光速 (Japanese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "光速" in Japanese language version.

Last modified: 20:32:50, 19 June 2026 (UTC)

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ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004-01-06). “Quantum information and relativity theory” (英語). Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). “E = mc²” (英語). American Journal of Physics 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mendelson, K. S. (2006). “The story of c”. American Journal of Physics 74 (11): 995–997. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..995M. doi:10.1119/1.2238887. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). “"c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Einstein, A. (1905). “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” (ドイツ語). Annalen der Physik 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004.
- Terrell, J. (1959). “Invisibility of the Lorentz Contraction”. Physical Review 116 (4): 1041–1045. Bibcode:1959PhRv..116.1041T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.1041.
- Penrose, R. (1959). “The Apparent Shape of a Relativistically Moving Sphere”. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 55 (1): 137–139. Bibcode:1959PCPS...55..137P. doi:10.1017/S0305004100033776.
- See, for example:
  - Abbott, B. P. (2017). “Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
  - Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). “'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?”. American Journal of Physics 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. "The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today."
  - Mota, D. F. (2006). Variations of the Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time (PhD). arXiv:astro-ph/0401631. Bibcode:2004astro.ph..1631M.
  - Uzan, J.-P. (2003). “The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403.
  - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
  - Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). “Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level”. Physical Review D 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011.
  - Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). “Optical Precursor of a Single Photon”. Physical Review Letters 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.
  - Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). “Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality”. Annals of Physics 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233.
  - See, for example:
    - Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). “Causality between conducting plates” (英語). Physics Letters B 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.
    - Wynne, K. (2002). “Causality and the nature of information”. Optics Communications 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3.
    - Rees, M. (1966). “The Appearance of Relativistically Expanding Radio Sources”. Nature 211 (5048): 468. Bibcode:1966Natur.211..468R. doi:10.1038/211468a0.
    - OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). “Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam”. Journal of High Energy Physics 2012 (10): 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093.
    - See, for example:
      - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). “Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency”. Physical Review Letters 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964.
      - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). “Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices”. Physical Review Letters 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459.
      - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2009). “Astrophysics: Burst of support for relativity”. Nature 462 (7271): 291–292. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..291A. doi:10.1038/462291a. PMID 19924200.
      - Toll, J. S. (1956). “Causality and the Dispersion Relation: Logical Foundations”. Physical Review 104 (6): 1760–1770. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104.1760T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1760.
      - Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). “Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas” (英語). American Journal of Physics 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
      - See, for example:
        Hau, L. V.; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Z.; Behroozi, C. H. (1999). “Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas”. Nature 397 (6720): 594–598. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..594V. doi:10.1038/17561.
        See, for example:
        Chiao, R. Y. (1993). “Superluminal (but causal) propagation of wave packets in transparent media with inverted atomic populations”. Physical Review A 48 (1): R34–R37. Bibcode:1993PhRvA..48...34C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R34. PMID 9909684.
        Buchanan, Mark (11 February 2015). “Physics in finance: Trading at the speed of light”. Nature 518 (7538): 161–163. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..161B. doi:10.1038/518161a. PMID 25673397.
        Dickey, J. O. (July 1994). “Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program”. Science 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305etal
        Standish, E. M. (February 1982). “The JPL planetary ephemerides”. Celestial Mechanics 26 (2): 181–186. Bibcode:1982CeMec..26..181S. doi:10.1007/BF01230883.
        See, for example:
        Cooke, J.; Martin, M.; McCartney, H.; Wilf, B. (1968). “Direct determination of the speed of light as a general physics laboratory experiment”. American Journal of Physics 36 (9): 847. Bibcode:1968AmJPh..36..847C. doi:10.1119/1.1975166.
        Essen, L.; Gordon-Smith, A. C. (1948). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 194 (1038): 348–361. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.194..348E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0085. JSTOR 98293.
        Essen, L. (1947). “Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves”. Nature 159 (4044): 611–612. Bibcode:1947Natur.159..611E. doi:10.1038/159611a0.
        Essen, L. (1950). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 204 (1077): 260–277. Bibcode:1950RSPSA.204..260E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1950.0172. JSTOR 98433.
        Stauffer, R. H. (April 1997). “Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows”. The Physics Teacher 35 (4): 231. Bibcode:1997PhTea..35..231S. doi:10.1119/1.2344657 2010年2月15日閲覧。.
        Froome, K. D. (1958). “A New Determination of the Free-Space Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 247 (1248): 109–122. Bibcode:1958RSPSA.247..109F. doi:10.1098/rspa.1958.0172. JSTOR 100591.
        Evenson, K. M. (1972). “Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements of the Methane-Stabilized Laser”. Physical Review Letters 29 (19): 1346–1349. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..29.1346E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.1346etal
        Michelson, A. A. (1927). “Measurement of the Velocity of Light Between Mount Wilson and Mount San Antonio”. The Astrophysical Journal 65: 1. Bibcode:1927ApJ....65....1M. doi:10.1086/143021.
        Kirchhoff, G. (1857). “Über die Bewegung der Elektricität”. Annalen der Physik 178 (12): 529–244. Bibcode:1857AnP...178..529K. doi:10.1002/andp.18571781203.
        Watson, E. C. (1957-09-01). “On the Relations between Light and Electricity”. American Journal of Physics 25 (6): 335–343. Bibcode:1957AmJPh..25..335W. doi:10.1119/1.1934460. ISSN 0002-9505. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1934460.

