毒液 (Japanese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "毒液" in Japanese language version.

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74nih.gov

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55doi.org

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15worldcat.org

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7harvard.edu

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2archive.org

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2handle.net

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2web.archive.org

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2nationalgeographic.com

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1science.org.au

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1ipb.pt

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1smithsonianmag.com

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1askabiologist.org.uk

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adam.com

eclinicalworks.adam.com

“Snake Bites”. A. D. A. M. Inc (16 October 2017). 30 September 2018閲覧。

archive.org

askabiologist.org.uk

Venomous Amphibians (Page 1) – Reptiles (Including Dinosaurs) and Amphibians – Ask a Biologist Q&A. Askabiologist.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.

books.google.com

Bonamonte, Domenico; Angelini, Gianni (2016). Aquatic Dermatology: Biotic, Chemical and Physical Agents. Springer International. pp. 54–56. ISBN 978-3-319-40615-2

doi.org

Nelsen, D. R., Nisani, Z., Cooper, A. M., Fox, G. A., Gren, E. C., Corbit, A. G., & Hayes, W. K. (2014). "Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them". Biological Reviews, 89(2), 450-465. doi:10.1111/brv.12062. PMID 24102715.
Kordiš, D.; Gubenšek, F. (2000). “Adaptive evolution of animal toxin multigene families”. Gene 261 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00490-x. PMID 11164036.
Harris, J. B. (September 2004). “Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know”. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75 (suppl_3): iii40–iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
Raffray, M.; Cohen, G. M. (1997). “Apoptosis and necrosis in toxicology: a continuum or distinct modes of cell death?”. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 75 (3): 153–177. doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00037-5. PMID 9504137.
Dutertre, Sébastien; Lewis, Richard J. (2006). “Toxin insights into nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”. Biochemical Pharmacology 72 (6): 661–670. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.027. PMID 16716265.
Nicastro, G. (May 2003). Franzoni, L.; de Chiara, C.; Mancin, A. C.; Giglio, J. R.; Spisni, A.. “Solution structure of crotamine, a Na+ channel affecting toxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom”. Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (9): 1969–1979. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03563.x. PMID 12709056.
Griffin, P. R.; Aird, S. D. (1990). “A new small myotoxin from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis)”. FEBS Letters 274 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81325-I. PMID 2253781.
Samejima, Y.; Aoki, Y.; Mebs, D. (1991). “Amino acid sequence of a myotoxin from venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)”. Toxicon 29 (4): 461–468. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90020-r. PMID 1862521.
Whittington, C. M.; Papenfuss, A. T.; Bansal, P. et al. (June 2008). “Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes”. Genome Research 18 (6): 986–094. doi:10.1101/gr.7149808. PMC 2413166. PMID 18463304.
Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia et al. (2016). “Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930.
Peng, Xiaozhen; Dai, Zhipan; Lei, Qian et al. (April 2017). “Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of black widow spiderling extract against HeLa cells”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13 (6): 3267–3274. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4391. PMC 5450530. PMID 28587399.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1983). “Venom: Source of a Sex Pheromone in the Social Wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9 (2): 259–266. doi:10.1007/bf00988043. PMID 24407344.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1984). “Alarm response to venom by social wasps Polistes exclamans and P. fuscatus”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 10 (10): 1425–1433. doi:10.1007/BF00990313. PMID 24318343.
Baracchi, David (January 2012). “From individual to collective immunity: The role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies”. Journal of Insect Physiology 58 (1): 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.007. hdl:2158/790328. PMID 22108024.
Pinto, Antônio F. M.; Berger, Markus; Reck, José; Terra, Renata M. S.; Guimarães, Jorge A. (15 December 2010). “Lonomia obliqua venom: In vivo effects and molecular aspects associated with the hemorrhagic syndrome”. Toxicon 56 (7): 1103–1112. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.013. PMID 20114060.
