“Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about?”. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse40 (6): 428–437. (November 2014). doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840. PMID25083822. "Propofol is a general anesthetic, however its abuse for recreational purpose has been documented (120). Using control drugs implicated in both ΔFosB induction and addiction (ethanol and nicotine), similar ΔFosB expression was apparent when propofol was given to rats. Moreover, this cascade was shown to act via the dopamine D1 receptor in the NAc, suggesting that propofol has abuse potential (119)"
“Propofol anaesthesia via target controlled infusion or manually controlled infusion: effects on the bispectral index as a measure of anaesthetic depth”. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care29 (6): 579–584. (December 2001). doi:10.1177/0310057X0102900602. ISSN0310-057X. PMID11771598.
“Compatibility of propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium mixtures designed for potential use in anesthesia and patient transport”. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia8 (4): 329–336. (June 1996). doi:10.1016/0952-8180(96)00043-8. PMID8695138.
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of moderate sedation for routine endoscopic procedures”. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy67 (6): 910–923. (May 2008). doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.12.046. PMID18440381.
“Propofol-based sedation regimen for infants and children undergoing ambulatory magnetic resonance imaging”. British Journal of Anaesthesia101 (2): 239–243. (August 2008). doi:10.1093/bja/aen153. PMID18534971.
“Ketamine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. Academic Emergency Medicine22 (9): 1003–1013. (September 2015). doi:10.1111/acem.12737. PMID26292077.
“Try, try, and try again: personal reflections on the development of propofol”. British Journal of Anaesthesia123 (1): 3–9. (July 2019). doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.02.031. PMID30982566.
“Propofol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and use as an intravenous anaesthetic”. Drugs35 (4): 334–372. (April 1988). doi:10.2165/00003495-198835040-00002. PMID3292208.
“Pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult patients undergoing coronary revascularization. The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group”. Anesthesiology84 (6): 1288–1297. (June 1996). doi:10.1097/00000542-199606000-00003. PMID8669668.
“New intravenous anaesthetics and neuromuscular blocking drugs. A review of their properties and clinical use”. Drugs34 (1): 98–135. (July 1987). doi:10.2165/00003495-198734010-00004. PMID3308413.
“Dystonic reaction to propofol attenuated by benztropine (cogentin)”. Anesthesia and Analgesia94 (5): 1237–40, table of contents. (May 2002). doi:10.1097/00000539-200205000-00034. PMID11973196.
“Propofol-induced priapism, a case confirmed with rechallenge”. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy40 (5): 980–982. (May 2006). doi:10.1345/aph.1G555. PMID16638914.
“Successful treatment of propofol-induced priapism with distal glans to corporal cavernosal shunt”. Urology74 (1): 113–115. (July 2009). doi:10.1016/j.urology.2008.12.066. PMID19371930.
“Effects of propofol on sleep quality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a physiological study”. Intensive Care Medicine38 (10): 1640–1646. (October 2012). doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2623-z. PMID22752356.
“Healthcare students interprofessional critical event/disaster response course”. American Journal of Disaster Medicine12 (1): 11–26. (1 January 2017). doi:10.5055/ajdm.2017.0254. PMID28822211.
“The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome”. Intensive Care Medicine29 (9): 1417–1425. (September 2003). doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1905-x. PMID12904852.
“Propofol in anesthesia. Mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery”. Current Medicinal Chemistry7 (2): 249–271. (February 2000). doi:10.2174/0929867003375335. PMID10637364.
“Propofol analogues. Synthesis, relationships between structure and affinity at GABAA receptor in rat brain, and differential electrophysiological profile at recombinant human GABAA receptors”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry41 (11): 1846–1854. (May 1998). doi:10.1021/jm970681h. PMID9599235.
“High-affinity block of voltage-operated rat IIA neuronal sodium channels by 2,6 di-tert-butylphenol, a propofol analogue”. European Journal of Anaesthesiology20 (3): 220–224. (March 2003). doi:10.1017/s0265021503000371. PMID12650493.
“Possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the actions of three clinically used drugs”. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences25 (2): 59–61. (February 2004). doi:10.1016/j.tips.2003.12.001. PMID15106622.
