დიდი აფეთქება (Georgian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "დიდი აფეთქება" in Georgian language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Georgian rank

63harvard.edu

18^th place

39^th place

60doi.org

2^nd place

7^th place

37semanticscholar.org

11^th place

148^th place

34arxiv.org

69^th place

140^th place

20web.archive.org

1^st place

19archive.org

6^th place

5^th place

13nih.gov

4^th place

8^th place

8books.google.com

3^rd place

6^th place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

26^th place

7nasa.gov

75^th place

35^th place

4nytimes.com

7^th place

29^th place

4space.com

936^th place

597^th place

4ucla.edu

782^nd place

581^st place

3psu.edu

207^th place

426^th place

2scientificamerican.com

896^th place

479^th place

2handle.net

102^nd place

1,109^th place

2nationalacademies.org

7,189^th place

2,955^th place

2ua.edu

6,019^th place

4,661^st place

1mpg.de

1,624^th place

357^th place

1google.com

163^rd place

138^th place

1gsu.edu

1,911^th place

755^th place

1aip.org

2,204^th place

3,655^th place

1uu.nl

2,467^th place

8,383^rd place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

11^th place

1cam.ac.uk

670^th place

2,288^th place

1pbs.org

198^th place

372^nd place

1ibsu.edu.ge

low place

2,021^st place

1fermatslibrary.com

low place

1eso.org

3,034^th place

1,523^rd place

1imperial.ac.uk

7,025^th place

5,679^th place

1bicepkeck.org

low place

1ucsc.edu

3,619^th place

3,656^th place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

352^nd place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

196^th place

1bbc.com

20^th place

59^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

87^th place

1princeton.edu

741^st place

158^th place

1jetpletters.ac.ru

low place

1astrosociety.org

low place

1,742^nd place

1youtube.com

9^th place

36^th place

1spektrum.de

1,960^th place

low place

1hawking.org.uk

low place

1sciencedirect.com

149^th place

253^rd place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

1,188^th place

1cern.ch

1,959^th place

5,981^st place

aip.org

Schewe, Phillip F.; Stein, Ben P. (20 April 2005). „An Ocean of Quarks“. Physics News Update. 728 (1). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 23 April 2005. ციტირების თარიღი: 30 November 2019. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)

archive.org

Kragh 1996, p. 319: "At the same time that observations tipped the balance definitely in favor of relativistic big-bang theory, ..."
Drees 1990, p. 223–224
(1988) The early universe. Reidel. ISBN 90-277-2619-1. OCLC 905464231.
Slipher, Vesto M. (January 1915). „Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae“. Popular Astronomy. 23: 21–24. Bibcode:1915PA.....23...21S.
Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). „Über die Krümmung des Raumes“. Zeitschrift für Physik (გერმანული). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.
- Translated in: Friedmann, Alexander (December 1999). „On the Curvature of Space“. General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995.
- Lemaître, Georges (April 1927). „Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extra-galactiques“. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles (ფრანგული). 47: 49–59. Bibcode:1927ASSB...47...49L.
  - Translated in: Lemaître, Georges (March 1931). „A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-galactic Nebulæ“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91 (5): 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483.
  - Lemaître, Abbé Georges (24 October 1931). „Contributions to a British Association Discussion on the Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 128 (3234): 704–706. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0. S2CID 4028196.
  - Eddington, Arthur S. (21 March 1931). „The End of the World: from the Standpoint of Mathematical Physics“. Nature. 127 (3203): 447–453. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..447E. doi:10.1038/127447a0. S2CID 4140648.
  - Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George (1 April 1948). „The Origin of Chemical Elements“. Physical Review. 73 (7): 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. PMID 18877094.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Herman, Robert (13 November 1948). „Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0. S2CID 4113488.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Ellis, George F. R. (April 1968). „The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe“. The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 25. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...25H. doi:10.1086/149520.
  - Boggess, Nancy W.; Mather, John C.; Weiss, Rainer; et al. (1 October 1992). „The COBE Mission: Its Design and Performance Two Years after the launch“. The Astrophysical Journal. 397: 420–429. Bibcode:1992ApJ...397..420B. doi:10.1086/171797.
  - Reiss, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Challis, Peter; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Diercks, Alan; Garnavich, Peter M.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Leibundgut, B.; Phillips, M. M.; Reiss, David; Schmidt, Brian P.; Schommer, Robert A.; Smith, R. Chris; Spyromilio, J.; Stubbs, Christopher; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John (1998). „Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant“. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–1038. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. doi:10.1086/300499.
  - Krauss 2012, p. 118
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
  - Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (March 1999). „A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology“. Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1086/392675. JSTOR 188736. S2CID 120393154.

