References analysis of the Wikipedia article "腰痛" in the Japanese version

choosingwisely.org (Global: 7,197^th place; Japanese: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Japanese: 6^th place)

Koes, BW; van Tulder, M; Lin, CW; Macedo, LG; McAuley, J; Maher, C (December 2010). “An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care.”. European Spine Journal 19 (12): 2075–94. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y. PMID 20602122.

Menezes Costa Lda, C; Maher, CG; Hancock, MJ; McAuley, JH; Herbert, RD; Costa, LO (2012-08-07). “The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis.”. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 184 (11): E613-24. doi:10.1503/cmaj.111271. PMC 3414626. PMID 22586331.

“A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain”. Arthritis Rheum. 64 (6): 2028–37. (June 2012). doi:10.1002/art.34347. PMID 22231424.

Vos, T (2012-12-15). “Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.”. Lancet 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID 23245607.

Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW (2007). “The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence”. J Behav Med 30 (1): 77–94. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0. PMID 17180640.

Manusov EG (September 2012). “Evaluation and diagnosis of low back pain”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 471?9. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003. PMID 22958556.

North American Spine Society (February 2013), “Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question”, Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (North American Spine Society) 2013年3月25日閲覧。, which cites*Chou, R; Qaseem, A; Snow, V; Casey, D; Cross JT, Jr; Shekelle, P; Owens, DK; Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of, Physicians; American College of, Physicians; American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines, Panel (2007-10-02). “Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society.”. Annals of internal medicine 147 (7): 478?91. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006. PMID 17909209.

