“Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage in normozoospermic men is related to age and sperm progressive motility”. Fertil. Steril.101 (6): 1588–93. (2014). doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.006. PMID24690240.
McIntosh, GC; Olshan, AF; Baird, PA (May 1995). “Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in offspring.”. Epidemiology6 (3): 282–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00016. PMID7619937.
Ricci, Elena; Al Beitawi, Suha; Cipriani, Sonia; Candiani, Massimo; Chiaffarino, Francesca; Viganò, Paola; Noli, Stefania; Parazzini, Fabio (2017). “Semen quality and alcohol intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Reproductive Biomedicine Online34 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.09.012. ISSN1472-6491. PMID28029592.
MacDonald AA; Herbison GP; Showell M; Farquhar CM (2010). “The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta-analysis”. Hum. Reprod. Update16 (3): 293–311. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp047. PMID19889752.
Salas-Huetos, Albert; Bulló, Mònica; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi (2017). “Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies”. Human Reproduction Update23 (4): 371–389. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx006. ISSN1460-2369. PMID28333357.
Jensen TK; Swan SH; Skakkebaek NE; Rasmussen S; Jørgensen N. (April 2010). “Caffeine intake and semen quality in a population of 2,554 young Danish men”. American Journal of Epidemiology171 (8): 883–91. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq007. PMID20338976.
Albert Salas-Huetos, Mònica Bulló, Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies, Human Reproduction Update, Volume 23, Issue 4, 1 July 2017, Pages 371–389, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmx006
Mitchell JH; Cawood E; Kinniburgh D; Provan A; Collins AR; Irvine DS (June 2001). “Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males”. Clinical Science100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212. PMID11352776.
“Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility”. Reprod. Biomed. Online28 (6): 684–703. (2014). doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004. PMID24745838.
Dickey, Lore m; Ducheny, Kelly M; Ehrbar, Randall D (2016). “Family creation options for transgender and gender nonconforming people”. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity3 (2): 173. doi:10.1037/sgd0000178.
Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). “What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'”. Human Reproduction Update19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID23552271.
Whan LB; West MC; McClure N; Lewis SE (March 2006). “Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, on human sperm function in vitro”. Fertility and Sterility85 (3): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.027. PMID16500334.
Safarinejad MR (November 2008). “Sperm DNA damage and semen quality impairment after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors detected using semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay”. The Journal of Urology180 (5): 2124–8. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.034. PMID18804223.
Marshburn PB; Alanis M; Matthews ML et al. (September 2009). “A short period of ejaculatory abstinence before intrauterine insemination is associated with higher pregnancy rates”. Fertil. Steril.93 (1): 286–8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.972. PMID19732887.
Gerris citing Zavos, 1995: Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Gerris citing Sofikitis and Miyagawa, 1993: Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Sofikitis NV; Miyagawa I (September–October 1993). “Endocrinological, biophysical, and biochemical parameters of semen collected via masturbation versus sexual intercourse”. J. Androl.14 (5): 366–73. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1993.tb00402.x. PMID8288490.
Yamamoto Y; Sofikitis N; Mio Y; Miyagawa I (May 2000). “Influence of sexual stimulation on sperm parameters in semen samples collected via masturbation from normozoospermic men or cryptozoospermic men participating in an assisted reproduction programme”. Andrologia32 (3): 131–8. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00353.x. PMID10863967.
van Roijen JH; Slob AK; Gianotten WL et al. (January 1996). “Sexual arousal and the quality of semen produced by masturbation”. Human Reproduction11 (1): 147–51. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019008. PMID8671177.
Elzanaty S; Malm J (June 2008). “Comparison of semen parameters in samples collected by masturbation at a clinic and at home”. Fertility and Sterility89 (6): 1718–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.044. PMID17658521.
Ball M (1976). “A prospective field trial of the "ovulation method" of avoiding conception”. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology6 (2): 63–6. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(76)90004-6. PMID985763.
Wegner CC; Clifford AL; Jilbert PM; Henry MA; Gentry WL (September 2009). “Abnormally high body mass index and tobacco use are associated with poor sperm quality as revealed by reduced sperm binding to hyaluronan-coated slides”. Fertil. Steril.93 (1): 332–4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.970. PMID19733846.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). “Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Environment International70: 106–12. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID24927498.
Cagnacci A; Maxia N; Volpe A (1999). “Diurnal variation of semen quality in human males”. Hum. Reprod.14 (1): 106–9. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.1.106. PMID10374104.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). “Response of semen parameters to three training modalities”. Fertil. Steril.92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID19013565.
Pound N; Javed MH; Ruberto C; Shaikh MA; Del Valle AP (August 2002). “Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates”. Physiology & Behavior76 (4–5): 685–9. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00803-X. PMID12127009.
Brugnon F; Janny L; Communal Y et al. (May 2010). “Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients”. Hum Reprod25 (7): 1631–42. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq113. PMID20472914.
Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). “What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'”. Human Reproduction Update19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID23552271.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). “Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Environment International70: 106–12. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID24927498.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). “Response of semen parameters to three training modalities”. Fertil. Steril.92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID19013565.
Gurevich, Rachel (6 October 2008). “Does Age Affect Male Fertility?”. Aboutcom:Fertility. Aboutcom. 28 September 2015時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。14 February 2010閲覧。
“Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage in normozoospermic men is related to age and sperm progressive motility”. Fertil. Steril.101 (6): 1588–93. (2014). doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.006. PMID24690240.
McIntosh, GC; Olshan, AF; Baird, PA (May 1995). “Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in offspring.”. Epidemiology6 (3): 282–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00016. PMID7619937.