aist.go.jp (Global: low place; Japanese: 999^th place)

unit.aist.go.jp

国際度量衡局 (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, オリジナルの2006-06-18時点におけるアーカイブ。（日本語訳：産業技術総合研究所計量標準総合センター, 国際文書第8版国際単位系(SI) 日本語版, ISBN 978-4-542-30182-5, オリジナルの2019-10-08時点におけるアーカイブ。）

aps.org (Global: 1,264^th place; Japanese: 2,072^nd place)

link.aps.org

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004-01-06). “Quantum information and relativity theory” (英語). Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861.

physics.aps.org

Voss, David (2011年6月16日). “Single photons obey the speed limits” (英語). Physics. pp. s88. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.243602. 2025年4月17日閲覧。

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Japanese: 87^th place)

Penrose, R (2004). The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Vintage Books. pp. 410–411. ISBN 978-0-679-77631-4. "... the most accurate standard for the metre is conveniently defined so that there are exactly 299792458 of them to the distance travelled by light in a standard second, giving a value for the metre that very accurately matches the now inadequately precise standard metre rule in Paris."
d'Inverno, R. (1992). Introducing Einstein's Relativity. Oxford University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-19-859686-8
Hartle, J. B. (2003). Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. pp. 52–59. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4
Hartle, J. B. (2003). Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. p. 332. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4
Taylor, E. F.; Wheeler, J. A. (1992). Spacetime Physics. W. H. Freeman. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-0-7167-2327-1
Zhang, Y. Z. (1997). Special Relativity and Its Experimental Foundations. Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science. 4. World Scientific. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4 2009年7月23日閲覧。
See, for example:
- Sakurai, J. J. (1994). Tuan, S. F.. ed. Modern Quantum Mechanics (Revised ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-201-53929-5
- Panofsky, W. K. H.; Phillips, M. (1962). Classical Electricity and Magnetism. Addison-Wesley. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-201-05702-7
- Duffett-Smith, P. (1988). Practical Astronomy with your Calculator. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-35699-2
- Huygens, C. (1690) (フランス語). Traitée de la Lumière. Pierre van der Aa. pp. 8–9
- Darrigol, O. (2000). Electrodynamics from Ampére to Einstein. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850594-5
- Miller, A. I. (1981). Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. Emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905–1911). Addison–Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-04679-3

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Japanese: 115^th place)

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004-01-06). “Quantum information and relativity theory” (英語). Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861.
See, for example:
- Abbott, B. P. (2017). “Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
- Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). “'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?”. American Journal of Physics 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. "The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today."
- Mota, D. F. (2006). Variations of the Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time (PhD). arXiv:astro-ph/0401631. Bibcode:2004astro.ph..1631M.
- Uzan, J.-P. (2003). “The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403.
- Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
- Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). “Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level”. Physical Review D 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011.
- Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). “Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality”. Annals of Physics 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233.
- OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). “Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam”. Journal of High Energy Physics 2012 (10): 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093.
- See, for example:
  - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). “Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency”. Physical Review Letters 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964.
  - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). “Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices”. Physical Review Letters 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Japanese: 72^nd place)

“BBC Look East at the speed of light”. BBC Norfolk website. 2010年2月15日閲覧。

bipm.org (Global: 1,781^st place; Japanese: 2,429^th place)

国際度量衡局 (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, オリジナルの2006-06-18時点におけるアーカイブ。（日本語訳：産業技術総合研究所計量標準総合センター, 国際文書第8版国際単位系(SI) 日本語版, ISBN 978-4-542-30182-5, オリジナルの2019-10-08時点におけるアーカイブ。）
SI国際文書、第9版（2019）Ver.2.01 pp.117-216、英語版、BIPM
“Resolution 1 of the 17th CGPM”. BIPM (1983年). 2009年8月23日閲覧。
“Supplement 2014: Updates to the 8th edition (2006) of the SI Brochure”. The International System of Units (International Bureau of Weights and Measures): 14. (2014).
“Resolution 1 of the 15th CGPM”. BIPM (1967年). 2021年4月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年3月14日閲覧。
“Resolution 6 of the 15th CGPM”. BIPM (1967年). 2010年10月13日閲覧。
“Resolution 2 of the 15th CGPM”. BIPM (1975年). 2009年9月9日閲覧。
“The "explicit-constant" formulation”. BIPM (2011年). 2014年8月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月28日閲覧。

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Japanese: 1,127^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Japanese: 40^th place)