Forseen, SE; Corey, AS (Oct 2012). “Clinical decision support and acute low back pain: evidence-based order sets.”. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 9 (10): 704?712.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2012.02.014. PMID 23025864.
Williams CM, Henschke N, Maher CG, et al. (2013). “Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1: CD008643. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008643.pub2. PMID 23440831.
Henschke N, Maher CG, Ostelo RW, de Vet HC, Macaskill P, Irwig L (2013). “Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2: CD008686. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008686.pub2. PMID 23450586.
Downie, A.; Williams, C. M.; Henschke, N.; Hancock, M. J.; Ostelo, R. W. J. G.; de Vet, H. C. W.; Macaskill, P.; Irwig, L.; van Tulder, M. W.; Koes, B. W.; Maher, C. G. (2013-12-11). “Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review”. BMJ 347 (dec11 1): f7095?f7095. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7095. PMID 24335669.
Chou, R; Fu, R; Carrino, JA; Deyo, RA (2009-02-07). “Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Lancet 373 (9662): 463–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60172-0. PMID 19200918.
Chou, R; Qaseem, A, Owens, DK, Shekelle, P, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of, Physicians (2011-02-01). “Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians”. Annals of Internal Medicine 154 (3): 181–9. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. PMID 21282698.
Flynn TW, Smith B, Chou R (November 2011). “Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in low back pain: a reminder that unnecessary imaging may do as much harm as good”. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 41 (11): 838–46. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3618. PMID 21642763.
Deyo, RA; Mirza, SK; Turner, JA; Martin, BI (2009). “Overtreating Chronic Back Pain: Time to Back Off?”. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 22 (1): 62–8. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.01.080102. PMC 2729142. PMID 19124635.
Miller SM (September 2012). “Low back pain: pharmacologic management”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 499–510. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.005. PMID 22958559.
Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists' (CNT), Collaboration; Bhala, N; Emberson, J; Merhi, A; Abramson, S; Arber, N; Baron, JA; Bombardier, C; Cannon, C; Farkouh, ME; FitzGerald, GA; Goss, P; Halls, H; Hawk, E; Hawkey, C; Hennekens, C; Hochberg, M; Holland, LE; Kearney, PM; Laine, L; Lanas, A; Lance, P; Laupacis, A; Oates, J; Patrono, C; Schnitzer, TJ; Solomon, S; Tugwell, P; Wilson, K; Wittes, J; Baigent, C (2013-08-31). “Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials.”. Lancet 382 (9894): 769–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9. PMC 3778977. PMID 23726390.
Chaparro, LE; Furlan, AD; Deshpande, A; Mailis-Gagnon, A; Atlas, S; Turk, DC (2014-04-01). “Opioids compared with placebo or other treatments for chronic low back pain: an update of the Cochrane Review.”. Spine 39 (7): 556–63. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000249. PMID 24480962.
Franklin, G. M. (2014-09-29). “Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A position paper of the American Academy of Neurology”. Neurology 83 (14): 1277–1284. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000839.
de Leon-Casasola OA (March 2013). “Opioids for chronic pain: new evidence, new strategies, safe prescribing”. Am. J. Med. 126 (3 Suppl 1): S3–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.11.011. PMID 23414718.
Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, Rosenquist RW, Atlas SJ, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Grabois M, Murphy DR, Resnick DK, Stanos SP, Shaffer WO, Wall EM; American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel (2009). “Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society”. Spine 34 (10): 1066–77. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. PMID 19363457.
Pinto, RZ; Maher, CG; Ferreira, ML; Hancock, M; Oliveira, VC; McLachlan, AJ; Koes, B; Ferreira, PH (2012-12-18). “Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Annals of Internal Medicine 157 (12): 865–77. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564. PMID 23362516.
Manusov, EG (September 2012). “Surgical treatment of low back pain.”. Primary care 39 (3): 525–31. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.010. PMID 22958562.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD (May 2009). “Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline”. Spine 34 (10): 1094–109. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc. PMID 19363455.
Lee, CS; Hwang, CJ; Lee, DH; Kim, YT; Lee, HS (March 2011). “Fusion rates of instrumented lumbar spinal arthrodesis according to surgical approach: a systematic review of randomized trials.”. Clinics in orthopedic surgery 3 (1): 39–47. doi:10.4055/cios.2011.3.1.39. PMC 3042168. PMID 21369477.