arxiv.org

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
Ivanchik, Alexandre V.; Potekhin, Alexander Y.; Varshalovich, Dmitry A. (March 1999). „The fine-structure constant: a new observational limit on its cosmological variation and some theoretical consequences“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 343 (2): 439–445. arXiv:astro-ph/9810166. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..439I.
Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). „Experimental Tests of General Relativity“. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv:0806.1731. Bibcode:2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160.
Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (31 March 2004). „Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/as03040. S2CID 13068122.
Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). „Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe“. Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv:hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode:1993PhLB..314..298E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262.
Planck Collaboration (October 2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. (See Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.)
Høg, Erik (2014). „Astrosociology: Interviews about an infinite universe“. Asian Journal of Physics. arXiv:1408.4795. Bibcode:2014arXiv1408.4795H.
Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia; Peiris, Hiranya V.; et al. (September 2003). „First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (1): 175–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. doi:10.1086/377226. S2CID 10794058.
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; et al. (June 2007). „Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. doi:10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346.
Reiss, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Challis, Peter; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Diercks, Alan; Garnavich, Peter M.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Leibundgut, B.; Phillips, M. M.; Reiss, David; Schmidt, Brian P.; Schommer, Robert A.; Smith, R. Chris; Spyromilio, J.; Stubbs, Christopher; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John (1998). „Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant“. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–1038. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. doi:10.1086/300499.
Perlmutter, S.; Aldering, G.; Goldhaber, G.; Knop, R.A.; Nugent, P.; Castro, P.G.; Deustua, S.; Fabbro, S.; Goobar, A.; Groom, D.E.; Hook, I.M.; Kim, A.G.; Kim, M.Y.; Lee, J.C.; Nunes, N.J.; Pain, R.; Pennypacker, C.R.; Quimby, R.; Lidman, C.; Ellis, R.S.; Irwin, M.; McMahon, R.G.; Ruiz-Lapuente, P.; Walton, N.; Schaefer, B.; Boyle, B.J.; Filippenko, A.V.; Matheson, T.; Fruchter, A.S.; Panagia, N.; Newberg, H.J.M.; Couch, W.J. (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae“. The Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–586. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. doi:10.1086/307221.
Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (December 2005). „Cusps in cold dark matter haloes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x.
Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
Bennett, Charles L.; Larson, Davin; Weiland, Janet L.; et al. (October 2013). „Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): Article 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
Miller, Andre D.; Caldwell, Robert H.; Devlin, Mark Joseph; et al. (10 October 1999). „A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. doi:10.1086/312293. S2CID 1924091.
Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
Bertschinger, Edmund (2000). "Cosmological Perturbation Theory and Structure Formation". arXiv:astro-ph/0101009.
Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.
Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
Rugh, Svend E.; Zinkernagel, Henrik (December 2002). „The quantum vacuum and the cosmological constant problem“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B. 33 (4): 663–705. arXiv:hep-th/0012253. Bibcode:2002SHPMP..33..663R. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3. S2CID 9007190.
Dodelson, Scott (31 December 2011). „The Real Problem with MOND“. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 20 (14): 2749–2753. arXiv:1112.1320. Bibcode:2011IJMPD..20.2749D. doi:10.1142/S0218271811020561. S2CID 119194106.
Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (April 1997). „A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790..
Caldwell, Robert R.; Kamionkowski, Marc; Weinberg, Nevin N. (15 August 2003). „Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w<−1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday“. Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301. PMID 12935004.
Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
- Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
  - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
  - He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (3 April 2014). „Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing“. Physical Review D. 89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. S2CID 118371273.
  - Langlois, David (2003). „Brane Cosmology“. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181. S2CID 9751130.

astrosociety.org

Filippenko, Alexei V.; Pasachoff, Jay M. (March–April 2002). „A Universe from Nothing“. Mercury. 31 (2): 15. Bibcode:2002Mercu..31b..15F. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 22 October 2013. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 March 2010. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

„'Big bang' astronomer dies“. Sci/Tech. BBC News. London: BBC. 22 August 2001. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 3 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019.

bbc.com

Ghosh, Pallab (11 February 2016). „Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes“. Science & Environment. BBC News. London: BBC. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 11 February 2016. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 April 2017.

berkeley.edu

astro.berkeley.edu

Perley, Daniel. (21 February 2005) Determination of the Universe's Age, t_o. Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019

bicepkeck.org

BICEP2 March 2014 Results and Data Products. FAS Research Computing, Harvard University (16 December 2014). ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019

books.google.com

Chow 2008, p. 211
Partridge 1995, p. xvii
Francis, Charles (2018). Light after Dark I: Structures of the Sky. Troubador Publishing Ltd, გვ. 199. ISBN 9781785897122.
Mitton 2011, p. 129: "To create a picture in the mind of the listener, Hoyle had likened the explosive theory of the universe's origin to a 'big bang'."
Harris 2002, p. 128
Frame 2009, p. 137–141
Harrison 2010, p. 9
Harris 2002, p. 129

cam.ac.uk

joh.cam.ac.uk

Hoyle on the Radio: Creating the 'Big Bang'. St John's College. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Linde, Andrei D. (May 1986). „Eternal Chaotic Inflation“. Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 April 2019.

