place)

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; Japanese: 15^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; Japanese: 2,266^th place)

oxforddnb.com (Global: 179^th place; Japanese: 617^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; Japanese: 1,935^th place)

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939^th place; Japanese: 1,496^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; Japanese: 1,846^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Japanese: 403^rd place)

sites.google.com (Global: 658^th place; Japanese: 642^nd place)

slu.se (Global: 5,140^th place; Japanese: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; Japanese: 81^st place)

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; Japanese: 1,756^th place)

uga.edu (Global: 3,057^th place; Japanese: 7,294^th place)

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; Japanese: 1,416^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Japanese: 1^st place)

wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org (Global: 524^th place; Japanese: low place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; Japanese: 393^rd place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; Japanese: 858^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Japanese: 12^th place)

wri.org (Global: 9,889^th place; Japanese: low place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; Japanese: 231^st place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; Japanese: 8^th place)