Moses Fayngold (2008). Special Relativity and How it Works (illustrated ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 497. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4
Albert Shadowitz (1988). Special Relativity (revised ed.). Courier Corporation. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-486-65743-1
Stachel, J. J. (2002). Einstein from "B" to "Z" – Volume 9 of Einstein studies. Springer. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-8176-4143-6
See, for example:
- Lide, D. R. (2004). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9
- See, for example:
  - Sydenham, P. H. (2003). “Measurement of length”. In Boyes, W. Instrumentation Reference Book (3 ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7506-7123-1. "... if the speed of light is defined as a fixed number then, in principle, the time standard will serve as the length standard ..."
  - Lawrie, I. D. (2002). “Appendix C: Natural units”. A Unified Grand Tour of Theoretical Physics (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 540. ISBN 978-0-7503-0604-1
  - Hsu, L. (2006). “Appendix A: Systems of units and the development of relativity theories”. A Broader View of Relativity: General Implications of Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance (2 ed.). World Scientific. pp. 427–428. ISBN 978-981-256-651-5
  - Sriranjan, B. (2004). “Postulates of the special theory of relativity and their consequences”. The Special Theory to Relativity. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. pp. 20ff. ISBN 978-81-203-1963-9
  - Lang, K. R. (1999). Astrophysical formulae (3 ed.). Birkhäuser. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-540-29692-8
  - Hsu, J.-P.; Zhang, Y. Z. (2001). Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance. Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science. 8. World Scientific. pp. 543ff. ISBN 978-981-02-4721-8
  - Quimby, R. S. (2006). Photonics and lasers: an introduction. John Wiley and Sons. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-471-71974-8
  - Muga, J. G.; Mayato; Egusquiza, eds (2007). Time in Quantum Mechanics. Springer. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-540-73472-7
  - Hernández-Figueroa, H. E.; Zamboni-Rached, M.; Recami, E. (2007). Localized Waves. Wiley Interscience. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-470-10885-7
  - Harrison, E. R. (2003). Masks of the Universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-521-77351-5
  - Sidharth, B. G. (2008). The Thermodynamic Universe. World Scientific. p. 134. ISBN 978-981-281-234-6
  - Milonni, Peter W. (2004). Fast light, slow light and left-handed light. CRC Press. pp. 25 ff. ISBN 978-0-7503-0926-4
  - de Podesta, M. (2002). Understanding the Properties of Matter. CRC Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-415-25788-6
  - Parhami, B. (1999). Introduction to parallel processing: algorithms and architectures. Plenum Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-306-45970-2
  - Imbs, D.; Raynal, Michel (2009). Malyshkin, V. (ed.). Software Transactional Memories: An Approach for Multicore Programming. 10th International Conference, PaCT 2009, Novosibirsk, Russia, 31 August – 4 September 2009. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-642-03274-5.
  - Hughes, Stephan (2012). Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens. ArtDeCiel Publishing. pp. 210. ISBN 978-1-62050-961-6
  - Vaughan, J. M. (1989). The Fabry-Perot interferometer. CRC Press. pp. 47, 384–391. ISBN 978-0-85274-138-2
  - Weiner, John; Nunes, Frederico (2013). Light-Matter Interaction: Physics and Engineering at the Nanoscale (illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-856766-0
  - Sarton, G. (1993). Ancient science through the golden age of Greece. Courier Dover. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-486-27495-9
  - Ahmed, Sherif Sayed (2014). Electronic Microwave Imaging with Planar Multistatic Arrays. Logos Verlag Berlin. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-8325-3621-3
  - Lindberg, D. C. (1996). Roger Bacon and the origins of Perspectiva in the Middle Ages: a critical edition and English translation of Bacon's Perspectiva, with introduction and notes. Oxford University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-19-823992-5
  - Lindberg, D. C. (1974). “Late Thirteenth-Century Synthesis in Optics”. In Edward Grant. A source book in medieval science. Harvard University Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-674-82360-0
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  - See, for example:
    - Giordano, Nicholas J. (2009). College physics: reasoning and relationships. Cengage Learning. p. 787. ISBN 978-0-534-42471-8
    - Consoli, Maurizio; Pluchino, Alessandro (2018). Michelson-Morley Experiments: An Enigma for Physics & The History of Science. World Scientific. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-9-813-27818-9 2020年5月4日閲覧。
    - Taylor, E. F.; Wheeler, J. A. (1992). Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity (2 ed.). Macmillan. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-7167-2327-1
    - Adams, S. (1997). Relativity: An Introduction to Space–Time Physics. CRC Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7484-0621-0. "One peculiar consequence of this system of definitions is that any future refinement in our ability to measure c will not change the speed of light (which is a defined number), but will change the length of the meter!"
    - Rindler, W. (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-856731-8. "Note that [...] improvements in experimental accuracy will modify the meter relative to atomic wavelengths, but not the value of the speed of light!"

