Galileo Galilei, Sidereus Nuncius (Venice, (Italy): Thomas Baglioni, 1610), pages 15 and 16.
English translation: Galileo Galilei with Edward Stafford Carlos, trans., The Sidereal Messenger (London, England: Rivingtons, 1880), pages 42 and 43.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F.. Galileo Galilei. University of St. Andrews (November 2002). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2012-05-30. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-08.
Adams, Fred; Laughlin, Greg. The Great Cosmic Battle. Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2006-07-13). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2012-07-31. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-16.
Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.; Juraszek, S. (2000). „Mapping the hidden Universe: The galaxy distribution in the Zone of Avoidance“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 17 (1): 6–12. arXiv:astro-ph/9910572. Bibcode:1999astro.ph.10572K. doi:10.1071/AS00006.
Ho, L. C.; Filippenko, A. V.; Sargent, W. L. W. (1997). „A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. V. Demographics of Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies“. Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): 568–578. arXiv:astro-ph/9704108. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487..568H. doi:10.1086/304638.
Firmani, C.; Avila-Reese, V. (2003). „Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence“. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 17: 107–120. arXiv:astro-ph/0303543. Bibcode:2003RMxAC..17..107F.
Adams, Fred; Laughlin, Greg. The Great Cosmic Battle. Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2006-07-13). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2012-07-31. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-16.
Ponman, T.. Galaxy Systems: Groups. University of Birmingham Astrophysics and Space Research Group (2005-02-25). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2009-02-15. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-15.
Thomas Wright, An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe … (London, England: H. Chapelle, 1750). From p.48: " … the stars are not infinitely dispersed and distributed in a promiscuous manner throughout all the mundane space, without order or design, … this phænomenon [is] no other than a certain effect arising from the observer's situation, … To a spectator placed in an indefinite space, … it [i.e., the Milky Way (Via Lactea)] [is] a vast ring of stars … " On page 73, Wright called the Milky Way the Vortex Magnus (the great whirlpool) and estimated its diameter at 8.64×1012 miles (13.9×1012 km).
Smith, G.. Galaxies — The Spiral Nebulae. University of California, San Diego Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences (2000-03-06). ციტირების თარიღი: 2006-11-30.
Smith, G.. Starbursts & Colliding Galaxies. University of California, San Diego Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences (2006-07-13). ციტირების თარიღი: 2006-08-10.
Livingston, J. W. (1971). „Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation“. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (1): 96–103 [99]. doi:10.2307/600445. ISSN0003-0279. JSTOR600445.
Curtis, H. D. (1988). „Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 100: 6. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. doi:10.1086/132128.
Rubin, V. C. (2000). „One Hundred Years of Rotating Galaxies“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (772): 747–750. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..747R. doi:10.1086/316573.
Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.; Juraszek, S. (2000). „Mapping the hidden Universe: The galaxy distribution in the Zone of Avoidance“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 17 (1): 6–12. arXiv:astro-ph/9910572. Bibcode:1999astro.ph.10572K. doi:10.1071/AS00006.
Ho, L. C.; Filippenko, A. V.; Sargent, W. L. W. (1997). „A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. V. Demographics of Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies“. Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): 568–578. arXiv:astro-ph/9704108. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487..568H. doi:10.1086/304638.
Eggen, O. J.; Lynden-Bell, D.; Sandage, A. R. (1962). „Evidence from the motions of old stars that the Galaxy collapsed“. Reports on Progress in Physics. 136: 748. Bibcode:1962ApJ...136..748E. doi:10.1086/147433.
Searle, L.; Zinn, R. (1978). „Compositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo“. Astrophysical Journal. 225 (1): 357–379. Bibcode:1978ApJ...225..357S. doi:10.1086/156499.
Kennicutt Jr., R. C.; Tamblyn, P.; Congdon, C. E. (1994). „Past and future star formation in disk galaxies“. Astrophysical Journal. 435 (1): 22–36. Bibcode:1994ApJ...435...22K. doi:10.1086/174790.
Mandolesi, N.; et al. (1986). „Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background“. Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. et al.-ის დაწვრილებითი გამოყენება |author2=-ში (დახმარება)
Trimble, V. (1999). „Robert Trumpler and the (Non)transparency of Space“. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 31 (31): 1479. Bibcode:1999AAS...195.7409T.
Slipher, V. M. (1913). „The radial velocity of the Andromeda Nebula“. Lowell Observatory Bulletin. 1: 56–57. Bibcode:1913LowOB...2...56S.
Curtis, H. D. (1988). „Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 100: 6. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. doi:10.1086/132128.
Rubin, V. C. (2000). „One Hundred Years of Rotating Galaxies“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (772): 747–750. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..747R. doi:10.1086/316573.
Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.; Juraszek, S. (2000). „Mapping the hidden Universe: The galaxy distribution in the Zone of Avoidance“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 17 (1): 6–12. arXiv:astro-ph/9910572. Bibcode:1999astro.ph.10572K. doi:10.1071/AS00006.
Bell, G. R.; Levine, S. E. (1997). „Mass of the Milky Way and Dwarf Spheroidal Stream Membership“. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29 (2): 1384. Bibcode:1997AAS...19110806B.
Gerber, R. A.; Lamb, S. A.; Balsara, D. S. (1994). „Ring Galaxy Evolution as a Function of "Intruder" Mass“. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 26: 911. Bibcode:1994AAS...184.3204G.
Heckman, T. M. (1980). „An optical and radio survey of the nuclei of bright galaxies — Activity in normal galactic nuclei“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 87: 152–164. Bibcode:1980A&A....87..152H.
Ho, L. C.; Filippenko, A. V.; Sargent, W. L. W. (1997). „A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. V. Demographics of Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies“. Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): 568–578. arXiv:astro-ph/9704108. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487..568H. doi:10.1086/304638.
Firmani, C.; Avila-Reese, V. (2003). „Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence“. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 17: 107–120. arXiv:astro-ph/0303543. Bibcode:2003RMxAC..17..107F.
Eggen, O. J.; Lynden-Bell, D.; Sandage, A. R. (1962). „Evidence from the motions of old stars that the Galaxy collapsed“. Reports on Progress in Physics. 136: 748. Bibcode:1962ApJ...136..748E. doi:10.1086/147433.
Searle, L.; Zinn, R. (1978). „Compositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo“. Astrophysical Journal. 225 (1): 357–379. Bibcode:1978ApJ...225..357S. doi:10.1086/156499.
Kennicutt Jr., R. C.; Tamblyn, P.; Congdon, C. E. (1994). „Past and future star formation in disk galaxies“. Astrophysical Journal. 435 (1): 22–36. Bibcode:1994ApJ...435...22K. doi:10.1086/174790.
Mandolesi, N.; et al. (1986). „Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background“. Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. et al.-ის დაწვრილებითი გამოყენება |author2=-ში (დახმარება)
Livingston, J. W. (1971). „Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation“. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (1): 96–103 [99]. doi:10.2307/600445. ISSN0003-0279. JSTOR600445.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F.. Galileo Galilei. University of St. Andrews (November 2002). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2012-05-30. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-08.
Ponman, T.. Galaxy Systems: Groups. University of Birmingham Astrophysics and Space Research Group (2005-02-25). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 2009-02-15. ციტირების თარიღი: 2007-01-15.
Livingston, J. W. (1971). „Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation“. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (1): 96–103 [99]. doi:10.2307/600445. ISSN0003-0279. JSTOR600445.