Renders, Marleen; Terlinden, Ulf. “Chapter 9: Negotiating Statehood in a Hybrid Political Order: The Case of Somaliland”. In Hagmann, Tobias. Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa. p. 191. http://asia-abdulkadir.de/docs/RendersTerlinden2010.pdf2012年1月21日閲覧. "Awdal in western Somaliland is situated between Djibouti, Ethiopia and the Issaq-populated mainland of Somaliland. It is primarily inhabited by the three sub-clans of the Gadabursi clan, whose traditional institutions survived the colonial period, Somali statehood and the war in good shape, remaining functionally intact and highly relevant to public security."