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; Japanese: 749^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). “Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas” (英語). American Journal of Physics 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; Japanese: 715^th place)

Standish, E. M. (June 2004). “The Astronomical Unit now” (英語). Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.

cms-conferences.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

openaccess.cms-conferences.org

Parisi, Megan; Panontin, Tina; Wu, Shu-Chieh; Mctigue, Kaitlin; Vera, Alonso (2023). “Effects of Communication Delay on Human Spaceflight Missions”. Human-Centered Aerospace Systems and Sustainability Applications (AHFE Open Acces) 98. doi:10.54941/ahfe1003920. ISBN 978-1-958651-74-2.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Japanese: 3^rd place)

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004-01-06). “Quantum information and relativity theory” (英語). Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). “E = mc²” (英語). American Journal of Physics 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mendelson, K. S. (2006). “The story of c”. American Journal of Physics 74 (11): 995–997. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..995M. doi:10.1119/1.2238887. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). “"c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Einstein, A. (1905). “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” (ドイツ語). Annalen der Physik 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004.
- Terrell, J. (1959). “Invisibility of the Lorentz Contraction”. Physical Review 116 (4): 1041–1045. Bibcode:1959PhRv..116.1041T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.1041.
- Penrose, R. (1959). “The Apparent Shape of a Relativistically Moving Sphere”. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 55 (1): 137–139. Bibcode:1959PCPS...55..137P. doi:10.1017/S0305004100033776.
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  - Abbott, B. P. (2017). “Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
  - Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). “'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?”. American Journal of Physics 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. "The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today."
  - Uzan, J.-P. (2003). “The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403.
  - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
  - Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). “Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level”. Physical Review D 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011.
  - Voss, David (2011年6月16日). “Single photons obey the speed limits” (英語). Physics. pp. s88. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.243602. 2025年4月17日閲覧。
  - Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). “Optical Precursor of a Single Photon”. Physical Review Letters 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.
  - Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). “Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality”. Annals of Physics 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233.
  - See, for example:
    - Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). “Causality between conducting plates” (英語). Physics Letters B 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.
    - Wynne, K. (2002). “Causality and the nature of information”. Optics Communications 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3.
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    - Reich, Eugenie Samuel (2 April 2012). “Embattled neutrino project leaders step down”. Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10371 2022年2月11日閲覧。.
    - OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). “Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam”. Journal of High Energy Physics 2012 (10): 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093.
    - Steinhardt, Paul J. (2011). Scientific American 304 (4). doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0411-36.
    - See, for example:
      - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). “Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency”. Physical Review Letters 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964.
      - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). “Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices”. Physical Review Letters 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459.
      - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2009). “Astrophysics: Burst of support for relativity”. Nature 462 (7271): 291–292. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..291A. doi:10.1038/462291a. PMID 19924200.
      - Toll, J. S. (1956). “Causality and the Dispersion Relation: Logical Foundations”. Physical Review 104 (6): 1760–1770. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104.1760T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1760.
      - Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). “Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas” (英語). American Journal of Physics 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
      - See, for example:
        Hau, L. V.; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Z.; Behroozi, C. H. (1999). “Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas”. Nature 397 (6720): 594–598. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..594V. doi:10.1038/17561.
        See, for example:
        Chiao, R. Y. (1993). “Superluminal (but causal) propagation of wave packets in transparent media with inverted atomic populations”. Physical Review A 48 (1): R34–R37. Bibcode:1993PhRvA..48...34C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R34. PMID 9909684.
        Buchanan, Mark (11 February 2015). “Physics in finance: Trading at the speed of light”. Nature 518 (7538): 161–163. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..161B. doi:10.1038/518161a. PMID 25673397.
        Parisi, Megan; Panontin, Tina; Wu, Shu-Chieh; Mctigue, Kaitlin; Vera, Alonso (2023). “Effects of Communication Delay on Human Spaceflight Missions”. Human-Centered Aerospace Systems and Sustainability Applications (AHFE Open Acces) 98. doi:10.54941/ahfe1003920. ISBN 978-1-958651-74-2.
        Dickey, J. O. (July 1994). “Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program”. Science 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305etal
        Standish, E. M. (February 1982). “The JPL planetary ephemerides”. Celestial Mechanics 26 (2): 181–186. Bibcode:1982CeMec..26..181S. doi:10.1007/BF01230883.
        Berner, J. B.; Bryant, S. H.; Kinman, P. W. (November 2007). “Range Measurement as Practiced in the Deep Space Network”. Proceedings of the IEEE 95 (11): 2202–2214. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2007.905128.
        Cohen, I. B. (1940). “Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)”. Isis 31 (2): 327–379. doi:10.1086/347594. hdl:2027/uc1.b4375710.
        Standish, E. M. (June 2004). “The Astronomical Unit now” (英語). Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.
        Brumfiel, Geoff (14 September 2012). “The astronomical unit gets fixed” (英語). Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11416. ISSN 1476-4687.
        See, for example:
        Cooke, J.; Martin, M.; McCartney, H.; Wilf, B. (1968). “Direct determination of the speed of light as a general physics laboratory experiment”. American Journal of Physics 36 (9): 847. Bibcode:1968AmJPh..36..847C. doi:10.1119/1.1975166.
        Essen, L.; Gordon-Smith, A. C. (1948). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 194 (1038): 348–361. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.194..348E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0085. JSTOR 98293.
        Rosa, E. B.; Dorsey, N. E. (1907). “A new determination of the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity”. Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards 3 (6): 433. doi:10.6028/bulletin.070.
        Essen, L. (1947). “Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves”. Nature 159 (4044): 611–612. Bibcode:1947Natur.159..611E. doi:10.1038/159611a0.
        Essen, L. (1950). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 204 (1077): 260–277. Bibcode:1950RSPSA.204..260E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1950.0172. JSTOR 98433.
        Stauffer, R. H. (April 1997). “Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows”. The Physics Teacher 35 (4): 231. Bibcode:1997PhTea..35..231S. doi:10.1119/1.2344657 2010年2月15日閲覧。.
        Froome, K. D. (1958). “A New Determination of the Free-Space Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 247 (1248): 109–122. Bibcode:1958RSPSA.247..109F. doi:10.1098/rspa.1958.0172. JSTOR 100591.
        Evenson, K. M. (1972). “Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements of the Methane-Stabilized Laser”. Physical Review Letters 29 (19): 1346–1349. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..29.1346E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.1346etal
        Boyer, C. B. (1941). “Early Estimates of the Velocity of Light”. Isis 33 (1): 24. doi:10.1086/358523.
        Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (2009), “Galileo, measurement of the velocity of light, and the reaction times”, Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259, doi:10.1068/p6263, hdl:2318/132957, PMID 19817156
        Buchwald, Jed; Yeang, Chen-Pang; Stemeroff, Noah; Barton, Jenifer; Harrington, Quinn (2021-03-01). “What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888” (英語). Archive for History of Exact Sciences 75 (2): 125–171. doi:10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1. ISSN 1432-0657.
        Michelson, A. A. (1927). “Measurement of the Velocity of Light Between Mount Wilson and Mount San Antonio”. The Astrophysical Journal 65: 1. Bibcode:1927ApJ....65....1M. doi:10.1086/143021.
        MacKay, R. H.; Oldford, R. W. (2000). “Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light”. Statistical Science 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817.
        Gross, C. G. (1999). “The Fire That Comes from the Eye”. Neuroscientist 5: 58–64. doi:10.1177/107385849900500108.
        Hamarneh, S. (1972). “Review: Hakim Mohammed Said, Ibn al-Haitham”. Isis 63 (1): 119. doi:10.1086/350861.
        Marshall, P. (1981). “Nicole Oresme on the Nature, Reflection, and Speed of Light”. Isis 72 (3): 357–374 [367–374]. doi:10.1086/352787.
        Sakellariadis, Spyros (1982). “Descartes' Experimental Proof of the Infinite Velocity of Light and Huygens' Rejoinder”. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 26 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/BF00348308. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133639. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133639.
        Smith, A. Mark (1987). “Descartes's Theory of Light and Refraction: A Discourse on Method”. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 77 (3): i–92. doi:10.2307/1006537. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 1006537. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006537.
        Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). “Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times” (英語). Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156.
        Guarnieri, M. (2015). “Two Millennia of Light: The Long Path to Maxwell's Waves”. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 9 (2): 54–56, 60. doi:10.1109/MIE.2015.2421754.
        Kirchhoff, G. (1857). “Über die Bewegung der Elektricität”. Annalen der Physik 178 (12): 529–244. Bibcode:1857AnP...178..529K. doi:10.1002/andp.18571781203.
        Watson, E. C. (1957-09-01). “On the Relations between Light and Electricity”. American Journal of Physics 25 (6): 335–343. Bibcode:1957AmJPh..25..335W. doi:10.1119/1.1934460. ISSN 0002-9505. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1934460.
        Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. (1887). “On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether”. American Journal of Science 34 (203): 333–345. doi:10.1366/0003702874447824. https://zenodo.org/record/1450078.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; Japanese: 880^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

