Ospina, MB.; Bond, K.; Karkhaneh, M.; Tjosvold, L.; Vandermeer, B.; Liang, Y.; Bialy, L.; Hooton, N. et al. (June 2007). “Meditation practices for health: state of the research”. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) (155): 1–263 [4]. PMID17764203. http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/meditation/medit.pdf. "A few studies of overall poor methodological quality were available for each comparison in the meta-analyses, most of which reported nonsignificant results. TM had no advantage over health education to improve measures of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, heart rate, stress, anger, self-efficacy, cholesterol, dietary intake, and level of physical activity in hypertensive patients"
Caroline Winter, Feb 6, 2013, Bloomberg Business. "Transcendental Meditation May Help Stressed Vets", "The National Institute of Health has spent more than $25 million on TM studies, which show that it decreases anxiety, blood pressure, rates of heart attack, stroke, and death, as well as substance abuse, addiction, and depression."
Chryssides George D. Defining the New Spirituality http://www.cesnur.org/conferences/riga2000/chryssides.htm One possible suggestion is that religion demands exclusive allegiance: this would ipso facto exclude Scientology, TM and the Soka Gakkai simply on the grounds that they claim compatibility with whatever other religion the practitioner has been following. For example, TM is simply – as they state – a technique. Although it enables one to cope with life, it offers no goal beyond human existence (such as moksha), nor does it offer rites or passage or an ethic. Unlike certain other Hindu-derived movements, TM does not prescribe a dharma to its followers – that is to say a set of spiritual obligations deriving from one’s essential nature.
Schrodt, Phillip A. (1990). “A methodological critique of a test of the Maharishi technology of the unified field”. Journal of Conflict Resolution34 (4): 745–755. doi:10.1177/0022002790034004008. JSTOR174187.
Krisanaprakornkit T, Ngamjarus C, Witoonchart C, Piyavhatkul N (2010). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev6 (6): CD006507. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. PMID20556767. "As a result of the limited number of included studies, the small sample sizes and the high risk of bias"
Canter PH, Ernst E (November 2003). “The cumulative effects of Transcendental Meditation on cognitive function--a systematic review of randomised controlled trials”. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.115 (21–22): 758–66. doi:10.1007/BF03040500. PMID14743579. "All 4 positive trials recruited subjects from among people favourably predisposed towards TM, and used passive control procedures … The association observed between positive outcome, subject selection procedure and control procedure suggests that the large positive effects reported in 4 trials result from an expectation effect. The claim that TM has a specific and cumulative effect on cognitive function is not supported by the evidence from randomized controlled trials."
Krisanaprakornkit, T.; Krisanaprakornkit, W.; Piyavhatkul, N.; Laopaiboon, M. (2006). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004998.pub2. PMID16437509. "The small number of studies included in this review do not permit any conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of meditation therapy for anxiety disorders. Transcendental meditation is comparable with other kinds of relaxation therapies in reducing anxiety"
Krisanaprakornkit, T.; Ngamjarus, C.; Witoonchart, C.; Piyavhatkul, N. (2010). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev6 (6): CD006507. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. PMID20556767. "As a result of the limited number of included studies, the small sample sizes and the high risk of bias, we are unable to draw any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of meditation therapy for ADHD."
“Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. JAMA Intern Med174 (3): 357–68. (2014). doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018. PMID24395196. "... we found low evidence of no effect or insufficient evidence that mantra meditation programs had an effect on any of the psychological stress and well-being outcomes we examined."
Hartley, L; Mavrodaris, A; Flowers, N; Ernst, E; Rees, K (1 December 2014). “Transcendental meditation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.”. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews12: CD010359. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010359.pub2. PMID25436436.
“Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the american heart association”. Hypertension61 (6): 1360–83. (2013). doi:10.1161/HYP.0b013e318293645f. PMID23608661.
Bai, Z; Chang, J; Chen, C; Li, P; Yang, K; Chi, I (12 February 2015). “Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Journal of Human Hypertension. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.6. PMID25673114.
"The active thinking mind settles down to a state of inner calm without any effort. It’s not clearing your mind, as in focused awareness meditation, ……TM uses sounds or mantra that has no meaning as a vehicle to experience a quieter, less agitated thought process." Allice G. Walton, "Transcendental Meditation Makes A Comeback, With The Aim Of Giving Back", Forbes, Apr 27, 2015.
"Espie o que os famosos fazem quando o assunto é beleza e bem-estar". Yahoo! Brasil. Oct 8, 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014. Gisele Bündchen disse o que faz para manter a boa forma: meditação. 'Normalmente, faço a Meditação Transcedental, que é mais fácil de encaixar numa rotina agitada. É uma técnica simples, praticada duas vezes ao dia, durante 20 minutos.'
