銅(I)錯体を用いる方法。Wang, Jin-Shan; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof (1995), “Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes”, J. Am. Chem. Soc.117 (20): 5614-5615, doi:10.1021/ja00125a035.
ルテニウム(II)錯体を用いる方法。Kato, Mitsuru; Kamigaito, Masami; Sawamoto, Mitsuo; Higashimura, Toshinobu (1995), “Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with the Carbon Tetrachloride/Dichlorotris- (triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)/Methylaluminum Bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) Initiating System: Possibility of Living Radical Polymerization”, Macromolecules28 (5): 1721-1723, doi:10.1021/ma00109a056.