Melitta Weiss Adamson; Francine Segan (2008). Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl. ABC-CLIO. https://books.google.com/books?id=PPDIx6WWuOQC&pg=PA354. "In Anglican countries, Mardis Gras is known as Shrove Tuesday-from shrive meaning "confess"—or Pancake Tuesday—after the breakfast food that symbolizes one final hearty meal of eggs, butter, and sugar before the fast. On Ash Wednesday, the morning after Mardi Gras, repentant Christians return to church to receive upon the forehead the sign of the cross in ashes. [マルディスグラは英国国教会諸国では「告解」を意味する「告解の火曜日」—もしくは パンケーキの火曜日 —に由来し、断食前に摂取する卵とバター、砂糖を象徴する。マルディグラの翌朝を「灰の水曜日」と呼び、悔い改めたキリスト教徒は教会に戻り、額に灰で引く十字架のサインを受ける。]"ISBN978-0313086892