doi.org

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). „Experimental Tests of General Relativity“. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv:0806.1731. Bibcode:2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160.
Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (31 March 2004). „Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/as03040. S2CID 13068122.
Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). „Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe“. Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv:hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode:1993PhLB..314..298E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262.
Planck Collaboration (October 2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. (See Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.)
Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia; Peiris, Hiranya V.; et al. (September 2003). „First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (1): 175–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. doi:10.1086/377226. S2CID 10794058.
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
Kragh, Helge (April 2013). „Big Bang: the etymology of a name“. Astronomy & Geophysics. 54 (2): 2.28–2.30. Bibcode:2013A&G....54b2.28K. doi:10.1093/astrogeo/att035.
Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). „Über die Krümmung des Raumes“. Zeitschrift für Physik (გერმანული). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.
- Translated in: Friedmann, Alexander (December 1999). „On the Curvature of Space“. General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995.
- Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.
- Lemaître, Georges (April 1927). „Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extra-galactiques“. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles (ფრანგული). 47: 49–59. Bibcode:1927ASSB...47...49L.
  - Translated in: Lemaître, Georges (March 1931). „A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-galactic Nebulæ“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91 (5): 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483.
  - Lemaître, Abbé Georges (24 October 1931). „Contributions to a British Association Discussion on the Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 128 (3234): 704–706. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0. S2CID 4028196.
  - Eddington, Arthur S. (21 March 1931). „The End of the World: from the Standpoint of Mathematical Physics“. Nature. 127 (3203): 447–453. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..447E. doi:10.1038/127447a0. S2CID 4140648.
  - Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
  - Zwicky, Fritz (15 October 1929). „On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (10): 773–779. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..773Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.10.773. PMC 522555. PMID 16577237.
  - Hoyle, Fred (October 1948). „A New Model for the Expanding Universe“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 108 (5): 372–382. Bibcode:1948MNRAS.108..372H. doi:10.1093/mnras/108.5.372.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George (1 April 1948). „The Origin of Chemical Elements“. Physical Review. 73 (7): 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. PMID 18877094.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Herman, Robert (13 November 1948). „Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0. S2CID 4113488.
  - Penzias, Arno A.; Wilson, R. W. (July 1965). „A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s“. The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 14 October 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Ellis, George F. R. (April 1968). „The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe“. The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 25. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...25H. doi:10.1086/149520.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Penrose, Roger (27 January 1970). „The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode:1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1970.0021.
  - Guth, Alan (15 January 1981). „Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems“. Physical Review D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347.
  - Huchra, John P. (2008). „The Hubble Constant“. Science. 256 (5055): 321–5. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.321. PMID 17743107. S2CID 206574821. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 30 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
  - Navabi, Ali Akbar; Riazi, Nematollah (March 2003). „Is the Age Problem Resolved?“. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 24 (1–2): 3–10. Bibcode:2003JApA...24....3N. doi:10.1007/BF03012187. S2CID 123471347.
  - Boggess, Nancy W.; Mather, John C.; Weiss, Rainer; et al. (1 October 1992). „The COBE Mission: Its Design and Performance Two Years after the launch“. The Astrophysical Journal. 397: 420–429. Bibcode:1992ApJ...397..420B. doi:10.1086/171797.
  - Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; et al. (June 2007). „Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. doi:10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346.
  - Reiss, Adam G.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Challis, Peter; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Diercks, Alan; Garnavich, Peter M.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Jha, Saurabh; Kirshner, Robert P.; Leibundgut, B.; Phillips, M. M.; Reiss, David; Schmidt, Brian P.; Schommer, Robert A.; Smith, R. Chris; Spyromilio, J.; Stubbs, Christopher; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John (1998). „Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant“. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–1038. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. doi:10.1086/300499.
  - Perlmutter, S.; Aldering, G.; Goldhaber, G.; Knop, R.A.; Nugent, P.; Castro, P.G.; Deustua, S.; Fabbro, S.; Goobar, A.; Groom, D.E.; Hook, I.M.; Kim, A.G.; Kim, M.Y.; Lee, J.C.; Nunes, N.J.; Pain, R.; Pennypacker, C.R.; Quimby, R.; Lidman, C.; Ellis, R.S.; Irwin, M.; McMahon, R.G.; Ruiz-Lapuente, P.; Walton, N.; Schaefer, B.; Boyle, B.J.; Filippenko, A.V.; Matheson, T.; Fruchter, A.S.; Panagia, N.; Newberg, H.J.M.; Couch, W.J. (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae“. The Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–586. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. doi:10.1086/307221.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (December 2005). „Cusps in cold dark matter haloes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x.
  - Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
  - Bennett, Charles L.; Larson, Davin; Weiland, Janet L.; et al. (October 2013). „Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): Article 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
  - Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
  - de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
  - Miller, Andre D.; Caldwell, Robert H.; Devlin, Mark Joseph; et al. (10 October 1999). „A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. doi:10.1086/312293. S2CID 1924091.
  - Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
  - Bertschinger, Edmund (September 1998). „Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe“ (PDF). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599. S2CID 29015610. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან (PDF) — 2019-03-09. ციტირების თარიღი: 2021-06-08. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
  - Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
  - Srianand, Raghunathan; Noterdaeme, Pasquier; Ledoux, Cédric; et al. (May 2008). „First detection of CO in a high-redshift damped Lyman-α system“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 482 (3): L39–L42. Bibcode:2008A&A...482L..39S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809727.
  - Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.
  - Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (March 1999). „A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology“. Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1086/392675. JSTOR 188736. S2CID 120393154.
  - Steinhardt, Paul J. (April 2011). „The Inflation Debate: Is the theory at the heart of modern cosmology deeply flawed?“ (PDF). Scientific American. 304 (4): 36–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0411-36. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 1 November 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 23 December 2019.
  - Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
  - Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
  - Rugh, Svend E.; Zinkernagel, Henrik (December 2002). „The quantum vacuum and the cosmological constant problem“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B. 33 (4): 663–705. arXiv:hep-th/0012253. Bibcode:2002SHPMP..33..663R. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3. S2CID 9007190.
  - Dodelson, Scott (31 December 2011). „The Real Problem with MOND“. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 20 (14): 2749–2753. arXiv:1112.1320. Bibcode:2011IJMPD..20.2749D. doi:10.1142/S0218271811020561. S2CID 119194106.
  - Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (April 1997). „A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790..
  - Caldwell, Robert R.; Kamionkowski, Marc; Weinberg, Nevin N. (15 August 2003). „Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w<−1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday“. Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301. PMID 12935004.
  - Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
    - Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
      - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
      - He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (3 April 2014). „Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing“. Physical Review D. 89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. S2CID 118371273.
      - Lincoln, Maya; Wasser, Avi (1 December 2013). „Spontaneous creation of the Universe Ex Nihilo“. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2 (4): 195–199. Bibcode:2013PDU.....2..195L. doi:10.1016/j.dark.2013.11.004. ISSN 2212-6864.
      - Hartle, James H.; Hawking, Stephen W. (15 December 1983). „Wave function of the Universe“. Physical Review D. 28 (12): 2960–2975. Bibcode:1983PhRvD..28.2960H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960.
      - Langlois, David (2003). „Brane Cosmology“. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181. S2CID 9751130.
      - Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
        Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.
        Linde, Andrei D. (May 1986). „Eternal Chaotic Inflation“. Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 April 2019.
        Linde, Andrei D. (14 August 1986). „Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe“. Physics Letters B. 175 (4): 395–400. Bibcode:1986PhLB..175..395L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)90611-8.
        Craig, William Lane (December 1999). „The Ultimate Question of Origins: God and the Beginning of the Universe“. Astrophysics and Space Science (Lecture). 269–270 (1–4): 721–738. Bibcode:1999Ap&SS.269..721C. doi:10.1023/A:1017083700096. S2CID 117794135.
        dx.doi.org
        Bullock, James S. (2010) „Notes on the Missing Satellites Problem“, Local Group Cosmology, გვ. 95–122. DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139152303.004. ISBN 9781139152303.

