Leifer 2016, pp.22–23, 30–31. Leifer,M. S.(2016).“Mathematics Is Physics”.InAguirre, Anthony;Foster, Brendan;Merali, Zeeya.Trick or Truth?: The Mysterious Connection Between Physics and Mathematics.The Frontiers Collection.Cham:Springer Nature - Springer International Publishing.pp.21-40.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27495-9_3.ISBN978-3-319-27494-2
Baez & Stay 2012, pp.771–772. Baez,J. C.;Stay,M.(2012).“Algorithmic thermodynamics”.Mathematical Structures in Computer Science(Cambridge University Press)22(5): 771-787.doi:10.1017/S0960129511000521.
Goodman 1990, p.182. Goodman,Nicolas D.(1990).“Mathematics as natural science”.The Journal of Symbolic Logic(Association for Symbolic Logic)55(1): 182–193.doi:10.2307/2274961."Mathematics is a natural science whose great generality makes many philosophers think of it as a supernatural science"
Zheng 2022, p.1. Zheng,Zhiyong(2022).“Preparatory Knowledge”.Modern Cryptography Volume 1: A Classical Introduction to Informational and Mathematical Principle.Financial Mathematics and Fintech.1(1st ed.).Springer Singapore.pp.1–33.doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0920-7_1.ISBN978-981-19-0920-7.ISSN2662-7167."Modern cryptography and information theory is a branch of mathematics which develops rapidly. Almost all mathematical knowledge, such as algebra, geometry, analysis, probability and statistics, has very important applications in information theory."
Tobies, Renate and Helmut Neunzert(2012).Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry.Springer.pp.9.ISBN3-0348-0229-3."It is first necessary to ask what is meant by mathematics in general. Illustrious scholars have debated this matter until they were blue in the face, and yet no consensus has been reached about whether mathematics is a natural science, a branch of the humanities, or an art form."
Kneebone, G.T.(1963).Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics: An Introductory Survey.Dover.pp.4.ISBN0-486-41712-3."Mathematics... is simply the study of abstract structures, or formal patterns of connectedness."
LaTorre, Donald R., John W. Kenelly, Iris B. Reed, Laurel R. Carpenter, and Cynthia R Harris(2011).Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change.Cengage Learning.pp.2.ISBN1-4390-4957-2."Calculus is the study of change—how things change, and how quickly they change."
Ramana(2007).Applied Mathematics.Tata McGraw–Hill Education.p.2.10.ISBN0-07-066753-5."The mathematical study of change, motion, growth or decay is calculus."
“mathematics, n.: Oxford English Dictionary”.2015年6月17日閲覧。“The science of space, number, quantity, and arrangement, whose methods involve logical reasoning and usually the use of symbolic notation, and which includes geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and analysis.”[リンク切れ]
UCC Library.“Mathematics”(英語).UCC Library LibGuides. University College Cork.2025年6月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年12月30日閲覧。“According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Mathematics is the "abstract science of number, quantity, and space, either as abstract concepts (pure mathematics), or as applied to other disciplines such as physics and engineering (applied mathematics)"”
UCC Library.“Mathematics”(英語).UCC Library LibGuides. University College Cork.2025年6月19日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2025年12月30日閲覧。“According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Mathematics is the "abstract science of number, quantity, and space, either as abstract concepts (pure mathematics), or as applied to other disciplines such as physics and engineering (applied mathematics)"”
Zheng 2022, p.1. Zheng,Zhiyong(2022).“Preparatory Knowledge”.Modern Cryptography Volume 1: A Classical Introduction to Informational and Mathematical Principle.Financial Mathematics and Fintech.1(1st ed.).Springer Singapore.pp.1–33.doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0920-7_1.ISBN978-981-19-0920-7.ISSN2662-7167."Modern cryptography and information theory is a branch of mathematics which develops rapidly. Almost all mathematical knowledge, such as algebra, geometry, analysis, probability and statistics, has very important applications in information theory."
Zheng 2022, p.1. Zheng,Zhiyong(2022).“Preparatory Knowledge”.Modern Cryptography Volume 1: A Classical Introduction to Informational and Mathematical Principle.Financial Mathematics and Fintech.1(1st ed.).Springer Singapore.pp.1–33.doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0920-7_1.ISBN978-981-19-0920-7.ISSN2662-7167."Modern cryptography and information theory is a branch of mathematics which develops rapidly. Almost all mathematical knowledge, such as algebra, geometry, analysis, probability and statistics, has very important applications in information theory."