Choi BK, Verbeek JH, Tam WW, Jiang JY (2010). Choi, Brian KL. ed. “Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD006555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2. PMID 20091596.
Hendrick P, Milosavljevic S, Hale L, et al. (March 2011). “The relationship between physical activity and low back pain outcomes: a systematic review of observational studies”. Eur Spine J 20 (3): 464?74. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1616-2. PMC 3048226. PMID 21053026.
Hendrick P, Te Wake AM, Tikkisetty AS, Wulff L, Yap C, Milosavljevic S (October 2010). “The effectiveness of walking as an intervention for low back pain: a systematic review”. Eur Spine J 19 (10): 1613?20. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1412-z. PMC 2989236. PMID 20414688.
French, SD.; Cameron, M.; Walker, BF.; Reggars, JW.; Esterman, AJ. (2006). “Superficial heat or cold for low back pain.”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004750. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004750.pub2. PMID 16437495.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Kuijpers T, Verhagen AP, Ostelo R, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (2011). “A systematic review on the effectiveness of physical and rehabilitation interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain”. Eur Spine J 20 (1): 19?39. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1518-3. PMC 3036018. PMID 20640863.
Guild DG (September 2012). “Mechanical therapy for low back pain”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 511?6. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.006. PMID 22958560.
Seco J, Kovacs FM, Urrutia G (October 2011). “The efficacy, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound and shock wave therapies for low back pain: a systematic review”. Spine J 11 (10): 966?77. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2011.02.002. PMID 21482199.
Ebadi, S.; Henschke, N.; Nakhostin Ansari, N.; Fallah, E.; van Tulder, MW. (2014). “Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low-back pain.”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD009169. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009169.pub2. PMID 24627326.
Smith C, Grimmer-Somers K. (2010). “The treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain”. J Eval Clin Pract 16 (3): 484?91. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01174.x. PMID 20438611.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (2010). “Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain”. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24 (2): 193?204. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.002. PMID 20227641.
Woodman, JP; Moore, NR (January 2012). “Evidence for the effectiveness of Alexander Technique lessons in medical and health-related conditions: a systematic review.”. International journal of clinical practice 66 (1): 98?112. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02817.x. PMID 22171910.
Posadzki, P; Ernst, E (September 2011). “Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.”. Clinical rheumatology 30 (9): 1257?62. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8. PMID 21590293.
Dubinsky, R. M.; Miyasaki, J. (2009). “Assessment: Efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology”. Neurology 74 (2): 173?6. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc. PMID 20042705.
Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Uval-Ne'eman V, et al. (April 2009). “Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group”. Spine 34 (9): 924?33. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be. PMID 19359999.
Stanton, TR; Latimer, J; Maher, CG; Hancock, MJ (April 2010). “How do we define the condition 'recurrent low back pain'? A systematic review.”. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 19 (4): 533–9. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-1214-3. PMID 19921522.
Chou, R; Shekelle, P (2010). “Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?”. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 303 (13): 1295–302. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.344. PMID 20371789.
Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E (January 2010). “The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis”. Am. J. Med. 123 (1): 87.e7–35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.028. PMID 20102998.
Maharty DC (September 2012). “The history of lower back pain: a look "back" through the centuries”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 463–70. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.002. PMID 22958555.
Lutz GK, Butzlaff M, Schultz-Venrath U (August 2003). “Looking back on back pain: trial and error of diagnoses in the 20th century”. Spine 28 (16): 1899–905. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000083365.41261.CF. PMID 12923482.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Japanese: 24^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