“Propofol induction reduces the capacity for neural information integration: implications for the mechanism of consciousness and general anesthesia”. Consciousness and Cognition18 (1): 56–64. (March 2009). doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.10.005. PMID19054696.
“Propofol metabolites in man following propofol induction and maintenance”. British Journal of Anaesthesia88 (5): 653–658. (May 2002). doi:10.1093/bja/88.5.653. PMID12067002.
“The comparative amnestic effects of midazolam, propofol, thiopental, and fentanyl at equisedative concentrations”. Anesthesiology87 (4): 749–764. (October 1997). doi:10.1097/00000542-199710000-00007. PMID9357875.
“Synthesis, biological evaluation, and preliminary structure-activity considerations of a series of alkylphenols as intravenous anesthetic agents”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry23 (12): 1350–1357. (December 1980). doi:10.1021/jm00186a013. PMID7452689.
“Hyaluronan can be protected from free-radical depolymerisation by 2,6-diisopropylphenol, a novel radical scavenger”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications193 (3): 927–933. (June 1993). doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1714. PMID8391811.
“A synopsis of multitarget therapeutic effects of anesthetics on depression”. European Journal of Pharmacology957: 176032. (October 2023). doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176032. PMID37660970.
“Death after excessive propofol abuse”. International Journal of Legal Medicine114 (4–5): 248–251. (2001). doi:10.1007/s004149900129. PMID11355404.
“Lethal self administration of propofol (Diprivan). A case report and review of the literature”. Forensic Science International167 (1): 56–58. (March 2007). doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.027. PMID16431058.
“Pharmacological and clinical evidences on the potential for abuse and dependence of propofol: a review of the literature”. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology21 (5): 459–466. (October 2007). doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00497.x. PMID17868199.
“Concerns mount over misuse of anaesthetic propofol among US health professionals”. BMJ339: b3673. (September 2009). doi:10.1136/bmj.b3673. PMID19737827.
World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. (2021). hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02
“Molecular neurobiology of addiction: what's all the (Δ)FosB about?”. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse40 (6): 428–437. (November 2014). doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840. PMID25083822. "Propofol is a general anesthetic, however its abuse for recreational purpose has been documented (120). Using control drugs implicated in both ΔFosB induction and addiction (ethanol and nicotine), similar ΔFosB expression was apparent when propofol was given to rats. Moreover, this cascade was shown to act via the dopamine D1 receptor in the NAc, suggesting that propofol has abuse potential (119)"
“Propofol anaesthesia via target controlled infusion or manually controlled infusion: effects on the bispectral index as a measure of anaesthetic depth”. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care29 (6): 579–584. (December 2001). doi:10.1177/0310057X0102900602. ISSN0310-057X. PMID11771598.
“Compatibility of propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium mixtures designed for potential use in anesthesia and patient transport”. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia8 (4): 329–336. (June 1996). doi:10.1016/0952-8180(96)00043-8. PMID8695138.
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of moderate sedation for routine endoscopic procedures”. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy67 (6): 910–923. (May 2008). doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.12.046. PMID18440381.
“Propofol-based sedation regimen for infants and children undergoing ambulatory magnetic resonance imaging”. British Journal of Anaesthesia101 (2): 239–243. (August 2008). doi:10.1093/bja/aen153. PMID18534971.
“Ketamine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. Academic Emergency Medicine22 (9): 1003–1013. (September 2015). doi:10.1111/acem.12737. PMID26292077.
“Try, try, and try again: personal reflections on the development of propofol”. British Journal of Anaesthesia123 (1): 3–9. (July 2019). doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.02.031. PMID30982566.
“Propofol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and use as an intravenous anaesthetic”. Drugs35 (4): 334–372. (April 1988). doi:10.2165/00003495-198835040-00002. PMID3292208.
“Pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult patients undergoing coronary revascularization. The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group”. Anesthesiology84 (6): 1288–1297. (June 1996). doi:10.1097/00000542-199606000-00003. PMID8669668.
“New intravenous anaesthetics and neuromuscular blocking drugs. A review of their properties and clinical use”. Drugs34 (1): 98–135. (July 1987). doi:10.2165/00003495-198734010-00004. PMID3308413.
“Dystonic reaction to propofol attenuated by benztropine (cogentin)”. Anesthesia and Analgesia94 (5): 1237–40, table of contents. (May 2002). doi:10.1097/00000539-200205000-00034. PMID11973196.