See, for example:
- Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). “Causality between conducting plates” (英語). Physics Letters B 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; Japanese: 1,805^th place)

blogs.esa.int

Ormston (2012年5月8日). “Time delay between Mars and Earth – Mars Express” (英語). MARS EXPRESS ESA’s mission to the Red Planet. 2024年7月16日閲覧。

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; Japanese: 761^st place)

“Time is money when it comes to microwaves”. Financial Times. 10 May 2013. 2022年12月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2014年4月25日閲覧.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; Japanese: 1,088^th place)

“Time is money when it comes to microwaves”. Financial Times. 10 May 2013. 2022年12月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ. 2014年4月25日閲覧.

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; Japanese: 1,936^th place)

babel.hathitrust.org

Cohen, I. B. (1940). “Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)”. Isis 31 (2): 327–379. doi:10.1086/347594. hdl:2027/uc1.b4375710.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Japanese: 71^st place)

Cohen, I. B. (1940). “Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)”. Isis 31 (2): 327–379. doi:10.1086/347594. hdl:2027/uc1.b4375710.
Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (2009), “Galileo, measurement of the velocity of light, and the reaction times”, Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259, doi:10.1068/p6263, hdl:2318/132957, PMID 19817156
Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). “Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times” (英語). Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156.

iau.org (Global: 745^th place; Japanese: 1,385^th place)

“The IAU and astronomical units”. International Astronomical Union. 2010年10月11日閲覧。
“Resolution B2 on the re-definition of the astronomical unit of length”. International Astronomical Union (2012年). 2012年9月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月25日閲覧。

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; Japanese: 1,124^th place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). “"c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.

