Jans, Karljin (2022年3月18日). “Will Russia's invasion boost NATO's budget?”. Clingendal Institute. 2022年11月12日閲覧。 “which goes beyond the idea of the 2% target. This will require focusing on Alliance readiness levels, with at the centre the NATO Defence Planning Process, addressing the full spectrum of challenges. NATO’s Article 3 will remain the fundamental principle to make this a reality.”
Cha, Victor (Winter 2009–2010). “Powerplay: Origins of U.S. Alliances in Asia”. International Security34 (3): 158–196. doi:10.1162/isec.2010.34.3.158.
Mabon, David W. (May 1988). “Elusive Agreements: The Pacific Pact Proposals of 1949-1951”. Pacific Historical Review57 (2): 147–178. doi:10.2307/4492264. JSTOR4492264.
Sherrod L. Bumgardner. “Article 4 of the North Atlantic Treaty”. 2022年2月26日閲覧。 “In 1954, the first Secretary General of NATO, Lord Ismay, emphasized Article 4 consultation as a deterrence measure before an armed attack”
“Refugees reach Greek border as EU demands Turkey upholds its migration commitments”. euronews.com (28 February 2020). 28 February 2020閲覧。 “The emergency meeting, held on Friday morning in Brussels, was held under Article 4 of NATO’s founding treaty, which allows any ally to request consultations if it feels its territorial integrity, political independence or security is threatened.”
Mabon, David W. (May 1988). “Elusive Agreements: The Pacific Pact Proposals of 1949-1951”. Pacific Historical Review57 (2): 147–178. doi:10.2307/4492264. JSTOR4492264.
“CANADA AND NATO”. 2022年11月12日閲覧。 “The report’s ideas about enhanced economic partnerships and cultural connections were not implemented, but two major initiatives were adopted: a more robust information programme to explain NATO and its mission better to Allied audiences, and the creation of a NATO Science Programme, which has encouraged scientific and technological innovation across the Alliance and provided support to many Nobel laureates.”
“Report of the Committee of Three on Non-Military Cooperation in NATO”. NATO.int (13 December 1956). 25 February 2022閲覧。 “Special attention must be paid, as explicitly recognised in Article 4 of the Treaty, to matters of urgent and immediate importance to the members of NATO, and to 'emergency' situations where it may be necessary to consult closely on national lines of conduct affecting the interests of members of NATO as a whole. There is a continuing need, however, for effective consultation at an early stage on current problems, in order that national policies may be developed and action taken on the basis of a full awareness of the attitudes and interests of all the members of NATO. While all members of NATO have a responsibility to consult with their partners on appropriate matters, a large share of responsibility for such consultation necessarily rests on the more powerful members of the Community.”
“NATO Foreign Ministers' statement on Patriot deployment to Turkey” (2012年12月5日). 27 February 2022閲覧。 “As the North Atlantic Council made clear on June 26 and October 3, we stand with Turkey in the spirit of strong solidarity. We, the NATO foreign ministers, declare our determination to deter threats to and defend Turkey. In response to Turkey’s request, NATO has decided to augment Turkey’s air defence capabilities in order to defend the population and territory of Turkey and contribute to the de-escalation of the crisis along the Alliance’s border.”
“Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meeting of the NATO-Ukraine Commission” (26 November 2018). 27 February 2022閲覧。 “NATO has increased its presence in the Black Sea region on land, but also with air policing over the Black Sea region, including the Black Sea, and we have a regular NATO presence in the Black Sea, with naval capabilities. Then of course we have three littoral states: Romania, Turkey and Bulgaria”
“Statement by NATO Foreign Ministers on Assurance to Turkey” (2015年12月1日). 2022年2月27日閲覧。 “On the basis of our December 2012 decision, the Alliance has been augmenting Turkey’s air defence. We remain determined, in a spirit of 28 for 28, to continue developing additional NATO assurance measures and Allies are working to prepare other possible contributions.”
“Statement by the North Atlantic Council on Russia's attack on Ukraine” (2022年2月24日). 2022年3月1日閲覧。 “Today, we have held consultations under Article 4 of the Washington Treaty. We have decided, in line with our defensive planning to protect all Allies, to take additional steps to further strengthen deterrence and defence across the Alliance.”
NATO: Key Events (timeline), 2001: "Large-scale terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C.—NATO invokes Article 5 for the first time ever and adopts a broader approach to security"
“Greece 'vetoes NATO statement' on support for Turkey amid Syria escalation” (2020年2月29日). 2022年3月1日閲覧。 “The Russian military later explained that the Syrian army targeted Hayat Tahrir al-Sham terrorists operating in the province, adding that Syrian government forces were not informed about the Turkish presence in the area.”