“A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain”. Arthritis Rheum. 64 (6): 2028–37. (June 2012). doi:10.1002/art.34347. PMID 22231424.

Casazza, BA (2012-02-15). “Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain”. American family physician 85 (4): 343?50. PMID 22335313.

Ehrlich GE (2003). “Back pain”. J Rheumatol Suppl 67: 26–31. PMID 12926648.

Wilke HJ, Neef P, Caimi M, Hoogland T, Claes LE (April 1999). “New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life”. Spine 24 (8): 755–62. PMID 10222525.

Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JD, Bentley G (1983). “Outline of a Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception--I”. Behav Res Ther 21 (4): 401–8. PMID 6626110.

Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ (1993). “A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability”. Pain 52 (2): 157–68. PMID 8455963.

Manusov EG (September 2012). “Evaluation and diagnosis of low back pain”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 471?9. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003. PMID 22958556.

Forseen, SE; Corey, AS (Oct 2012). “Clinical decision support and acute low back pain: evidence-based order sets.”. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 9 (10): 704?712.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2012.02.014. PMID 23025864.
Williams CM, Henschke N, Maher CG, et al. (2013). “Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1: CD008643. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008643.pub2. PMID 23440831.
Henschke N, Maher CG, Ostelo RW, de Vet HC, Macaskill P, Irwig L (2013). “Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2: CD008686. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008686.pub2. PMID 23450586.
Downie, A.; Williams, C. M.; Henschke, N.; Hancock, M. J.; Ostelo, R. W. J. G.; de Vet, H. C. W.; Macaskill, P.; Irwig, L.; van Tulder, M. W.; Koes, B. W.; Maher, C. G. (2013-12-11). “Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review”. BMJ 347 (dec11 1): f7095?f7095. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7095. PMID 24335669.
Manchikanti L, Glaser SE, Wolfer L, Derby R, Cohen SP (2009). “Systematic review of lumbar discography as a diagnostic test for chronic low back pain”. Pain Physician 12 (3): 541–59. PMID 19461822.
Chou, R; Fu, R; Carrino, JA; Deyo, RA (2009-02-07). “Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Lancet 373 (9662): 463–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60172-0. PMID 19200918.
Crownover BK, Bepko JL (April 2013). “Appropriate and safe use of diagnostic imaging”. Am Fam Physician 87 (7): 494–501. PMID 23547591.
Chou, R; Qaseem, A, Owens, DK, Shekelle, P, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of, Physicians (2011-02-01). “Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians”. Annals of Internal Medicine 154 (3): 181–9. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. PMID 21282698.
Flynn TW, Smith B, Chou R (November 2011). “Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in low back pain: a reminder that unnecessary imaging may do as much harm as good”. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 41 (11): 838–46. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3618. PMID 21642763.
Deyo, RA; Mirza, SK; Turner, JA; Martin, BI (2009). “Overtreating Chronic Back Pain: Time to Back Off?”. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 22 (1): 62–8. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.01.080102. PMC 2729142. PMID 19124635.
Buchbinder R, Jolley D, Wyatt M (2001). “2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Effects of a media campaign on back pain beliefs and its potential influence on management of low back pain in general practice”. Spine 26 (23): 2535–42. PMID 11725233.
Miller SM (September 2012). “Low back pain: pharmacologic management”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 499–510. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.005. PMID 22958559.
Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists' (CNT), Collaboration; Bhala, N; Emberson, J; Merhi, A; Abramson, S; Arber, N; Baron, JA; Bombardier, C; Cannon, C; Farkouh, ME; FitzGerald, GA; Goss, P; Halls, H; Hawk, E; Hawkey, C; Hennekens, C; Hochberg, M; Holland, LE; Kearney, PM; Laine, L; Lanas, A; Lance, P; Laupacis, A; Oates, J; Patrono, C; Schnitzer, TJ; Solomon, S; Tugwell, P; Wilson, K; Wittes, J; Baigent, C (2013-08-31). “Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials.”. Lancet 382 (9894): 769–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9. PMC 3778977. PMID 23726390.
Machado, GC; Maher, CG; Ferreira, PH; Pinheiro, MB; Lin, CW; Day, RO; McLachlan, AJ; Ferreira, ML (2015-03-31). “Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials.”. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 350: h1225. PMID 25828856.
Chaparro, LE; Furlan, AD; Deshpande, A; Mailis-Gagnon, A; Atlas, S; Turk, DC (2014-04-01). “Opioids compared with placebo or other treatments for chronic low back pain: an update of the Cochrane Review.”. Spine 39 (7): 556–63. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000249. PMID 24480962.
de Leon-Casasola OA (March 2013). “Opioids for chronic pain: new evidence, new strategies, safe prescribing”. Am. J. Med. 126 (3 Suppl 1): S3–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.11.011. PMID 23414718.
Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, Rosenquist RW, Atlas SJ, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Grabois M, Murphy DR, Resnick DK, Stanos SP, Shaffer WO, Wall EM; American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel (2009). “Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society”. Spine 34 (10): 1066–77. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. PMID 19363457.
Pinto, RZ; Maher, CG; Ferreira, ML; Hancock, M; Oliveira, VC; McLachlan, AJ; Koes, B; Ferreira, PH (2012-12-18). “Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Annals of Internal Medicine 157 (12): 865–77. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564. PMID 23362516.