“Propofol-induced priapism, a case confirmed with rechallenge”. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy40 (5): 980–982. (May 2006). doi:10.1345/aph.1G555. PMID16638914.
“Successful treatment of propofol-induced priapism with distal glans to corporal cavernosal shunt”. Urology74 (1): 113–115. (July 2009). doi:10.1016/j.urology.2008.12.066. PMID19371930.
“Effects of propofol on sleep quality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a physiological study”. Intensive Care Medicine38 (10): 1640–1646. (October 2012). doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2623-z. PMID22752356.
“Healthcare students interprofessional critical event/disaster response course”. American Journal of Disaster Medicine12 (1): 11–26. (1 January 2017). doi:10.5055/ajdm.2017.0254. PMID28822211.
“The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome”. Intensive Care Medicine29 (9): 1417–1425. (September 2003). doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1905-x. PMID12904852.
“Propofol in anesthesia. Mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery”. Current Medicinal Chemistry7 (2): 249–271. (February 2000). doi:10.2174/0929867003375335. PMID10637364.
“Propofol analogues. Synthesis, relationships between structure and affinity at GABAA receptor in rat brain, and differential electrophysiological profile at recombinant human GABAA receptors”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry41 (11): 1846–1854. (May 1998). doi:10.1021/jm970681h. PMID9599235.
“General anesthetic potencies of a series of propofol analogs correlate with potency for potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) current at the GABA(A) receptor but not with lipid solubility”. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics297 (1): 338–351. (April 2001). PMID11259561.
“High-affinity block of voltage-operated rat IIA neuronal sodium channels by 2,6 di-tert-butylphenol, a propofol analogue”. European Journal of Anaesthesiology20 (3): 220–224. (March 2003). doi:10.1017/s0265021503000371. PMID12650493.
“Possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the actions of three clinically used drugs”. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences25 (2): 59–61. (February 2004). doi:10.1016/j.tips.2003.12.001. PMID15106622.
“Propofol induction reduces the capacity for neural information integration: implications for the mechanism of consciousness and general anesthesia”. Consciousness and Cognition18 (1): 56–64. (March 2009). doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.10.005. PMID19054696.
“Propofol metabolites in man following propofol induction and maintenance”. British Journal of Anaesthesia88 (5): 653–658. (May 2002). doi:10.1093/bja/88.5.653. PMID12067002.
“The comparative amnestic effects of midazolam, propofol, thiopental, and fentanyl at equisedative concentrations”. Anesthesiology87 (4): 749–764. (October 1997). doi:10.1097/00000542-199710000-00007. PMID9357875.
“Synthesis, biological evaluation, and preliminary structure-activity considerations of a series of alkylphenols as intravenous anesthetic agents”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry23 (12): 1350–1357. (December 1980). doi:10.1021/jm00186a013. PMID7452689.
“Hyaluronan can be protected from free-radical depolymerisation by 2,6-diisopropylphenol, a novel radical scavenger”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications193 (3): 927–933. (June 1993). doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1714. PMID8391811.
“A synopsis of multitarget therapeutic effects of anesthetics on depression”. European Journal of Pharmacology957: 176032. (October 2023). doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176032. PMID37660970.
“Death after excessive propofol abuse”. International Journal of Legal Medicine114 (4–5): 248–251. (2001). doi:10.1007/s004149900129. PMID11355404.
“Lethal self administration of propofol (Diprivan). A case report and review of the literature”. Forensic Science International167 (1): 56–58. (March 2007). doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.027. PMID16431058.
“Pharmacological and clinical evidences on the potential for abuse and dependence of propofol: a review of the literature”. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology21 (5): 459–466. (October 2007). doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00497.x. PMID17868199.
“Concerns mount over misuse of anaesthetic propofol among US health professionals”. BMJ339: b3673. (September 2009). doi:10.1136/bmj.b3673. PMID19737827.
“Propofol anaesthesia via target controlled infusion or manually controlled infusion: effects on the bispectral index as a measure of anaesthetic depth”. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care29 (6): 579–584. (December 2001). doi:10.1177/0310057X0102900602. ISSN0310-057X. PMID11771598.