Touchard, Axel; Aili, Samira; Fox, Eduardo et al. (20 January 2016). “The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms”. Toxins 8 (1): 30. doi:10.3390/toxins8010030. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4728552. PMID 26805882.
Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. (2011). “Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands”. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65 (12): 2319–2327. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y.
Olivera, B. M.; Teichert, R. W. (2007). “Diversity of the neurotoxic Conus peptides: a model for concerted pharmacological discovery”. Molecular Interventions 7 (5): 251–260. doi:10.1124/mi.7.5.7. PMID 17932414.
Smith, William Leo; Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). “Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms”. Journal of Heredity 97 (3): 206–217. doi:10.1093/jhered/esj034. PMID 16740627.
Nowak, R. T.; Brodie, E. D. (1978). “Rib Penetration and Associated Antipredator Adaptations in the Salamander Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae)”. Copeia 1978 (3): 424–429. doi:10.2307/1443606. JSTOR 1443606.
Jared, Carlos; Mailho-Fontana, Pedro Luiz; Antoniazzi, Marta Maria et al. (2015-08-17). “Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons”. Current Biology 25 (16): 2166–2170. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.061. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26255851.
Hargreaves, Adam D.; Swain, Martin T.; Hegarty, Matthew J.; Logan, Darren W.; Mulley, John F. (30 July 2014). “Restriction and Recruitment—Gene Duplication and the Origin and Evolution of Snake Venom Toxins”. Genome Biology and Evolution 6 (8): 2088–2095. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu166. PMC 4231632. PMID 25079342.
Daltry, Jennifer C.; Wuester, Wolfgang; Thorpe, Roger S. (1996). “Diet and snake venom evolution”. Nature 379 (6565): 537–540. Bibcode: 1996Natur.379..537D. doi:10.1038/379537a0. PMID 8596631.
Cantrell, F. L. (2003). “Envenomation by the Mexican beaded lizard: a case report”. Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 41 (3): 241–244. doi:10.1081/CLT-120021105. PMID 12807305.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). “A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus”. PNAS 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Fry, B. G.; Vidal, N.; Norman, J. A. et al. (February 2006). “Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes”. Nature 439 (7076): 584–588. Bibcode: 2006Natur.439..584F. doi:10.1038/nature04328. PMID 16292255.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). “Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques”. PLOS ONE 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Moore, Richard S.; Rode, E. Johanna; Fry, Bryan G. (2013-09-27). “Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom”. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1678-9199-19-21. PMC 3852360. PMID 24074353.
Ligabue-Braun, R.; Verli, H.; Carlini, C. R. (2012). “Venomous mammals: a review”. Toxicon 59 (7–8): 680–695. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.012. PMID 22410495.
Wong, E. S.; Belov, K. (2012). “Venom evolution through gene duplications”. Gene 496 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.009. PMID 22285376.
((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) (17 December 2014). “Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013”. Lancet 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Fox, Eduardo G.P.; Xu, Meng; Wang, Lei; Chen, Li; Lu, Yong-Yue (May 2018). “Speedy milking of fresh venom from aculeate hymenopterans”. Toxicon 146: 120–123. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.050. PMID 29510162.
Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson (2021). “Venom Toxins of Fire Ants”. In Gopalakrishnakone, P.. Venom Genomics and Proteomics. Springer Netherlands. pp. 149–167. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6416-3_38. ISBN 9789400766495
Calvete, Juan J. (December 2013). “Snake venomics: From the inventory of toxins to biology”. Toxicon 75: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.020. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 23578513.
Arbuckle, Kevin; Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Casewell, Nicholas R. (December 2017). “Coevolution takes the sting out of it: Evolutionary biology and mechanisms of toxin resistance in animals”. Toxicon 140: 118–131. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.026. PMID 29111116.
Dawkins, Richard; Krebs, John Richard; Maynard Smith, J.; Holliday, Robin (1979-09-21). “Arms races between and within species”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 205 (1161): 489–511. Bibcode: 1979RSPSB.205..489D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0081. PMID 42057.