eso.org

Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).

fermatslibrary.com

Penzias, Arno A.; Wilson, R. W. (July 1965). „A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s“. The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 14 October 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.

google.com

Hawley, John F.; Holcomb, Katherine A. (July 7, 2005) Foundations of Modern Cosmology. OUP Oxford, გვ. 355. ISBN 9780198530961.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Big Bang models back to Planck time. ციტირების თარიღი: 2020-04-28

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
Ivanchik, Alexandre V.; Potekhin, Alexander Y.; Varshalovich, Dmitry A. (March 1999). „The fine-structure constant: a new observational limit on its cosmological variation and some theoretical consequences“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 343 (2): 439–445. arXiv:astro-ph/9810166. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..439I.
Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). „Experimental Tests of General Relativity“. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv:0806.1731. Bibcode:2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160.
Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (31 March 2004). „Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/as03040. S2CID 13068122.
Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). „Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe“. Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv:hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode:1993PhLB..314..298E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262.
Planck Collaboration (October 2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. (See Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.)
Høg, Erik (2014). „Astrosociology: Interviews about an infinite universe“. Asian Journal of Physics. arXiv:1408.4795. Bibcode:2014arXiv1408.4795H.
Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia; Peiris, Hiranya V.; et al. (September 2003). „First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (1): 175–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. doi:10.1086/377226. S2CID 10794058.
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
Kragh, Helge (April 2013). „Big Bang: the etymology of a name“. Astronomy & Geophysics. 54 (2): 2.28–2.30. Bibcode:2013A&G....54b2.28K. doi:10.1093/astrogeo/att035.
Slipher, Vesto M. (1913). „The Radial Velocity of the Andromeda Nebula“. Lowell Observatory Bulletin. 1: 56–57. Bibcode:1913LowOB...2...56S.
Slipher, Vesto M. (January 1915). „Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae“. Popular Astronomy. 23: 21–24. Bibcode:1915PA.....23...21S.
Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). „Über die Krümmung des Raumes“. Zeitschrift für Physik (გერმანული). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.
- Translated in: Friedmann, Alexander (December 1999). „On the Curvature of Space“. General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995.
- Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.
- Lemaître, Georges (April 1927). „Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extra-galactiques“. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles (ფრანგული). 47: 49–59. Bibcode:1927ASSB...47...49L.
  - Translated in: Lemaître, Georges (March 1931). „A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Increasing Radius accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extra-galactic Nebulæ“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91 (5): 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483.
  - Lemaître, Abbé Georges (24 October 1931). „Contributions to a British Association Discussion on the Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 128 (3234): 704–706. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0. S2CID 4028196.
  - Eddington, Arthur S. (21 March 1931). „The End of the World: from the Standpoint of Mathematical Physics“. Nature. 127 (3203): 447–453. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..447E. doi:10.1038/127447a0. S2CID 4140648.
  - Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
  - Zwicky, Fritz (15 October 1929). „On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (10): 773–779. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..773Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.10.773. PMC 522555. PMID 16577237.
  - Hoyle, Fred (October 1948). „A New Model for the Expanding Universe“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 108 (5): 372–382. Bibcode:1948MNRAS.108..372H. doi:10.1093/mnras/108.5.372.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George (1 April 1948). „The Origin of Chemical Elements“. Physical Review. 73 (7): 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. PMID 18877094.
  - Alpher, Ralph A.; Herman, Robert (13 November 1948). „Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0. S2CID 4113488.
  - Penzias, Arno A.; Wilson, R. W. (July 1965). „A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s“. The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 14 October 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Ellis, George F. R. (April 1968). „The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe“. The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 25. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...25H. doi:10.1086/149520.
  - Hawking, Stephen W.; Penrose, Roger (27 January 1970). „The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode:1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1970.0021.
  - Guth, Alan (15 January 1981). „Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems“. Physical Review D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347.
  - Navabi, Ali Akbar; Riazi, Nematollah (March 2003). „Is the Age Problem Resolved?“. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 24 (1–2): 3–10. Bibcode:2003JApA...24....3N. doi:10.1007/BF03012187. S2CID 123471347.
  - Boggess, Nancy W.; Mather, John C.; Weiss, Rainer; et al. (1 October 1992). „The COBE Mission: Its Design and Performance Two Years after the launch“. The Astrophysical Journal. 397: 420–429. Bibcode:1992ApJ...397..420B. doi:10.1086/171797.
  - Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; et al. (June 2007). „Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. doi:10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
  - Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (December 2005). „Cusps in cold dark matter haloes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x.
  - Cahn, Robert N.; et al. (2009). „Whitepaper: For a Comprehensive Space-Based Dark Energy Mission“ (PDF). Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 35 (white paper). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press on behalf of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010: 35. Bibcode:2009astro2010S..35B. OCLC 850950122. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 7 August 2011. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 December 2019.
  - Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
  - Bennett, Charles L.; Larson, Davin; Weiland, Janet L.; et al. (October 2013). „Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): Article 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
  - Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
  - de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
  - Miller, Andre D.; Caldwell, Robert H.; Devlin, Mark Joseph; et al. (10 October 1999). „A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. doi:10.1086/312293. S2CID 1924091.
  - Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
  - Bertschinger, Edmund (September 1998). „Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe“ (PDF). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599. S2CID 29015610. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან (PDF) — 2019-03-09. ციტირების თარიღი: 2021-06-08. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
  - Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
  - Srianand, Raghunathan; Noterdaeme, Pasquier; Ledoux, Cédric; et al. (May 2008). „First detection of CO in a high-redshift damped Lyman-α system“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 482 (3): L39–L42. Bibcode:2008A&A...482L..39S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809727.
  - Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.
  - Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
  - Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
  - Rugh, Svend E.; Zinkernagel, Henrik (December 2002). „The quantum vacuum and the cosmological constant problem“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B. 33 (4): 663–705. arXiv:hep-th/0012253. Bibcode:2002SHPMP..33..663R. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3. S2CID 9007190.
  - Dodelson, Scott (31 December 2011). „The Real Problem with MOND“. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 20 (14): 2749–2753. arXiv:1112.1320. Bibcode:2011IJMPD..20.2749D. doi:10.1142/S0218271811020561. S2CID 119194106.
  - Filippenko, Alexei V.; Pasachoff, Jay M. (March–April 2002). „A Universe from Nothing“. Mercury. 31 (2): 15. Bibcode:2002Mercu..31b..15F. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 22 October 2013. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 March 2010. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)
  - Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (April 1997). „A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790..
  - Caldwell, Robert R.; Kamionkowski, Marc; Weinberg, Nevin N. (15 August 2003). „Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w<−1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday“. Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301. PMID 12935004.
  - Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
    - Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
      - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
      - He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (3 April 2014). „Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing“. Physical Review D. 89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. S2CID 118371273.
      - Lincoln, Maya; Wasser, Avi (1 December 2013). „Spontaneous creation of the Universe Ex Nihilo“. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2 (4): 195–199. Bibcode:2013PDU.....2..195L. doi:10.1016/j.dark.2013.11.004. ISSN 2212-6864.
      - Hartle, James H.; Hawking, Stephen W. (15 December 1983). „Wave function of the Universe“. Physical Review D. 28 (12): 2960–2975. Bibcode:1983PhRvD..28.2960H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960.
      - Langlois, David (2003). „Brane Cosmology“. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181. S2CID 9751130.
      - Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
        Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.
        Linde, Andrei D. (May 1986). „Eternal Chaotic Inflation“. Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 April 2019.
        Linde, Andrei D. (14 August 1986). „Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe“. Physics Letters B. 175 (4): 395–400. Bibcode:1986PhLB..175..395L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)90611-8.
        Craig, William Lane (December 1999). „The Ultimate Question of Origins: God and the Beginning of the Universe“. Astrophysics and Space Science (Lecture). 269–270 (1–4): 721–738. Bibcode:1999Ap&SS.269..721C. doi:10.1023/A:1017083700096. S2CID 117794135.
        cfa.harvard.edu
        Huchra, John P. (2008). „The Hubble Constant“. Science. 256 (5055): 321–5. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.321. PMID 17743107. S2CID 206574821. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 30 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
        Brief Answers to Cosmic Questions. Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. ციტირების თარიღი: 18 December 2019 Archival site: "The Universe Forum's role as part of NASA's Education Support Network concluded in September, 2009."
        adsabs.harvard.edu
        Gibbons, Shellard და Rankin 2003, chpt. 43: "Inflationary theory versus the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenario" by Andrei Linde. Bibcode: 2003ftpc.book..801L