imss.fi.it (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

brunelleschi.imss.fi.it

Magalotti, Lorenzo (2001) [1667], Saggi di Naturali Esperienze fatte nell' Accademia del Cimento (digital, online ed.), Florence: Istituto e Museo di Storia delle Scienze, pp. 265–266 2015年9月25日閲覧。

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Japanese: 202^nd place)

Essen, L.; Gordon-Smith, A. C. (1948). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 194 (1038): 348–361. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.194..348E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0085. JSTOR 98293.
Essen, L. (1950). “The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 204 (1077): 260–277. Bibcode:1950RSPSA.204..260E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1950.0172. JSTOR 98433.
Froome, K. D. (1958). “A New Determination of the Free-Space Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 247 (1248): 109–122. Bibcode:1958RSPSA.247..109F. doi:10.1098/rspa.1958.0172. JSTOR 100591.
Sakellariadis, Spyros (1982). “Descartes' Experimental Proof of the Infinite Velocity of Light and Huygens' Rejoinder”. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 26 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/BF00348308. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133639. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133639.
Smith, A. Mark (1987). “Descartes's Theory of Light and Refraction: A Discourse on Method”. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 77 (3): i–92. doi:10.2307/1006537. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 1006537. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006537.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Japanese: 126^th place)

nasa.gov

“Hubble Reaches the "Undiscovered Country" of Primeval Galaxies” (Press release). Space Telescope Science Institute. 5 January 2010.
“The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Lithograph”. NASA. 2010年2月4日閲覧。

trs.jpl.nasa.gov

Dickey, J. O. (July 1994). “Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program”. Science 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305etal
Berner, J. B.; Bryant, S. H.; Kinman, P. W. (November 2007). “Range Measurement as Practiced in the Deep Space Network”. Proceedings of the IEEE 95 (11): 2202–2214. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2007.905128.

history.nasa.gov

“Day 4: Lunar Orbits 7, 8 and 9”. The Apollo 8 Flight Journal. NASA. 2011年1月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年12月16日閲覧。

starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov

Further discussion can be found at “StarChild Question of the Month for March 2000”. StarChild. NASA (2000年). 2009年8月22日閲覧。

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Japanese: 332^nd place)

news.harvard.edu (Global: 3,696^th place; Japanese: 9,255^th place)

Cromie (2001年1月24日). “Researchers now able to stop, restart light”. Harvard University Gazette. 2011年10月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年11月8日閲覧。

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Japanese: 11^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). “Optical Precursor of a Single Photon”. Physical Review Letters 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.
Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). “Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices”. Physical Review Letters 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459.
Amelino-Camelia, G. (2009). “Astrophysics: Burst of support for relativity”. Nature 462 (7271): 291–292. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..291A. doi:10.1038/462291a. PMID 19924200.
See, for example:
- Chiao, R. Y. (1993). “Superluminal (but causal) propagation of wave packets in transparent media with inverted atomic populations”. Physical Review A 48 (1): R34–R37. Bibcode:1993PhRvA..48...34C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R34. PMID 9909684.
- Buchanan, Mark (11 February 2015). “Physics in finance: Trading at the speed of light”. Nature 518 (7538): 161–163. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..161B. doi:10.1038/518161a. PMID 25673397.
- Dickey, J. O. (July 1994). “Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program”. Science 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305etal
- Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (2009), “Galileo, measurement of the velocity of light, and the reaction times”, Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259, doi:10.1068/p6263, hdl:2318/132957, PMID 19817156
- Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). “Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times” (英語). Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology”. Living Reviews in Relativity 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; Japanese: 833^rd place)

physics.nist.gov

speed of light in vacuum 記号が $c$ となっている。Fundamental Physical Constants, The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
“Definitions of the SI base units”. physics.nist.gov (2019年5月29日). 2022年2月8日閲覧。

nvl.nist.gov

Sullivan, D. B. (2001). “Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements”. In Lide, D. R.. A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology. CRC Press. pp. 191–193. ISBN 978-0-8493-1247-2. オリジナルの13 August 2009時点におけるアーカイブ。

nist.gov

Penzes (2009年). “Time Line for the Definition of the Meter”. NIST. 2010年1月11日閲覧。

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Japanese: 51^st place)

Wertheim, M. (20 June 2007). “The Shadow Goes”. The New York Times. 2009年8月21日閲覧.