McCabe, Thomas M.; Mackessy, Stephen P. (2015). Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Malhotra, Anita. eds. Evolution of Resistance to Toxins in Prey. Toxinology. Springer Netherlands. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6727-0_6-1. ISBN 978-94-007-6727-0
Nuismer, Scott L.; Ridenhour, Benjamin J.; Oswald, Benjamin P. (2007). “Antagonistic Coevolution Mediated by Phenotypic Differences Between Quantitative Traits”. Evolution 61 (8): 1823–1834. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00158.x. PMID 17683426.
Holding, Matthew L.; Drabeck, Danielle H.; Jansa, Sharon A.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (1 November 2016). “Venom Resistance as a Model for Understanding the Molecular Basis of Complex Coevolutionary Adaptations”. Integrative and Comparative Biology 56 (5): 1032–1043. doi:10.1093/icb/icw082. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 27444525.
Calvete, Juan J. (1 March 2017). “Venomics: integrative venom proteomics and beyond”. Biochemical Journal 474 (5): 611–634. doi:10.1042/BCJ20160577. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 28219972.
Morgenstern, David; King, Glenn F. (1 March 2013). “The venom optimization hypothesis revisited”. Toxicon 63: 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.022. PMID 23266311.
Poran, Naomie S.; Coss, Richard G.; Benjamini, Eli (1987-01-01). “Resistance of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi) to the venom of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus Viridis Oreganus): A study of adaptive variation”. Toxicon 25 (7): 767–777. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(87)90127-9. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 3672545.
Coss, Richard G.; Poran, Naomie S.; Gusé, Kevin L.; Smith, David G. (1993-01-01). “Development of Antisnake Defenses in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi): II. Microevolutionary Effects of Relaxed Selection From Rattlesnakes”. Behaviour 124 (1–2): 137–162. doi:10.1163/156853993X00542. ISSN 0005-7959.
Holding, Matthew L.; Biardi, James E.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (2016-04-27). “Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283 (1829): 20152841. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2841. PMC 4855376. PMID 27122552.
Weinstein, Scott A.; DeWitt, Clement F.; Smith, Leonard A. (December 1992). “Variability of Venom-Neutralizing Properties of Serum from Snakes of the Colubrid Genus Lampropeltis”. Journal of Herpetology 26 (4): 452. doi:10.2307/1565123. JSTOR 1565123.
Heatwole, Harold; Poran, Naomie S. (1995-02-15). “Resistances of Sympatric and Allopatric Eels to Sea Snake Venoms”. Copeia 1995 (1): 136. doi:10.2307/1446808. JSTOR 1446808.
Heatwole, Harold; Powell, Judy (May 1998). “Resistance of eels (Gymnothorax) to the venom of sea kraits (Laticauda colubrina): a test of coevolution”. Toxicon 36 (4): 619–625. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00081-0. PMID 9643474.
Zimmerman, K. D.; Heatwole, Harold; Davies, H. I. (1992-03-01). “Survival times and resistance to sea snake (Aipysurus laevis) venom by five species of prey fish”. Toxicon 30 (3): 259–264. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90868-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1529461.
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A.; Wüest, Rafael O.; Pearman, Peter B.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Salamin, Nicolas (2012-11-02). “Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3532366. PMID 23122007.
Mebs, Dietrich (2009-12-15). “Chemical biology of the mutualistic relationships of sea anemones with fish and crustaceans”. Toxicon. Cnidarian Toxins and Venoms 54 (8): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.027. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 19268681.
da Silva, Karen Burke; Nedosyko, Anita (2016), Goffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy, eds., “Sea Anemones and Anemonefish: A Match Made in Heaven”, The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters (Springer International Publishing): pp. 425–438, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_27, ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (2014-05-30). “Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis”. PLOS ONE 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Mebs, D. (1994-09-01). “Anemonefish symbiosis: Vulnerability and resistance of fish to the toxin of the sea anemone”. Toxicon 32 (9): 1059–1068. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90390-5. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 7801342.
Lubbock, R.; Smith, David Cecil (1980-02-13). “Why are clownfishes not stung by sea anemones?”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 207 (1166): 35–61. Bibcode: 1980RSPSB.207...35L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0013.
Litsios, Glenn; Kostikova, Anna; Salamin, Nicolas (2014-11-22). “Host specialist clownfishes are environmental niche generalists”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1795): 20133220. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3220. PMC 4213602. PMID 25274370.