hawking.org.uk

Hawking, Stephen W.. (1996)The Beginning of Time. The Stephen Hawking Foundation. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 6 ოქტომბერი 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 26 April 2017

ibsu.edu.ge

journal.ibsu.edu.ge

Appolloni, Simon (17 June 2011). „'Repugnant', 'Not Repugnant at All': How the Respective Epistemic Attitudes of Georges Lemaitre and Sir Arthur Eddington Influenced How Each Approached the Idea of a Beginning of the Universe“. IBSU Scientific Journal. 5 (1): 19–44.

imperial.ac.uk

spiral.imperial.ac.uk

de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.

jetpletters.ac.ru

Sakharov, Andrei D. (10 January 1967). „Нарушение СР-инвариантности, С-асимметрия и барионная асимметрия Вселенной“ [Violation of CP-invariance, C-asymmetry and baryon asymmetry of the Universe] (PDF). Pis'ma v ZhETF (რუსული). 5 (1): 32–35. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 28 July 2018. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 ივნისი 2021. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
- Translated in: Sakharov, Andrei D. (10 January 1967). „Violation of CP Invariance, С Asymmetry, and Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe“ (PDF). JETP Letters. 5 (1): 24–27. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 9 November 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 December 2019. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)

jstor.org

Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (March 1999). „A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology“. Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1086/392675. JSTOR 188736. S2CID 120393154.

mpg.de

Planck reveals an almost perfect universe. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (March 21, 2013). ციტირების თარიღი: 2020-11-17

nasa.gov

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

NASA/WMAP Science Team. (6 June 2011) Cosmology: The Study of the Universe. Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. NASA. ციტატა: „The second section discusses the classic tests of the Big Bang theory that make it so compelling as the most likely valid and accurate description of our universe.“ ციტირების თარიღი: 18 December 2019
NASA/WMAP Science Team. (29 June 2015) What is the Ultimate Fate of the Universe?. Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. NASA. ციტირების თარიღი: 18 December 2019

jpl.nasa.gov

Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray. NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies. NASA (7 January 2014). ციტირების თარიღი: 8 January 2014
Clavin, Whitney. (17 March 2014) NASA Technology Views Birth of the Universe. NASA. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019

lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov

Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

Mattson, Barbara (Project Leader). (8 December 2017) Hoyle Scoffs at 'Big Bang' Universe Theory. NASA: High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019

apod.nasa.gov

Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.

nationalacademies.org

www8.nationalacademies.org

Sadoulet, Bernard. Direct Searches for Dark Matter (PDF). Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. National Academies Press on behalf of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 December 2019
Cahn, Robert N.; et al. (2009). „Whitepaper: For a Comprehensive Space-Based Dark Energy Mission“ (PDF). Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 35 (white paper). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press on behalf of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010: 35. Bibcode:2009astro2010S..35B. OCLC 850950122. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 7 August 2011. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 December 2019.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.
Zwicky, Fritz (15 October 1929). „On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (10): 773–779. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..773Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.10.773. PMC 522555. PMID 16577237.
Alpher, Ralph A.; Bethe, Hans; Gamow, George (1 April 1948). „The Origin of Chemical Elements“. Physical Review. 73 (7): 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. PMID 18877094.
Huchra, John P. (2008). „The Hubble Constant“. Science. 256 (5055): 321–5. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.321. PMID 17743107. S2CID 206574821. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 30 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
Caldwell, Robert R.; Kamionkowski, Marc; Weinberg, Nevin N. (15 August 2003). „Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w<−1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday“. Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301. PMID 12935004.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ishak, Mustapha (December 2019). „Testing general relativity in cosmology“. Living Reviews in Relativity. 22 (1): 204. arXiv:1806.10122. Bibcode:2019LRR....22....1I. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0017-4. PMC 6299071. PMID 30613193. 1.
Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.
Zwicky, Fritz (15 October 1929). „On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (10): 773–779. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..773Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.10.773. PMC 522555. PMID 16577237.