Ricci, Elena; Al Beitawi, Suha; Cipriani, Sonia; Candiani, Massimo; Chiaffarino, Francesca; Viganò, Paola; Noli, Stefania; Parazzini, Fabio (2017). “Semen quality and alcohol intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Reproductive Biomedicine Online34 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.09.012. ISSN1472-6491. PMID28029592.
MacDonald AA; Herbison GP; Showell M; Farquhar CM (2010). “The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta-analysis”. Hum. Reprod. Update16 (3): 293–311. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp047. PMID19889752.
Salas-Huetos, Albert; Bulló, Mònica; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi (2017). “Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies”. Human Reproduction Update23 (4): 371–389. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx006. ISSN1460-2369. PMID28333357.
Jensen TK; Swan SH; Skakkebaek NE; Rasmussen S; Jørgensen N. (April 2010). “Caffeine intake and semen quality in a population of 2,554 young Danish men”. American Journal of Epidemiology171 (8): 883–91. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq007. PMID20338976.
Mitchell JH; Cawood E; Kinniburgh D; Provan A; Collins AR; Irvine DS (June 2001). “Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males”. Clinical Science100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212. PMID11352776.
“Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility”. Reprod. Biomed. Online28 (6): 684–703. (2014). doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004. PMID24745838.
Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). “What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'”. Human Reproduction Update19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID23552271.
Whan LB; West MC; McClure N; Lewis SE (March 2006). “Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, on human sperm function in vitro”. Fertility and Sterility85 (3): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.027. PMID16500334.
Safarinejad MR (November 2008). “Sperm DNA damage and semen quality impairment after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors detected using semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay”. The Journal of Urology180 (5): 2124–8. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.034. PMID18804223.
Nnatu SN; Giwa-Osagie OF; Essien EE (1991). “Effect of repeated semen ejaculation on sperm quality”. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology18 (1): 39–42. PMID2054949.
Marshburn PB; Alanis M; Matthews ML et al. (September 2009). “A short period of ejaculatory abstinence before intrauterine insemination is associated with higher pregnancy rates”. Fertil. Steril.93 (1): 286–8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.972. PMID19732887.
Gerris citing Zavos, 1995: Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Gerris citing Sofikitis and Miyagawa, 1993: Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Gerris J (May 1999). “Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval”. Human Reproduction Update5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID10438105.
Sofikitis NV; Miyagawa I (September–October 1993). “Endocrinological, biophysical, and biochemical parameters of semen collected via masturbation versus sexual intercourse”. J. Androl.14 (5): 366–73. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1993.tb00402.x. PMID8288490.
Yamamoto Y; Sofikitis N; Mio Y; Miyagawa I (May 2000). “Influence of sexual stimulation on sperm parameters in semen samples collected via masturbation from normozoospermic men or cryptozoospermic men participating in an assisted reproduction programme”. Andrologia32 (3): 131–8. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00353.x. PMID10863967.
van Roijen JH; Slob AK; Gianotten WL et al. (January 1996). “Sexual arousal and the quality of semen produced by masturbation”. Human Reproduction11 (1): 147–51. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019008. PMID8671177.
Elzanaty S; Malm J (June 2008). “Comparison of semen parameters in samples collected by masturbation at a clinic and at home”. Fertility and Sterility89 (6): 1718–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.044. PMID17658521.
Ball M (1976). “A prospective field trial of the "ovulation method" of avoiding conception”. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology6 (2): 63–6. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(76)90004-6. PMID985763.
Sinha G; Sinha A (October 1993). “A field trial of Billings' ovulation method for spacing and limitation of birth”. Journal of the Indian Medical Association91 (10): 255–6. PMID8308307.
Wegner CC; Clifford AL; Jilbert PM; Henry MA; Gentry WL (September 2009). “Abnormally high body mass index and tobacco use are associated with poor sperm quality as revealed by reduced sperm binding to hyaluronan-coated slides”. Fertil. Steril.93 (1): 332–4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.970. PMID19733846.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). “Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Environment International70: 106–12. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID24927498.
Cagnacci A; Maxia N; Volpe A (1999). “Diurnal variation of semen quality in human males”. Hum. Reprod.14 (1): 106–9. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.1.106. PMID10374104.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). “Response of semen parameters to three training modalities”. Fertil. Steril.92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID19013565.
Pound N; Javed MH; Ruberto C; Shaikh MA; Del Valle AP (August 2002). “Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates”. Physiology & Behavior76 (4–5): 685–9. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00803-X. PMID12127009.
Brugnon F; Janny L; Communal Y et al. (May 2010). “Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients”. Hum Reprod25 (7): 1631–42. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq113. PMID20472914.
Osser, S; Wramsby, H; Liedholm, P (May–Jun 1988). “A comparison between the hamster egg penetration test and the seminal parameters in men of infertile couples.”. International Journal of Fertility33 (3): 207–11. PMID2899568.
Koulischer L; Debry JM (1989). “The hamster test. Practical consequences” (フランス語). Acta Urologica Belgica57 (1): 77–81. PMID2718849.
“Understanding Semen Analysis”. University Hospital & Medical Center at Stony Brook Male Infertility Program. 17 October 2007時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。4 May 2013閲覧。
“MillsHealthySpermTips.”. 5-Tips-To-Ensure-Healthy-Sperm.pdf - UCLA Health. David Geffen. 9 January 2022閲覧。
web.archive.org
Gurevich, Rachel (6 October 2008). “Does Age Affect Male Fertility?”. Aboutcom:Fertility. Aboutcom. 28 September 2015時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。14 February 2010閲覧。
“Understanding Semen Analysis”. University Hospital & Medical Center at Stony Brook Male Infertility Program. 17 October 2007時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。4 May 2013閲覧。
Salas-Huetos, Albert; Bulló, Mònica; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi (2017). “Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies”. Human Reproduction Update23 (4): 371–389. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx006. ISSN1460-2369. PMID28333357.