forbes.com

Mullin, Emily (29 November 2015). “Animal Venom Database Could Be Boon To Drug Development”. Forbes 30 September 2018閲覧。.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia et al. (2016). “Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930.
Baracchi, David (January 2012). “From individual to collective immunity: The role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies”. Journal of Insect Physiology 58 (1): 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.007. hdl:2158/790328. PMID 22108024.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Daltry, Jennifer C.; Wuester, Wolfgang; Thorpe, Roger S. (1996). “Diet and snake venom evolution”. Nature 379 (6565): 537–540. Bibcode: 1996Natur.379..537D. doi:10.1038/379537a0. PMID 8596631.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). “A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus”. PNAS 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Fry, B. G.; Vidal, N.; Norman, J. A. et al. (February 2006). “Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes”. Nature 439 (7076): 584–588. Bibcode: 2006Natur.439..584F. doi:10.1038/nature04328. PMID 16292255.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). “Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques”. PLOS ONE 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Dawkins, Richard; Krebs, John Richard; Maynard Smith, J.; Holliday, Robin (1979-09-21). “Arms races between and within species”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 205 (1161): 489–511. Bibcode: 1979RSPSB.205..489D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0081. PMID 42057.
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (2014-05-30). “Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis”. PLOS ONE 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Lubbock, R.; Smith, David Cecil (1980-02-13). “Why are clownfishes not stung by sea anemones?”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 207 (1166): 35–61. Bibcode: 1980RSPSB.207...35L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0013.

ipb.pt

bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt

Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia et al. (2016). “Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930.

jstor.org

Nowak, R. T.; Brodie, E. D. (1978). “Rib Penetration and Associated Antipredator Adaptations in the Salamander Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae)”. Copeia 1978 (3): 424–429. doi:10.2307/1443606. JSTOR 1443606.
Weinstein, Scott A.; DeWitt, Clement F.; Smith, Leonard A. (December 1992). “Variability of Venom-Neutralizing Properties of Serum from Snakes of the Colubrid Genus Lampropeltis”. Journal of Herpetology 26 (4): 452. doi:10.2307/1565123. JSTOR 1565123.
Heatwole, Harold; Poran, Naomie S. (1995-02-15). “Resistances of Sympatric and Allopatric Eels to Sea Snake Venoms”. Copeia 1995 (1): 136. doi:10.2307/1446808. JSTOR 1446808.

ku.edu

kuscholarworks.ku.edu

Fautin, Daphne G. (1991). “The anemonefish symbiosis: what is known and what is not”. Symbiosis 10: 23–46.

lstmed.ac.uk

archive.lstmed.ac.uk

Arbuckle, Kevin; Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Casewell, Nicholas R. (December 2017). “Coevolution takes the sting out of it: Evolutionary biology and mechanisms of toxin resistance in animals”. Toxicon 140: 118–131. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.026. PMID 29111116.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Gallagher, Scott A. (2017-08-02). “Echinoderm Envenomation”. EMedicine 12 October 2010閲覧。.