nytimes.com

Overbye, Dennis (15 April 2020). „Why The Big Bang Produced Something Rather Than Nothing - How did matter gain the edge over antimatter in the early universe? Maybe, just maybe, neutrinos“. The New York Times. ციტირების თარიღი: 16 April 2020.
Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). „Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun“. Space & Cosmos. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on March 18, 2014, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun." The online version of this article was originally titled "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang".
Overbye, Dennis (24 March 2014). „Ripples From the Big Bang“. Out There. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 25 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 24 March 2014. "A version of this article appears in print on March 25, 2014, Section D, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Ripples From the Big Bang."
Overbye, Dennis (22 May 2001). „Before the Big Bang, There Was . . . What?“. The New York Times.

pbs.org

Big bang theory is introduced – 1927. WGBH Boston (1998). ციტირების თარიღი: 31 July 2014

princeton.edu

physics.princeton.edu

Steinhardt, Paul J. (April 2011). „The Inflation Debate: Is the theory at the heart of modern cosmology deeply flawed?“ (PDF). Scientific American. 304 (4): 36–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0411-36. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 1 November 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 23 December 2019.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.

science.psu.edu

Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
- Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.

sciencedirect.com

Lincoln, Maya; Wasser, Avi (1 December 2013). „Spontaneous creation of the Universe Ex Nihilo“. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2 (4): 195–199. Bibcode:2013PDU.....2..195L. doi:10.1016/j.dark.2013.11.004. ISSN 2212-6864.

scientificamerican.com

Musser, George. (22 September 2003) Why didn't all this matter immediately collapse into a black hole?. Scientific American. ციტირების თარიღი: 22 March 2020
Billings, Lee (12 February 2016). „The Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy“. Scientific American. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 13 February 2016. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 April 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). „Experimental Tests of General Relativity“. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv:0806.1731. Bibcode:2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160.
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (31 March 2004). „Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/as03040. S2CID 13068122.
Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). „Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe“. Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv:hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode:1993PhLB..314..298E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262.
Planck Collaboration (October 2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. (See Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.)
Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia; Peiris, Hiranya V.; et al. (September 2003). „First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (1): 175–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. doi:10.1086/377226. S2CID 10794058.
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). „Über die Krümmung des Raumes“. Zeitschrift für Physik (გერმანული). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.
- Translated in: Friedmann, Alexander (December 1999). „On the Curvature of Space“. General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995.
- Lemaître, Abbé Georges (24 October 1931). „Contributions to a British Association Discussion on the Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 128 (3234): 704–706. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0. S2CID 4028196.
- Eddington, Arthur S. (21 March 1931). „The End of the World: from the Standpoint of Mathematical Physics“. Nature. 127 (3203): 447–453. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..447E. doi:10.1038/127447a0. S2CID 4140648.
- Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
- Alpher, Ralph A.; Herman, Robert (13 November 1948). „Evolution of the Universe“. Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0. S2CID 4113488.
- Huchra, John P. (2008). „The Hubble Constant“. Science. 256 (5055): 321–5. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.321. PMID 17743107. S2CID 206574821. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 30 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
- Navabi, Ali Akbar; Riazi, Nematollah (March 2003). „Is the Age Problem Resolved?“. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 24 (1–2): 3–10. Bibcode:2003JApA...24....3N. doi:10.1007/BF03012187. S2CID 123471347.
- Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; et al. (June 2007). „Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. doi:10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346.
- Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
- Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; et al. (20 January 2007). „Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey“. The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. doi:10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653.
- Srianand, Raghunathan; Petitjean, Patrick; Ledoux, Cédric (21 December 2000). „The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34“. Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. doi:10.1038/35050020. PMID 11140672. S2CID 4313603. Lay summary – European Southern Observatory (20 December 2000).
- Bennett, Charles L.; Larson, Davin; Weiland, Janet L.; et al. (October 2013). „Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): Article 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
- Melchiorri, Alessandro; Ade, Peter A.R.; de Bernardis, Paolo; et al. (20 June 2000). „A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445. Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744. PMID 10859119. S2CID 27518923.
- de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
- Miller, Andre D.; Caldwell, Robert H.; Devlin, Mark Joseph; et al. (10 October 1999). „A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. doi:10.1086/312293. S2CID 1924091.
- Steigman, Gary (February 2006). „Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges“. International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15 (1): 1–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.337.542. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028. S2CID 12188807.
- Bertschinger, Edmund (September 1998). „Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe“ (PDF). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599. S2CID 29015610. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან (PDF) — 2019-03-09. ციტირების თარიღი: 2021-06-08. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
- Fumagalli, Michele; O'Meara, John M.; Prochaska, J. Xavier (2 December 2011). „Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang“. Science. 334 (6060): 1245–1249. arXiv:1111.2334. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. doi:10.1126/science.1213581. PMID 22075722. S2CID 2434386.
- Avgoustidis, Anastasios; Luzzi, Gemma; Martins, Carlos J.A.P.; et al. (14 February 2012). „Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (2): Article 013. arXiv:1112.1862. Bibcode:2012JCAP...02..013A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.758.6956. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/013. S2CID 119261969.
- Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (March 1999). „A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology“. Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1086/392675. JSTOR 188736. S2CID 120393154.
- Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
- Weinberg, Nevin N.; Kamionkowski, Marc (May 2003). „Constraining dark energy from the abundance of weak gravitational lenses“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (1): 251–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0210134. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..251W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06421.x. S2CID 1193946.
- Rugh, Svend E.; Zinkernagel, Henrik (December 2002). „The quantum vacuum and the cosmological constant problem“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B. 33 (4): 663–705. arXiv:hep-th/0012253. Bibcode:2002SHPMP..33..663R. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3. S2CID 9007190.
- Dodelson, Scott (31 December 2011). „The Real Problem with MOND“. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 20 (14): 2749–2753. arXiv:1112.1320. Bibcode:2011IJMPD..20.2749D. doi:10.1142/S0218271811020561. S2CID 119194106.
- Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (April 1997). „A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790..
- Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
  - Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
    - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
    - He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (3 April 2014). „Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing“. Physical Review D. 89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207. Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. S2CID 118371273.
    - Langlois, David (2003). „Brane Cosmology“. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181. S2CID 9751130.
    - Craig, William Lane (December 1999). „The Ultimate Question of Origins: God and the Beginning of the Universe“. Astrophysics and Space Science (Lecture). 269–270 (1–4): 721–738. Bibcode:1999Ap&SS.269..721C. doi:10.1023/A:1017083700096. S2CID 117794135.
    pdfs.semanticscholar.org
    - Bertschinger, Edmund (September 1998). „Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe“ (PDF). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599. S2CID 29015610. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან (PDF) — 2019-03-09. ციტირების თარიღი: 2021-06-08. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)

