"Communists Order Foreigners Out of Shanghai Mansions", The Canberra Times (21 June 1949):1, “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2012年7月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年12月5日閲覧。
arnhold.com.hk
Arnhold & Co., a trading company that became a leading distributor of building materials and engineering equipment, was founded as the German-registered Arnhold & Karberg & Co. in 1866 on Shameen Island in Canton (Guangzhou) by Jacob Arnhold and Peter Karsberg, and opened branches in Hong Kong (1867) and Shanghai (1881), and had 37 branches by 1901 (see see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf; and "About Arnhold: History'; http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/); including branches in Hankow, Tientsin (Tianjin), Peking (Beijing), Mukden, London and New York (see E. C. Knuth, The Empire of "The City": The Secret History of British Financial Power (Book Tree, 2006):72). From 1897 to 1910, at least one of the Arnhold family was chairman of the compamy's board of directors: Jacob Arnhold (1897-1900), Philipp Arnhold (1900-1905; and 1906-1910); and Harry E. Arnhold (1905- 1906). (see Frans-Paul van der Putten, Corporate Behaviour and Political Risk: Dutch companies in China, 1903-1941 (Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001):74.) Due to hostility to German companies as a consequence of World War I, and the seizure of German companies by the British and their allies, H.E. Arnhold and his brother, Charles Herbert Arnhold (born 19 September 1881 in London), "advertised themselves out of the well-known Anglo-German concern, Arnhold, Karberg & Co.". (see Edward Manico Gull, British Economic Interests in the Far East (International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1943):119; The Law Journal Reports 85 (E.B. Ince, 1916):133.), which had four equal partners: the two Arnhold brothers; Ernest Goetz, a Swiss born German subject; and Max Niclassen, of Berlin, Germany (see Ernest Charles Meldon Trehern and Albert Wallace Grant, Prize Cases Heard and Decided in the Prize Court During the Great War, Great Britain High Court of Justice, Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, High Court of Justice Vol. 1(Stevens, 1916):644-645). Initially they formed the firm of Messrs. H.E. Arnhold (China), but on 1 October 1917, they incorporated its successor, Arnhold Brothers Limited (China), in Hong Kong, under the British ordinances, but with headquarters in Shanghai (see Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association 18:11 (November 1918):984), which was reconstituted as a British company after 1919. Sir Victor Sassoon became the majority shareholder in 1923 after a merger (see C.R. Maguire, China Stock and Share Handbook (Office of the North-China Daily News and Herald, ltd., 1925, 100 for list of directors). According to Stella Dong, is "most attractive asset was the Cathay Land Company, ownership of which gave Sir Victor control of a number of apartment buildings and a hotel in the International Settlement as well as choice housing estates in the French Concession." (See Stella Dong, Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City 1842-1949 (HarperCollins, 2001):218-219). Arnhold's served as a front for Sassoon's political interests in the International Settlement. (See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132). Headquartered in the Arnhold Building at 6 Kiukiang Road, Shanghai (see Allister Macmillan, Seaports of the Far East: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts, Figures, & Resources, 2nd ed. (W.H. & L. Collingridge, 1925):57) until its relocation in 1930 to the third floor of Sassoon House at 1 Nanking Road (see Stanley Jackson, The Sassoons (Dutton, 1968):217; Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284.), Arnhold & Co. flourished until 1949 when, with the change of Government in China, the headquarters relocated to Hong Kong. Mr. Maurice Green who had been associated with the company since the Sassoon takeover, acquired the controlling interest in Arnhold in 1957 (see About Us; History).
Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132; see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf
Arnhold & Co., a trading company that became a leading distributor of building materials and engineering equipment, was founded as the German-registered Arnhold & Karberg & Co. in 1866 on Shameen Island in Canton (Guangzhou) by Jacob Arnhold and Peter Karsberg, and opened branches in Hong Kong (1867) and Shanghai (1881), and had 37 branches by 1901 (see see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf; and "About Arnhold: History'; http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/); including branches in Hankow, Tientsin (Tianjin), Peking (Beijing), Mukden, London and New York (see E. C. Knuth, The Empire of "The City": The Secret History of British Financial Power (Book Tree, 2006):72). From 1897 to 1910, at least one of the Arnhold family was chairman of the compamy's board of directors: Jacob Arnhold (1897-1900), Philipp Arnhold (1900-1905; and 1906-1910); and Harry E. Arnhold (1905- 1906). (see Frans-Paul van der Putten, Corporate Behaviour and Political Risk: Dutch companies in China, 1903-1941 (Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001):74.) Due to hostility to German companies as a consequence of World War I, and the seizure of German companies by the British and their allies, H.E. Arnhold and his brother, Charles Herbert Arnhold (born 19 September 1881 in London), "advertised themselves out of the well-known Anglo-German concern, Arnhold, Karberg & Co.". (see Edward Manico Gull, British Economic Interests in the Far East (International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1943):119; The Law Journal Reports 85 (E.B. Ince, 1916):133.), which had four equal partners: the two Arnhold brothers; Ernest Goetz, a Swiss born German subject; and Max Niclassen, of Berlin, Germany (see Ernest Charles Meldon Trehern and Albert Wallace Grant, Prize Cases Heard and Decided in the Prize Court During the Great War, Great Britain High Court of Justice, Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, High Court of Justice Vol. 1(Stevens, 1916):644-645). Initially they formed the firm of Messrs. H.E. Arnhold (China), but on 1 October 1917, they incorporated its successor, Arnhold Brothers Limited (China), in Hong Kong, under the British ordinances, but with headquarters in Shanghai (see Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association 18:11 (November 1918):984), which was reconstituted as a British company after 1919. Sir Victor Sassoon became the majority shareholder in 1923 after a merger (see C.R. Maguire, China Stock and Share Handbook (Office of the North-China Daily News and Herald, ltd., 1925, 100 for list of directors). According to Stella Dong, is "most attractive asset was the Cathay Land Company, ownership of which gave Sir Victor control of a number of apartment buildings and a hotel in the International Settlement as well as choice housing estates in the French Concession." (See Stella Dong, Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City 1842-1949 (HarperCollins, 2001):218-219). Arnhold's served as a front for Sassoon's political interests in the International Settlement. (See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132). Headquartered in the Arnhold Building at 6 Kiukiang Road, Shanghai (see Allister Macmillan, Seaports of the Far East: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts, Figures, & Resources, 2nd ed. (W.H. & L. Collingridge, 1925):57) until its relocation in 1930 to the third floor of Sassoon House at 1 Nanking Road (see Stanley Jackson, The Sassoons (Dutton, 1968):217; Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284.), Arnhold & Co. flourished until 1949 when, with the change of Government in China, the headquarters relocated to Hong Kong. Mr. Maurice Green who had been associated with the company since the Sassoon takeover, acquired the controlling interest in Arnhold in 1957 (see About Us; History).
Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture (watermark, 2008); quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History 1921-1949", Living Space; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture, quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History: Early Years to 1921" Living Space: real Estate, Design and Lifestyle; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月8日閲覧。
"Langham Hotels International Expands Into Shanghai With Its First Art-Deco Boutique Hotel"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2012年2月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
sycee-on-line.com
"SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited", The New York Times (19 August 1937):2; "The unit of Chinese currency is the yuan, a silver dollar loosely called Mexican. Since it fluctuates less in terms of Chinese commodities than in terms of gold, it is the only fair measure of Chinese values. Hence the dollars throughout this article are Mexican, unless otherwise indicated. The present value of the Mexican dollar is about thirty-four cents." See "The Shanghai Boom", Fortune 11:1 (January 1935); “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Chang Huei Hsin, "Essays of the History of Chinese Currencies", (Tai Young Publication Co. 1994); "Mexican Eagle Dollars"; http://www.sycee-on-line.com/Mexico_dollars.htm
talesofoldchina.com
"SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited", The New York Times (19 August 1937):2; "The unit of Chinese currency is the yuan, a silver dollar loosely called Mexican. Since it fluctuates less in terms of Chinese commodities than in terms of gold, it is the only fair measure of Chinese values. Hence the dollars throughout this article are Mexican, unless otherwise indicated. The present value of the Mexican dollar is about thirty-four cents." See "The Shanghai Boom", Fortune 11:1 (January 1935); “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Chang Huei Hsin, "Essays of the History of Chinese Currencies", (Tai Young Publication Co. 1994); "Mexican Eagle Dollars"; http://www.sycee-on-line.com/Mexico_dollars.htm
Fortune 11:1 (January 1935), reported 19,241 foreigners, plus 25,000 Russians. See “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。
"Men of Shanghai" Fortune (january 1935):115ff; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Ronald Kent Shelp and Al Ehrbar, Fallen Giant: The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIG (John Wiley and Sons, 2006):43.
"A Reporter Revisits Shanghai" Time (19 March 1973):2; http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906934,00.html; Fredric M. Kaplan, Arne J. De Keijzer, and Julian M. Sobin, The China Guidebook 1993-94, 13th ed. (Published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993):591.
"Langham Hotels International Expands Into Shanghai With Its First Art-Deco Boutique Hotel"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2012年2月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture (watermark, 2008); quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History 1921-1949", Living Space; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture, quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History: Early Years to 1921" Living Space: real Estate, Design and Lifestyle; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月8日閲覧。
Harold Abbott Rand Conant, "A Far East Journal (1915 - 1941)"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年10月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年12月5日閲覧。[HARC],
"SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited", The New York Times (19 August 1937):2; "The unit of Chinese currency is the yuan, a silver dollar loosely called Mexican. Since it fluctuates less in terms of Chinese commodities than in terms of gold, it is the only fair measure of Chinese values. Hence the dollars throughout this article are Mexican, unless otherwise indicated. The present value of the Mexican dollar is about thirty-four cents." See "The Shanghai Boom", Fortune 11:1 (January 1935); “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Chang Huei Hsin, "Essays of the History of Chinese Currencies", (Tai Young Publication Co. 1994); "Mexican Eagle Dollars"; http://www.sycee-on-line.com/Mexico_dollars.htm
Fortune 11:1 (January 1935), reported 19,241 foreigners, plus 25,000 Russians. See “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。
"Men of Shanghai" Fortune (january 1935):115ff; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Ronald Kent Shelp and Al Ehrbar, Fallen Giant: The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIG (John Wiley and Sons, 2006):43.
