დიდი აფეთქება (Georgian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "დიდი აფეთქება" in Georgian language version.

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63harvard.edu

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aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; Georgian: 3,655^th place)

Schewe, Phillip F.; Stein, Ben P. (20 April 2005). „An Ocean of Quarks“. Physics News Update. 728 (1). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 23 April 2005. ციტირების თარიღი: 30 November 2019. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Georgian: 5^th place)

Kragh 1996, p. 319: "At the same time that observations tipped the balance definitely in favor of relativistic big-bang theory, ..."
Drees 1990, p. 223–224
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- Translated in: Friedmann, Alexander (December 1999). „On the Curvature of Space“. General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995.
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  - Translated in: Lemaître, Georges (March 1931). „A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-galactic Nebulæ“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91 (5): 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483.
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  - Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
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  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Herman, Robert (13 November 1948). „Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0. S2CID 4113488.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Ellis, George F. R. (April 1968). „The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe“. The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 25. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...25H. doi:10.1086/149520.
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  - Reiss, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Challis, Peter; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Diercks, Alan; Garnavich, Peter M.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Leibundgut, B.; Phillips, M. M.; Reiss, David; Schmidt, Brian P.; Schommer, Robert A.; Smith, R. Chris; Spyromilio, J.; Stubbs, Christopher; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John (1998). „Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant“. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–1038. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. doi:10.1086/300499.
  - Krauss 2012, p. 118
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
  - Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (March 1999). „A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology“. Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1086/392675. JSTOR 188736. S2CID 120393154.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; Georgian: 140^th place)

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
Ivanchik, Alexandre V.; Potekhin, Alexander Y.; Varshalovich, Dmitry A. (March 1999). „The fine-structure constant: a new observational limit on its cosmological variation and some theoretical consequences“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 343 (2): 439–445. arXiv:astro-ph/9810166. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..439I.
Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). „Experimental Tests of General Relativity“. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv:0806.1731. Bibcode:2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160.
Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (31 March 2004). „Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/as03040. S2CID 13068122.
Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). „Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe“. Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv:hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode:1993PhLB..314..298E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262.
Planck Collaboration (October 2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. (See Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.)
Høg, Erik (2014). „Astrosociology: Interviews about an infinite universe“. Asian Journal of Physics. arXiv:1408.4795. Bibcode:2014arXiv1408.4795H.
Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia; Peiris, Hiranya V.; et al. (September 2003). „First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (1): 175–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. doi:10.1086/377226. S2CID 10794058.
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; et al. (June 2007). „Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. doi:10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346.
Reiss, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Challis, Peter; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Diercks, Alan; Garnavich, Peter M.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Leibundgut, B.; Phillips, M. M.; Reiss, David; Schmidt, Brian P.; Schommer, Robert A.; Smith, R. Chris; Spyromilio, J.; Stubbs, Christopher; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John (1998). „Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant“. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–1038. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. doi:10.1086/300499.
Perlmutter, S.; Aldering, G.; Goldhaber, G.; Knop, R.A.; Nugent, P.; Castro, P.G.; Deustua, S.; Fabbro, S.; Goobar, A.; Groom, D.E.; Hook, I.M.; Kim, A.G.; Kim, M.Y.; Lee, J.C.; Nunes, N.J.; Pain, R.; Pennypacker, C.R.; Quimby, R.; Lidman, C.; Ellis, R.S.; Irwin, M.; McMahon, R.G.; Ruiz-Lapuente, P.; Walton, N.; Schaefer, B.; Boyle, B.J.; Filippenko, A.V.; Matheson, T.; Fruchter, A.S.; Panagia, N.; Newberg, H.J.M.; Couch, W.J. (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae“. The Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–586. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. doi:10.1086/307221.
Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (December 2005). „Cusps in cold dark matter haloes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x.
Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
Bennett, Charles L.; Larson, Davin; Weiland, Janet L.; et al. (October 2013). „Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): Article 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
Miller, Andre D.; Caldwell, Robert H.; Devlin, Mark Joseph; et al. (10 October 1999). „A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. doi:10.1086/312293. S2CID 1924091.
Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
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Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.
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Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
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Dodelson, Scott (31 December 2011). „The Real Problem with MOND“. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 20 (14): 2749–2753. arXiv:1112.1320. Bibcode:2011IJMPD..20.2749D. doi:10.1142/S0218271811020561. S2CID 119194106.
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Caldwell, Robert R.; Kamionkowski, Marc; Weinberg, Nevin N. (15 August 2003). „Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w<−1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday“. Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301. PMID 12935004.
Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
- Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
  - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
  - He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (3 April 2014). „Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing“. Physical Review D. 89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. S2CID 118371273.
  - Langlois, David (2003). „Brane Cosmology“. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181. S2CID 9751130.