space.com

Moskowitz, Clara. (25 September 2012) Hubble Telescope Reveals Farthest View Into Universe Ever. Future plc. ციტირების თარიღი: 3 December 2019
Gannon, Megan. (21 December 2012) New 'Baby Picture' of Universe Unveiled. Future plc. ციტირების თარიღი: 9 December 2019
Wall, Mike. (24 June 2012) The Big Bang Didn't Need God to Start Universe, Researchers Say.
Than, Ker. (8 May 2006) Recycled Universe: Theory Could Solve Cosmic Mystery. Future plc. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019

spektrum.de

Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
- Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
  - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.

ua.edu

pages.astronomy.ua.edu

Keel, William C.. (October 2009) Dark Matter. ციტირების თარიღი: 15 December 2019
Keel, William C.. (October 2009) Dark Matter. ციტირების თარიღი: 15 December 2019

ucla.edu

astro.ucla.edu

Wright, Edward L.. (24 May 2013) Frequently Asked Questions in Cosmology: What is the evidence for the Big Bang?. Division of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Los Angeles. ციტირების თარიღი: 25 November 2019
Brief History of the Universe. ციტირების თარიღი: 2020-04-28
Wright, E.L. (24 May 2009) Cosmology and. Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial. ციტირების თარიღი: 2009-10-15

dpf99.library.ucla.edu

White, Martin (1999). „Anisotropies in the CMB“. Arisaka, Katsushi; Bern, Zvi. Division of Particles and Fields Conference 1999 (DPF '99). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles on behalf of the American Physical Society. OCLC 43669022. Talk #9-10: The Cosmic Microwave Background. http://www.dpf99.library.ucla.edu/session9/white0910.pdf. წაკითხვის თარიღი: 9 December 2019.

ucsc.edu

news.ucsc.edu

Stephens, Tim. (10 November 2011) Astronomers find clouds of primordial gas from the early universe. University of California, Santa Cruz. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019

uu.nl

webspace.science.uu.nl

Weenink, Jan. (February 26, 2009) Baryogenesis. Tomislav Prokopec.

web.archive.org

Schewe, Phillip F.; Stein, Ben P. (20 April 2005). „An Ocean of Quarks“. Physics News Update. 728 (1). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 23 April 2005. ციტირების თარიღი: 30 November 2019. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)
Jarosik, Norman; Bennett, Charles L.; Dunkley, Jo; et al. (February 2011). „Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Sky Maps, Systematic Errors, and Basic Results“ (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 192 (2): Article 14. arXiv:1001.4744. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...14J. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14. hdl:2152/43001. S2CID 46171526. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 14 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019. (See Table 8.)
„'Big bang' astronomer dies“. Sci/Tech. BBC News. London: BBC. 22 August 2001. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 3 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 2 December 2019.
Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). „A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 1 October 2006. ციტირების თარიღი: 28 November 2019.
Penzias, Arno A.; Wilson, R. W. (July 1965). „A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s“. The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 14 October 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
Huchra, John P. (2008). „The Hubble Constant“. Science. 256 (5055): 321–5. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.321. PMID 17743107. S2CID 206574821. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 30 September 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 5 December 2019.
Cahn, Robert N.; et al. (2009). „Whitepaper: For a Comprehensive Space-Based Dark Energy Mission“ (PDF). Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 35 (white paper). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press on behalf of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010: 35. Bibcode:2009astro2010S..35B. OCLC 850950122. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 7 August 2011. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 December 2019.
de Bernardis, Paolo; Ade, Peter A.R.; Bock, James J.; et al. (27 April 2000). „A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“ (PDF). Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. hdl:10044/1/60851. PMID 10801117. S2CID 4412370. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 2 May 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 December 2019.
Bertschinger, Edmund (September 1998). „Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe“ (PDF). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599. S2CID 29015610. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან (PDF) — 2019-03-09. ციტირების თარიღი: 2021-06-08. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). „Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun“. Space & Cosmos. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on March 18, 2014, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun." The online version of this article was originally titled "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang".
Overbye, Dennis (24 March 2014). „Ripples From the Big Bang“. Out There. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 25 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 24 March 2014. "A version of this article appears in print on March 25, 2014, Section D, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Ripples From the Big Bang."
Ghosh, Pallab (11 February 2016). „Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes“. Science & Environment. BBC News. London: BBC. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 11 February 2016. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 April 2017.
Billings, Lee (12 February 2016). „The Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy“. Scientific American. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 13 February 2016. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 April 2017.
Steinhardt, Paul J. (April 2011). „The Inflation Debate: Is the theory at the heart of modern cosmology deeply flawed?“ (PDF). Scientific American. 304 (4): 36–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0411-36. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 1 November 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 23 December 2019.
Sakharov, Andrei D. (10 January 1967). „Нарушение СР-инвариантности, С-асимметрия и барионная асимметрия Вселенной“ [Violation of CP-invariance, C-asymmetry and baryon asymmetry of the Universe] (PDF). Pis'ma v ZhETF (რუსული). 5 (1): 32–35. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 28 July 2018. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 ივნისი 2021. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება)
- Translated in: Sakharov, Andrei D. (10 January 1967). „Violation of CP Invariance, С Asymmetry, and Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe“ (PDF). JETP Letters. 5 (1): 24–27. დაარქივებულია (PDF) ორიგინალიდან — 9 November 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 13 December 2019. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)
- Filippenko, Alexei V.; Pasachoff, Jay M. (March–April 2002). „A Universe from Nothing“. Mercury. 31 (2): 15. Bibcode:2002Mercu..31b..15F. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 22 October 2013. ციტირების თარიღი: 10 March 2010. მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archiveurl= და |archive-url= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |archivedate= და |archive-date= (დახმარება); მითითებულია ერთზე მეტი |accessdate= და |access-date= (დახმარება)
- Beckers, Mike (16 February 2015). „Quantentrick schafft Urknall-Singularität ab“ [Quantum Trick Eliminates the Big Bang Singularity]. Cosmology. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (გერმანული). დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 21 July 2017. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019. თარგი:Google translation
  - Ali, Ahmed Farag; Das, Saurya (4 February 2015). „Cosmology from quantum potential“. Physics Letters B. 741: 276–279. arXiv:1404.3093v3. Bibcode:2015PhLB..741..276F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057. S2CID 55463396.
    - Lashin, Elsayed I. (7 March 2016). „On the correctness of cosmology from quantum potential“. Modern Physics Letters A. 31 (7): 1650044. arXiv:1505.03070. Bibcode:2016MPLA...3150044L. doi:10.1142/S0217732316500449. S2CID 119220266.
    - Hawking, Stephen W.. (1996)The Beginning of Time. The Stephen Hawking Foundation. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 6 ოქტომბერი 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 26 April 2017
    - Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
      - Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.
      - Linde, Andrei D. (May 1986). „Eternal Chaotic Inflation“. Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 April 2019.