Schrodt, Phillip A. (1990). “A methodological critique of a test of the Maharishi technology of the unified field”. Journal of Conflict Resolution34 (4): 745–755. doi:10.1177/0022002790034004008. JSTOR174187.
Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M et al. (June 2007). "Meditation practices for health: state of the research". Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) (155): 62. PMID17764203.
Krisanaprakornkit T, Ngamjarus C, Witoonchart C, Piyavhatkul N (2010). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev6 (6): CD006507. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. PMID20556767. "As a result of the limited number of included studies, the small sample sizes and the high risk of bias"
Canter PH, Ernst E (November 2003). “The cumulative effects of Transcendental Meditation on cognitive function--a systematic review of randomised controlled trials”. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.115 (21–22): 758–66. doi:10.1007/BF03040500. PMID14743579. "All 4 positive trials recruited subjects from among people favourably predisposed towards TM, and used passive control procedures … The association observed between positive outcome, subject selection procedure and control procedure suggests that the large positive effects reported in 4 trials result from an expectation effect. The claim that TM has a specific and cumulative effect on cognitive function is not supported by the evidence from randomized controlled trials."
Krisanaprakornkit, T.; Krisanaprakornkit, W.; Piyavhatkul, N.; Laopaiboon, M. (2006). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004998.pub2. PMID16437509. "The small number of studies included in this review do not permit any conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of meditation therapy for anxiety disorders. Transcendental meditation is comparable with other kinds of relaxation therapies in reducing anxiety"
Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M (June 2007). “Meditation practices for health: state of the research”. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) (155): 1–263. PMID17764203. "Scientific research on meditation practices does not appear to have a common theoretical perspective and is characterized by poor methodological quality. Firm conclusions on the effects of meditation practices in healthcare cannot be drawn based on the available evidence."
Ospina, MB.; Bond, K.; Karkhaneh, M.; Tjosvold, L.; Vandermeer, B.; Liang, Y.; Bialy, L.; Hooton, N. et al. (June 2007). “Meditation practices for health: state of the research”. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) (155): 1–263 [4]. PMID17764203. http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/meditation/medit.pdf. "A few studies of overall poor methodological quality were available for each comparison in the meta-analyses, most of which reported nonsignificant results. TM had no advantage over health education to improve measures of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, heart rate, stress, anger, self-efficacy, cholesterol, dietary intake, and level of physical activity in hypertensive patients"
Krisanaprakornkit, T.; Ngamjarus, C.; Witoonchart, C.; Piyavhatkul, N. (2010). Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai. ed. “Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev6 (6): CD006507. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006507.pub2. PMID20556767. "As a result of the limited number of included studies, the small sample sizes and the high risk of bias, we are unable to draw any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of meditation therapy for ADHD."
“Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. JAMA Intern Med174 (3): 357–68. (2014). doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018. PMID24395196. "... we found low evidence of no effect or insufficient evidence that mantra meditation programs had an effect on any of the psychological stress and well-being outcomes we examined."
Hartley, L; Mavrodaris, A; Flowers, N; Ernst, E; Rees, K (1 December 2014). “Transcendental meditation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.”. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews12: CD010359. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010359.pub2. PMID25436436.
“Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the american heart association”. Hypertension61 (6): 1360–83. (2013). doi:10.1161/HYP.0b013e318293645f. PMID23608661.
Bai, Z; Chang, J; Chen, C; Li, P; Yang, K; Chi, I (12 February 2015). “Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Journal of Human Hypertension. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.6. PMID25673114.
Rainforth M.V., et al. Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Hypertension Reports 9:520–528, 2007. Full article
Schneider R.H., et al. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in the treatment of hypertension in African Americans during one year. American Journal of Hypertension 18(1): 88-98, 2005. Full article
Schneider R.H., et al. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > 55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 95: 1060-1064, 2005. Full article
Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EMS, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA (2014年). “Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being”. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2017年4月21日閲覧。 “Our review finds that the mantra meditation programs do not appear to improve any of the psychological stress and well-being outcomes we examined, but the strength of this evidence varies from low to insufficient.”
"A number of Indian companies provide the TM technique to their managers. These companies include AirTel, Siemens, American Express, SRF Limited, Wipro, Hero Honda, Ranbaxy, Hewlett Packard, BHEL,BPL Group, ESPN Star Sports, Tisco, Eveready, Maruti, Godrej Group and Marico." Khan, Sakina Ysuf (August 17, 2003). "TM: Corporate India's latest stress buster". The Times of India. Transcendental Meditation technique
“Miranda Kerr chooses happiness”. Yahoo News. 2014年6月29日閲覧。 “To help her stay grounded, the 31-year-old beauty likes to practise Transcendental Meditation for 20 minutes, twice a day.”