astrosociety.org (Global: low place; Georgian: 1,742^nd place)

Filippenko, Alexei V.; Pasachoff, Jay M. (March–April 2002). „A Universe from Nothing“. Mercury. 31 (2): 15. Bibcode:2002Mercu..31b..15F. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 22 October 2013. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 March 2010. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Georgian: 11^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

„'Big bang' astronomer dies“. Sci/Tech. BBC News. London: BBC. 22 August 2001. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 3 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; Georgian: 59^th place)

Ghosh, Pallab (11 February 2016). „Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes“. Science & Environment. BBC News. London: BBC. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 11 February 2016. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 April 2017.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; Georgian: 352^nd place)

astro.berkeley.edu

Perley, Daniel. (21 February 2005) Determination of the Universe's Age, t_o. Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019

bicepkeck.org (Global: low place; Georgian: low place)

BICEP2 March 2014 Results and Data Products. FAS Research Computing, Harvard University (16 December 2014). ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Georgian: 6^th place)

Chow 2008, p. 211
Partridge 1995, p. xvii
Francis, Charles (2018). Light after Dark I: Structures of the Sky. Troubador Publishing Ltd, გვ. 199. ISBN 9781785897122.
Mitton 2011, p. 129: "To create a picture in the mind of the listener, Hoyle had likened the explosive theory of the universe's origin to a 'big bang'."
Harris 2002, p. 128
Frame 2009, p. 137–141
Harrison 2010, p. 9
Harris 2002, p. 129

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; Georgian: 2,288^th place)

joh.cam.ac.uk

Hoyle on the Radio: Creating the 'Big Bang'. St John's College. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019

cern.ch (Global: 1,959^th place; Georgian: 5,981^st place)

cds.cern.ch

Linde, Andrei D. (May 1986). „Eternal Chaotic Inflation“. Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 April 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Georgian: 7^th place)

doi.org

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eso.org (Global: 3,034^th place; Georgian: 1,523^rd place)

Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).

fermatslibrary.com (Global: low place; Georgian: low place)

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google.com (Global: 163^rd place; Georgian: 138^th place)

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gsu.edu (Global: 1,911^th place; Georgian: 755^th place)

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handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; Georgian: 1,109^th place)

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de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Georgian: 39^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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imperial.ac.uk (Global: 7,025^th place; Georgian: 5,679^th place)

spiral.imperial.ac.uk

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jetpletters.ac.ru (Global: low place; Georgian: low place)

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Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray. NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies. NASA (7 January 2014). ციტირების თარიღი: 8 January 2014
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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      - Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.
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wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Georgian: 196^th place)

media.wiley.com

Belušević 2008, p. 16

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White, Martin (1999). „Anisotropies in the CMB“. Arisaka, Katsushi; Bern, Zvi. Division of Particles and Fields Conference 1999 (DPF '99). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles on behalf of the American Physical Society. OCLC 43669022. Talk #9-10: The Cosmic Microwave Background. http://www.dpf99.library.ucla.edu/session9/white0910.pdf. წაკითხვის თარიღი: 9 December 2019.
Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). „Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun“. Space & Cosmos. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on March 18, 2014, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun." The online version of this article was originally titled "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang".
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zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; Georgian: 1,188^th place)

Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
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space.com (Global: 936^th place; Georgian: 597^th place)

spektrum.de (Global: 1,960^th place; Georgian: low place)

ua.edu (Global: 6,019^th place; Georgian: 4,661^st place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; Georgian: 581^st place)

ucsc.edu (Global: 3,619^th place; Georgian: 3,656^th place)

uu.nl (Global: 2,467^th place; Georgian: 8,383^rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Georgian: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Georgian: 196^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Georgian: 26^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; Georgian: 36^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; Georgian: 1,188^th place)