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- Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). “Causality between conducting plates” (英語). Physics Letters B 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.

pingdom.com (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

royal.pingdom.com

“Theoretical vs real-world speed limit of Ping”. Pingdom (2007年6月). 2010年9月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年5月5日閲覧。

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; Japanese: 5,306^th place)

Galilei, G. (1954) [1638]. Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences. Crew, H.; de Salvio A. (trans.). Dover Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-486-60099-4. オリジナルの30 January 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年1月29日閲覧。

refractiveindex.info (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

“Optical constants of H₂O, D₂O (Water, heavy water, ice)”. refractiveindex.info. Mikhail Polyanskiy. 2017年11月7日閲覧。
“Optical constants of Soda lime glass”. refractiveindex.info. Mikhail Polyanskiy. 2017年11月7日閲覧。
“Optical constants of C (Carbon, diamond, graphite)”. refractiveindex.info. Mikhail Polyanskiy. 2017年11月7日閲覧。

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; Japanese: 1,648^th place)

journals.sagepub.com

Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). “Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times” (英語). Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156.

sci-ed.org (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

Lauginie, P. (2004). Measuring Speed of Light: Why? Speed of what? (PDF). Fifth International Conference for History of Science in Science Education. Keszthely, Hungary. pp. 75–84. 2015年7月4日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ. 2017年8月12日閲覧.

sciencenews.org (Global: 4,656^th place; Japanese: 7,695^th place)

See, for example:
- Conover, Emily (2016年11月2日). “Units of measure are getting a fundamental upgrade” (英語). Science News.

scitation.org (Global: 5,891^st place; Japanese: low place)

aapt.scitation.org

See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). “E = mc²” (英語). American Journal of Physics 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.

seas.harvard.edu (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

See, for example:
- Hau, L. V.; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Z.; Behroozi, C. H. (1999). “Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas”. Nature 397 (6720): 594–598. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..594V. doi:10.1038/17561.

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; Japanese: 787^th place)

americanhistory.si.edu

“Nanoseconds Associated with Grace Hopper”. National Museum of American History. 2022年3月1日閲覧。 “Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992), a mathematician who became a naval officer and computer scientist during World War II, started distributing these wire "nanoseconds" in the late 1960s in order to demonstrate how designing smaller components would produce faster computers.”

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 4,765^th place; Japanese: 5,919^th place)

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

“James Clerk Maxwell”. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews (1997年11月). 2011年1月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年10月13日閲覧。

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; Japanese: 2,515^th place)

www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk

O'Connor. “Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham”. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. 2010年1月12日閲覧。
O'Connor. “Abu han Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni”. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. 2010年1月12日閲覧。

strath.ac.uk (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

bcp.phys.strath.ac.uk

Wynne, K. (2002). “Causality and the nature of information”. Optics Communications 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3.

ucr.edu (Global: 1,400^th place; Japanese: 3,632^nd place)

math.ucr.edu

Gibbs (1997年). “How is the speed of light measured?”. The Physics and Relativity FAQ. 2015年8月21日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月28日閲覧。
Gibbs (2004年). “Why is c the symbol for the speed of light?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年3月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月16日閲覧。
Roberts (2007年). Dlugosz: “What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2009年10月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月27日閲覧。
Gibbs (1997年). Carlip: “Is The Speed of Light Constant?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年4月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月26日閲覧。
Gibbs (1997年). “Is Faster-Than-Light Travel or Communication Possible?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年3月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年8月20日閲覧。
Chase. “Apparent Superluminal Velocity of Galaxies”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2009年11月26日閲覧。

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; Japanese: 2,858^th place)

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Stauffer, R. H. (April 1997). “Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows”. The Physics Teacher 35 (4): 231. Bibcode:1997PhTea..35..231S. doi:10.1119/1.2344657 2010年2月15日閲覧。.

univ-lyon1.fr (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

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“Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences” (フランス語). Journal des sçavans: 233–236. (1676).

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Einstein, A. (1905). “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” (ドイツ語). Annalen der Physik 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004.

ust.hk (Global: low place; Japanese: low place)

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Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). “Optical Precursor of a Single Photon”. Physical Review Letters 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; Japanese: 5,866^th place)

sas.uwaterloo.ca

MacKay, R. H.; Oldford, R. W. (2000). “Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light”. Statistical Science 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817.

virginia.edu (Global: 1,203^rd place; Japanese: 2,511^th place)

galileo.phys.virginia.edu

Fowler (2008年3月). “Notes on Special Relativity”. University of Virginia. p. 56. 2010年5月7日閲覧。

galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu

Fowler. “The Speed of Light”. University of Virginia. 2010年4月21日閲覧。

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Japanese: 1^st place)

