Tobies, Renate and Helmut Neunzert (2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer. pp. 9. ISBN3-0348-0229-3. "It is first necessary to ask what is meant by mathematics in general. Illustrious scholars have debated this matter until they were blue in the face, and yet no consensus has been reached about whether mathematics is a natural science, a branch of the humanities, or an art form."
Kneebone, G.T. (1963). Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics: An Introductory Survey. Dover. pp. 4. ISBN0-486-41712-3. "Mathematics ... is simply the study of abstract structures, or formal patterns of connectedness."
LaTorre, Donald R., John W. Kenelly, Iris B. Reed, Laurel R. Carpenter, and Cynthia R Harris (2011). Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change. Cengage Learning. pp. 2. ISBN1-4390-4957-2. "Calculus is the study of change—how things change, and how quickly they change."
Ramana (2007). Applied Mathematics. Tata McGraw–Hill Education. p. 2.10. ISBN0-07-066753-5. "The mathematical study of change, motion, growth or decay is calculus."
Ziegler, Günter M. (2011). “What Is Mathematics?”. An Invitation to Mathematics: From Competitions to Research. Springer. pp. 7. ISBN3-642-19532-6
Mura, Roberta (Dec 1993). “Images of Mathematics Held by University Teachers of Mathematical Sciences”. Educational Studies in Mathematics25 (4): 375–385.
“mathematics, n. : Oxford English Dictionary”. 2015年6月17日閲覧。 “The science of space, number, quantity, and arrangement, whose methods involve logical reasoning and usually the use of symbolic notation, and which includes geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and analysis.”[リンク切れ]