nationalgeographic.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chippaux, JP; Goyffon, M (2006). “[Venomous and poisonous animals--I. Overview].” (フランス語). Médecine Tropicale 66 (3): 215–20. ISSN 0025-682X. PMID 16924809.
Nelsen, D. R., Nisani, Z., Cooper, A. M., Fox, G. A., Gren, E. C., Corbit, A. G., & Hayes, W. K. (2014). "Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them". Biological Reviews, 89(2), 450-465. doi:10.1111/brv.12062. PMID 24102715.
Kordiš, D.; Gubenšek, F. (2000). “Adaptive evolution of animal toxin multigene families”. Gene 261 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00490-x. PMID 11164036.
Harris, J. B. (September 2004). “Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know”. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75 (suppl_3): iii40–iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
Raffray, M.; Cohen, G. M. (1997). “Apoptosis and necrosis in toxicology: a continuum or distinct modes of cell death?”. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 75 (3): 153–177. doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00037-5. PMID 9504137.
Dutertre, Sébastien; Lewis, Richard J. (2006). “Toxin insights into nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”. Biochemical Pharmacology 72 (6): 661–670. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.027. PMID 16716265.
Nicastro, G. (May 2003). Franzoni, L.; de Chiara, C.; Mancin, A. C.; Giglio, J. R.; Spisni, A.. “Solution structure of crotamine, a Na+ channel affecting toxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom”. Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (9): 1969–1979. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03563.x. PMID 12709056.
Griffin, P. R.; Aird, S. D. (1990). “A new small myotoxin from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis)”. FEBS Letters 274 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81325-I. PMID 2253781.
Samejima, Y.; Aoki, Y.; Mebs, D. (1991). “Amino acid sequence of a myotoxin from venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)”. Toxicon 29 (4): 461–468. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90020-r. PMID 1862521.
Whittington, C. M.; Papenfuss, A. T.; Bansal, P. et al. (June 2008). “Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes”. Genome Research 18 (6): 986–094. doi:10.1101/gr.7149808. PMC 2413166. PMID 18463304.
Sobral, Filipa; Sampaio, Andreia; Falcão, Soraia et al. (2016). “Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal”. Food and Chemical Toxicology 94: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008. hdl:10198/13492. PMID 27288930.
Peng, Xiaozhen; Dai, Zhipan; Lei, Qian et al. (April 2017). “Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of black widow spiderling extract against HeLa cells”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13 (6): 3267–3274. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4391. PMC 5450530. PMID 28587399.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1983). “Venom: Source of a Sex Pheromone in the Social Wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9 (2): 259–266. doi:10.1007/bf00988043. PMID 24407344.
Post Downing, Jeanne (1984). “Alarm response to venom by social wasps Polistes exclamans and P. fuscatus”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 10 (10): 1425–1433. doi:10.1007/BF00990313. PMID 24318343.
Baracchi, David (January 2012). “From individual to collective immunity: The role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies”. Journal of Insect Physiology 58 (1): 188–193. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.11.007. hdl:2158/790328. PMID 22108024.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Harris, J. B. (September 2004). “Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know”. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75 (suppl_3): iii40–iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
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Touchard, Axel; Aili, Samira; Fox, Eduardo et al. (20 January 2016). “The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms”. Toxins 8 (1): 30. doi:10.3390/toxins8010030. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4728552. PMID 26805882.
Hargreaves, Adam D.; Swain, Martin T.; Hegarty, Matthew J.; Logan, Darren W.; Mulley, John F. (30 July 2014). “Restriction and Recruitment—Gene Duplication and the Origin and Evolution of Snake Venom Toxins”. Genome Biology and Evolution 6 (8): 2088–2095. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu166. PMC 4231632. PMID 25079342.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). “A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus”. PNAS 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). “Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques”. PLOS ONE 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Moore, Richard S.; Rode, E. Johanna; Fry, Bryan G. (2013-09-27). “Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom”. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1678-9199-19-21. PMC 3852360. PMID 24074353.
((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) (17 December 2014). “Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013”. Lancet 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Holding, Matthew L.; Biardi, James E.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (2016-04-27). “Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283 (1829): 20152841. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2841. PMC 4855376. PMID 27122552.
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A.; Wüest, Rafael O.; Pearman, Peter B.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Salamin, Nicolas (2012-11-02). “Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3532366. PMID 23122007.
