Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2008). “Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continen t”. Language and Linguistics Compass2 (5): 840–858. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00085.x. ISSN1749-818X.
Güldemann, Tom (2018). “Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa”. In Güldemann, Tom. The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN978-3-11-042606-9. "Overall, unless more robust and systematic evidence is brought forward, the long-standing but vague idea that Mande is distant from the rest of Niger-Kordofanian as one of its earliest offshoots should give way to the neutral assessment that it is a family without a proven genealogical affiliation (p. 192)."
Delafosse, Maurice (1901). Essai de manuel pratique de la langue mandé ou mandingue .... Institut national de langues et civilisations orientales. OCLC461494818
Kastenholz, Raimund (1996). Sprachgeschichte im West-Mande: Methoden und Rekonstruktionen. Köln: Köppe. pp. 281. ISBN978-3-89645-071-5. OCLC42295840
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Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2008). “Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continen t”. Language and Linguistics Compass2 (5): 840–858. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00085.x. ISSN1749-818X.
