Ephraim Emerton, Mediaeval Europe (814-1300), 1903; "Revival of the Roman Empire on a German Basis, 888-950" pp. 89–114;
Emertonは英語の「stem」をその古い意味である「同一の祖先をもつ民族」の意で用いた(Webster's (1828): "a race or generation of progenitors"; Oxford Dictionaries: "(archaic or literary) The main line of descent of a family or nation").
"We may fairly think of the German kingdom under Henry I as a federation of five distinct stems, each far more conscious of its stem-unity than of its share in the unity of the nation" (p. 105);
"All five stems were represented [at the election of Conrad II in 1024] by their leading men, not yet, so far as we know, by any well-defined process of representation, but only in pursuance of the ancient Germanic principle that every man who carried a sword had a right to speak on matters of the public weal." (p. 175)
google.ch
books.google.ch
Donald C. Jackman, The Konradiner: A Study in Genealogical Methodology, 1990, p. 87, Hans-Werner Guetz, "Dux" und "Ducatus." Begriffs- und verfassungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur Enstehung des sogenannten "jüngeren Stammesherzogtums" an der Wende vom neunten zum zehnten Jahrhundert, 1977.
"911年のドイツは、ザクセン、フランケン、バイエルン、シュヴァーベンおよびロートリンゲンの5つの部族大公領からなっていた。…それらの部族の人びとは異なった特徴を文化および言語の点でも持っていた。また、13世紀にはそれらの部族大公領は政治的な役割を失い、代わってそれより小規模な分領地が置かれるようになっていたものの、部族の方言や民間伝承は現在も残っており、今でも文化的多様性に関して強い関わりを持っている。この点で、ドイツは歴史的統一に関しては1000年の歴史を持っている。"（Hajo Holborn, A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation, 1982, p. 4）
mshaffer.com
1828.mshaffer.com
Ephraim Emerton, Mediaeval Europe (814-1300), 1903; "Revival of the Roman Empire on a German Basis, 888-950" pp. 89–114;
Emertonは英語の「stem」をその古い意味である「同一の祖先をもつ民族」の意で用いた(Webster's (1828): "a race or generation of progenitors"; Oxford Dictionaries: "(archaic or literary) The main line of descent of a family or nation").
"We may fairly think of the German kingdom under Henry I as a federation of five distinct stems, each far more conscious of its stem-unity than of its share in the unity of the nation" (p. 105);
"All five stems were represented [at the election of Conrad II in 1024] by their leading men, not yet, so far as we know, by any well-defined process of representation, but only in pursuance of the ancient Germanic principle that every man who carried a sword had a right to speak on matters of the public weal." (p. 175)
oxforddictionaries.com
Ephraim Emerton, Mediaeval Europe (814-1300), 1903; "Revival of the Roman Empire on a German Basis, 888-950" pp. 89–114;
Emertonは英語の「stem」をその古い意味である「同一の祖先をもつ民族」の意で用いた(Webster's (1828): "a race or generation of progenitors"; Oxford Dictionaries: "(archaic or literary) The main line of descent of a family or nation").
"We may fairly think of the German kingdom under Henry I as a federation of five distinct stems, each far more conscious of its stem-unity than of its share in the unity of the nation" (p. 105);
"All five stems were represented [at the election of Conrad II in 1024] by their leading men, not yet, so far as we know, by any well-defined process of representation, but only in pursuance of the ancient Germanic principle that every man who carried a sword had a right to speak on matters of the public weal." (p. 175)