wiley.com

media.wiley.com

Belušević 2008, p. 16

worldcat.org

Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy“. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 118961123.
(1988) The early universe. Reidel. ISBN 90-277-2619-1. OCLC 905464231.
Lemaître, Georges (9 May 1931). „The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory“. Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4089233.
Cahn, Robert N.; et al. (2009). „Whitepaper: For a Comprehensive Space-Based Dark Energy Mission“ (PDF). Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 35 (white paper). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press on behalf of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010: 35. Bibcode:2009astro2010S..35B. OCLC 850950122. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 7 August 2011. ციტირების თარიღი: 8 December 2019.
White, Martin (1999). „Anisotropies in the CMB“. Arisaka, Katsushi; Bern, Zvi. Division of Particles and Fields Conference 1999 (DPF '99). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles on behalf of the American Physical Society. OCLC 43669022. Talk #9-10: The Cosmic Microwave Background. http://www.dpf99.library.ucla.edu/session9/white0910.pdf. წაკითხვის თარიღი: 9 December 2019.
Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). „Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun“. Space & Cosmos. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 17 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 11 December 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on March 18, 2014, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang's Smoking Gun." The online version of this article was originally titled "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang".
Overbye, Dennis (24 March 2014). „Ripples From the Big Bang“. Out There. The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 25 March 2014. ციტირების თარიღი: 24 March 2014. "A version of this article appears in print on March 25, 2014, Section D, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Ripples From the Big Bang."
Lincoln, Maya; Wasser, Avi (1 December 2013). „Spontaneous creation of the Universe Ex Nihilo“. Physics of the Dark Universe. 2 (4): 195–199. Bibcode:2013PDU.....2..195L. doi:10.1016/j.dark.2013.11.004. ISSN 2212-6864.

youtube.com

Lawrence M. Krauss (Speaker); R. Elisabeth Cornwell (Producer). (21 October 2009). 'A Universe From Nothing' by Lawrence Krauss, AAI 2009. [Video]. Washington, D.C.: Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ImvlS8PLIo.

zenodo.org

Kennedy, Barbara K.. (1 July 2007) What Happened Before the Big Bang?. Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. დაარქივებულია ორიგინალიდან — 15 დეკემბერი 2019. ციტირების თარიღი: 19 December 2019
- Bojowald, Martin (August 2007). „What happened before the Big Bang?“. Nature Physics. 3 (8): 523–525. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..523B. doi:10.1038/nphys654.

დიდი აფეთქება (Georgian Wikipedia)

aip.org

archive.org

arxiv.org

astrosociety.org

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bbc.com

berkeley.edu

astro.berkeley.edu

bicepkeck.org

books.google.com

cam.ac.uk

joh.cam.ac.uk

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

doi.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

eso.org

fermatslibrary.com

google.com

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

cfa.harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

hawking.org.uk

ibsu.edu.ge

journal.ibsu.edu.ge

imperial.ac.uk

spiral.imperial.ac.uk

jetpletters.ac.ru

jstor.org

mpg.de

nasa.gov

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

apod.nasa.gov

nationalacademies.org

www8.nationalacademies.org

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com

pbs.org

princeton.edu

physics.princeton.edu

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

science.psu.edu

sciencedirect.com

scientificamerican.com

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

space.com

spektrum.de

ua.edu

pages.astronomy.ua.edu

ucla.edu

astro.ucla.edu

dpf99.library.ucla.edu

ucsc.edu

news.ucsc.edu

uu.nl

webspace.science.uu.nl

web.archive.org

wiley.com

media.wiley.com

worldcat.org

youtube.com

zenodo.org