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Rubin, Vera C.; Ford, W. Kent, Jr. (1970). “Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions”. The Astrophysical Journal159: 379. doi:10.1086/150317. ISSN0004-637X.
Roberts, Morton S. (1966). “A High-Resolution 21-CM Hydrogen-Line Survey of the Andromeda Nebula”. The Astrophysical Journal144: 639. doi:10.1086/148645. ISSN0004-637X.
Freeman, K. C. (1970). “On the Disks of Spiral and so Galaxies”. The Astrophysical Journal160: 811. doi:10.1086/150474. ISSN0004-637X.