Schmidt, D.C. (February 2006). “Model-Driven Engineering”. IEEE Computer39 (2). http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/GEI.pdf2006年5月16日閲覧。., "A promising approach to address platform complexity—and the inability of third-generation languages to alleviate this complexity and express domain concepts effectively—is to develop Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) technologies..."