Ehrlich GE (2003). “Back pain”. J Rheumatol Suppl 67: 26–31. PMID 12926648.
Manusov, EG (September 2012). “Surgical treatment of low back pain.”. Primary care 39 (3): 525–31. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.010. PMID 22958562.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD (May 2009). “Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline”. Spine 34 (10): 1094–109. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc. PMID 19363455.
Lee, CS; Hwang, CJ; Lee, DH; Kim, YT; Lee, HS (March 2011). “Fusion rates of instrumented lumbar spinal arthrodesis according to surgical approach: a systematic review of randomized trials.”. Clinics in orthopedic surgery 3 (1): 39–47. doi:10.4055/cios.2011.3.1.39. PMC 3042168. PMID 21369477.
Choi BK, Verbeek JH, Tam WW, Jiang JY (2010). Choi, Brian KL. ed. “Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD006555. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2. PMID 20091596.
Hendrick P, Milosavljevic S, Hale L, et al. (March 2011). “The relationship between physical activity and low back pain outcomes: a systematic review of observational studies”. Eur Spine J 20 (3): 464?74. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1616-2. PMC 3048226. PMID 21053026.
Hendrick P, Te Wake AM, Tikkisetty AS, Wulff L, Yap C, Milosavljevic S (October 2010). “The effectiveness of walking as an intervention for low back pain: a systematic review”. Eur Spine J 19 (10): 1613?20. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1412-z. PMC 2989236. PMID 20414688.
French, SD.; Cameron, M.; Walker, BF.; Reggars, JW.; Esterman, AJ. (2006). “Superficial heat or cold for low back pain.”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004750. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004750.pub2. PMID 16437495.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Kuijpers T, Verhagen AP, Ostelo R, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (2011). “A systematic review on the effectiveness of physical and rehabilitation interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain”. Eur Spine J 20 (1): 19?39. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1518-3. PMC 3036018. PMID 20640863.
Guild DG (September 2012). “Mechanical therapy for low back pain”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 511?6. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.006. PMID 22958560.
Seco J, Kovacs FM, Urrutia G (October 2011). “The efficacy, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound and shock wave therapies for low back pain: a systematic review”. Spine J 11 (10): 966?77. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2011.02.002. PMID 21482199.
Ebadi, S.; Henschke, N.; Nakhostin Ansari, N.; Fallah, E.; van Tulder, MW. (2014). “Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low-back pain.”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD009169. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009169.pub2. PMID 24627326.
Smith C, Grimmer-Somers K. (2010). “The treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain”. J Eval Clin Pract 16 (3): 484?91. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01174.x. PMID 20438611.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (2010). “Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain”. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 24 (2): 193?204. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.002. PMID 20227641.
Woodman, JP; Moore, NR (January 2012). “Evidence for the effectiveness of Alexander Technique lessons in medical and health-related conditions: a systematic review.”. International journal of clinical practice 66 (1): 98?112. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02817.x. PMID 22171910.
Posadzki, P; Ernst, E (September 2011). “Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.”. Clinical rheumatology 30 (9): 1257?62. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8. PMID 21590293.
Dubinsky, R. M.; Miyasaki, J. (2009). “Assessment: Efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology”. Neurology 74 (2): 173?6. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc. PMID 20042705.
Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Uval-Ne'eman V, et al. (April 2009). “Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group”. Spine 34 (9): 924?33. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be. PMID 19359999.
Nizard J, Raoul S, Nguyen JP, Lefaucheur JP (October 2012). “Invasive stimulation therapies for the treatment of refractory pain”. Discov Med 14 (77): 237?46. PMID 23114579.
Stanton, TR; Latimer, J; Maher, CG; Hancock, MJ (April 2010). “How do we define the condition 'recurrent low back pain'? A systematic review.”. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 19 (4): 533–9. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-1214-3. PMID 19921522.
Chou, R; Shekelle, P (2010). “Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?”. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 303 (13): 1295–302. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.344. PMID 20371789.
Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E (January 2010). “The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis”. Am. J. Med. 123 (1): 87.e7–35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.028. PMID 20102998.
Ehrlich GE (2003). “Low back pain”. Bull. World Health Organ. 81 (9): 671–6. PMC 2572532. PMID 14710509.
Maharty DC (September 2012). “The history of lower back pain: a look "back" through the centuries”. Prim. Care 39 (3): 463–70. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.002. PMID 22958555.
Lutz GK, Butzlaff M, Schultz-Venrath U (August 2003). “Looking back on back pain: trial and error of diagnoses in the 20th century”. Spine 28 (16): 1899–905. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000083365.41261.CF. PMID 12923482.
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各国のガイドラインの比較Eur Spine J. 2010 Dec; 19(12):2075-2094

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