Gibbs (1997年). “How is the speed of light measured?”. The Physics and Relativity FAQ. 2015年8月21日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月28日閲覧。
Gibbs (2004年). “Why is c the symbol for the speed of light?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年3月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月16日閲覧。
国際度量衡局 (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, オリジナルの2006-06-18時点におけるアーカイブ。（日本語訳：産業技術総合研究所計量標準総合センター, 国際文書第8版国際単位系(SI) 日本語版, ISBN 978-4-542-30182-5, オリジナルの2019-10-08時点におけるアーカイブ。）
、日本語版、p.22、欄外注記
Roberts (2007年). Dlugosz: “What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2009年10月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月27日閲覧。
Gibbs (1997年). Carlip: “Is The Speed of Light Constant?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年4月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年11月26日閲覧。
Gibbs (1997年). “Is Faster-Than-Light Travel or Communication Possible?”. Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. 2010年3月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年8月20日閲覧。
Cromie (2001年1月24日). “Researchers now able to stop, restart light”. Harvard University Gazette. 2011年10月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年11月8日閲覧。
“Theoretical vs real-world speed limit of Ping”. Pingdom (2007年6月). 2010年9月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年5月5日閲覧。
“Day 4: Lunar Orbits 7, 8 and 9”. The Apollo 8 Flight Journal. NASA. 2011年1月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年12月16日閲覧。
“Resolution B2 on the re-definition of the astronomical unit of length”. International Astronomical Union (2012年). 2012年9月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月25日閲覧。
Sullivan, D. B. (2001). “Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements”. In Lide, D. R.. A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology. CRC Press. pp. 191–193. ISBN 978-0-8493-1247-2. オリジナルの13 August 2009時点におけるアーカイブ。
Galilei, G. (1954) [1638]. Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences. Crew, H.; de Salvio A. (trans.). Dover Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-486-60099-4. オリジナルの30 January 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。 2019年1月29日閲覧。
Lauginie, P. (2004). Measuring Speed of Light: Why? Speed of what? (PDF). Fifth International Conference for History of Science in Science Education. Keszthely, Hungary. pp. 75–84. 2015年7月4日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ. 2017年8月12日閲覧.
“James Clerk Maxwell”. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews (1997年11月). 2011年1月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年10月13日閲覧。
“Resolution 1 of the 15th CGPM”. BIPM (1967年). 2021年4月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年3月14日閲覧。
“The "explicit-constant" formulation”. BIPM (2011年). 2014年8月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年4月28日閲覧。

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Japanese: 12^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004-01-06). “Quantum information and relativity theory” (英語). Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). “E = mc²” (英語). American Journal of Physics 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mendelson, K. S. (2006). “The story of c”. American Journal of Physics 74 (11): 995–997. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..995M. doi:10.1119/1.2238887. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). “"c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Mermin, N. David (2005). It's About Time: Understanding Einstein's Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-691-12201-6. OCLC 57283944
- Ellis, George F. R.; Williams, Ruth M. (2000). Flat and Curved Space-times (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-19-850657-0. OCLC 44694623
- Fayngold, Moses (2008). Special relativity and how it works. Physics textbook. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4. OCLC 180478876
- Wolf, Emil (2001). “Analyticity, Causality and Dispersion Relations”. Selected Works of Emil Wolf: with commentary. River Edge, N.J.: World Scientific. pp. 577–584. ISBN 978-981-281-187-5. OCLC 261134839
- Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). “Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas” (英語). American Journal of Physics 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mack, Katie (2021). The End of Everything (Astrophysically Speaking). London: Penguin Books. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-141-98958-7. OCLC 1180972461
- Standish, E. M. (June 2004). “The Astronomical Unit now” (英語). Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.
- Brumfiel, Geoff (14 September 2012). “The astronomical unit gets fixed” (英語). Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11416. ISSN 1476-4687.
- Buchwald, Jed; Yeang, Chen-Pang; Stemeroff, Noah; Barton, Jenifer; Harrington, Quinn (2021-03-01). “What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888” (英語). Archive for History of Exact Sciences 75 (2): 125–171. doi:10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1. ISSN 1432-0657.
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- Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1959). The Rainbow: From Myth to Mathematics. Thomas Yoseloff. pp. 205–206. OCLC 763848561
- Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). “Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times” (英語). Perception 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156.
- Watson, E. C. (1957-09-01). “On the Relations between Light and Electricity”. American Journal of Physics 25 (6): 335–343. Bibcode:1957AmJPh..25..335W. doi:10.1119/1.1934460. ISSN 0002-9505. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1934460.
worldcat.org
- Mermin, N. David (2005). It's About Time: Understanding Einstein's Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-691-12201-6. OCLC 57283944
- Ellis, George F. R.; Williams, Ruth M. (2000). Flat and Curved Space-times (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-19-850657-0. OCLC 44694623
- Fayngold, Moses (2008). Special relativity and how it works. Physics textbook. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4. OCLC 180478876
- Wolf, Emil (2001). “Analyticity, Causality and Dispersion Relations”. Selected Works of Emil Wolf: with commentary. River Edge, N.J.: World Scientific. pp. 577–584. ISBN 978-981-281-187-5. OCLC 261134839
- Mack, Katie (2021). The End of Everything (Astrophysically Speaking). London: Penguin Books. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-141-98958-7. OCLC 1180972461

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; Japanese: 2,446^th place)

Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. (1887). “On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether”. American Journal of Science 34 (203): 333–345. doi:10.1366/0003702874447824. https://zenodo.org/record/1450078.

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sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; Japanese: 1,648^th place)

sciencenews.org (Global: 4,656^th place; Japanese: 7,695^th place)

scitation.org (Global: 5,891^st place; Japanese: low place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; Japanese: 787^th place)

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 4,765^th place; Japanese: 5,919^th place)

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; Japanese: 2,515^th place)

ucr.edu (Global: 1,400^th place; Japanese: 3,632^nd place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; Japanese: 2,858^th place)

unlp.edu.ar (Global: 4,899^th place; Japanese: low place)

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; Japanese: 5,866^th place)

virginia.edu (Global: 1,203^rd place; Japanese: 2,511^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Japanese: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Japanese: 12^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; Japanese: 2,446^th place)