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (2014-05-30). “Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis”. PLOS ONE 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Litsios, Glenn; Kostikova, Anna; Salamin, Nicolas (2014-11-22). “Host specialist clownfishes are environmental niche generalists”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1795): 20133220. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3220. PMC 4213602. PMID 25274370.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Harris, J. B. (September 2004). “Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know”. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75 (suppl_3): iii40–iii46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.045724. PMC 1765666. PMID 15316044.
Whittington, C. M.; Papenfuss, A. T.; Bansal, P. et al. (June 2008). “Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes”. Genome Research 18 (6): 986–094. doi:10.1101/gr.7149808. PMC 2413166. PMID 18463304.
Peng, Xiaozhen; Dai, Zhipan; Lei, Qian et al. (April 2017). “Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of black widow spiderling extract against HeLa cells”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13 (6): 3267–3274. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4391. PMC 5450530. PMID 28587399.
Touchard, Axel; Aili, Samira; Fox, Eduardo et al. (20 January 2016). “The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms”. Toxins 8 (1): 30. doi:10.3390/toxins8010030. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4728552. PMID 26805882.
Hargreaves, Adam D.; Swain, Martin T.; Hegarty, Matthew J.; Logan, Darren W.; Mulley, John F. (30 July 2014). “Restriction and Recruitment—Gene Duplication and the Origin and Evolution of Snake Venom Toxins”. Genome Biology and Evolution 6 (8): 2088–2095. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu166. PMC 4231632. PMID 25079342.
Fry, B. G.; Wroe, S.; Teeuwisse, W. (June 2009). “A central role for venom in predation by Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) and the extinct giant Varanus (Megalania) priscus”. PNAS 106 (22): 8969–8974. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.8969F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810883106. PMC 2690028. PMID 19451641.
Benoit, J.; Norton, L. A.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2017). “Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques”. PLOS ONE 12 (2): e0172047. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1272047B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172047. PMC 5302418. PMID 28187210.
Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Moore, Richard S.; Rode, E. Johanna; Fry, Bryan G. (2013-09-27). “Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom”. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1678-9199-19-21. PMC 3852360. PMID 24074353.
((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) (17 December 2014). “Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013”. Lancet 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Holding, Matthew L.; Biardi, James E.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (2016-04-27). “Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283 (1829): 20152841. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2841. PMC 4855376. PMID 27122552.
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A.; Wüest, Rafael O.; Pearman, Peter B.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Salamin, Nicolas (2012-11-02). “Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3532366. PMID 23122007.
Nedosyko, Anita M.; Young, Jeanne E.; Edwards, John W.; Silva, Karen Burke da (2014-05-30). “Searching for a Toxic Key to Unlock the Mystery of Anemonefish and Anemone Symbiosis”. PLOS ONE 9 (5): e98449. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...998449N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098449. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4039484. PMID 24878777.
Litsios, Glenn; Kostikova, Anna; Salamin, Nicolas (2014-11-22). “Host specialist clownfishes are environmental niche generalists”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1795): 20133220. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3220. PMC 4213602. PMID 25274370.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Holding, Matthew L.; Drabeck, Danielle H.; Jansa, Sharon A.; Gibbs, H. Lisle (1 November 2016). “Venom Resistance as a Model for Understanding the Molecular Basis of Complex Coevolutionary Adaptations”. Integrative and Comparative Biology 56 (5): 1032–1043. doi:10.1093/icb/icw082. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 27444525.

science.org.au

“Poison vs. Venom”. Australian Academy of Science (3 November 2017). 17 April 2022閲覧。

smithsonianmag.com

Frost, Emily (30 August 2013). “What's Behind That Jellyfish Sting?”. Smithsonian 30 September 2018閲覧。.

springer.com

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Jared, Carlos; Mailho-Fontana, Pedro Luiz; Antoniazzi, Marta Maria et al. (2015-08-17). “Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons”. Current Biology 25 (16): 2166–2170. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.061. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26255851.
Calvete, Juan J. (December 2013). “Snake venomics: From the inventory of toxins to biology”. Toxicon 75: 44–62. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.020. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 23578513.
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worldcat.org

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