Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011) The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden ; Boston: Brill, გვ. 121-129. ISBN978-90-04-18635-4. „MONGOL-ARMENIAN MILITARY COOPERATION: STAGE I: THE CONQUEST OF THE MIDDLE EAST 1258-1260 (...) The main allies of this campaign were King Het‘um from Cilicia, the Greater Armenian lords under the Georgian King David Ulu and the Mongol Prince Hűlegű, who promoted himself as a founder of the Mongol dynasty in this region.(...) In November 1257, Hűlegű set off from Hamadān in the direction of Baghdad. (...) With him were the forces of the Armenian Prince Zak‘arē, the son of Shahnshah Zak‘arian and Prince Pŕosh Khaghbakian. The Mongols placed considerable trust in these Armenian lords, whose assistance they had received since the 1230s.“
Pubblici, L. (2023) ‘Georgia and the Caucasus’, in M. Biran and H. Kim (eds.) The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, გვ. pp. 719–720. „The Georgian and Armenian aristocracy now was bound tightly to the Mongol leading class and the military became of primary importance. The Mongols forced their subjects to participate in their military campaigns. For the local aristocracy, it was sometimes necessary to contribute in order to get some immediate advantages from them. Therefore the intervention of Armenian and Georgian forces in Mongol military operations was not an isolated incident. (...) Around mid-1200, the whole Caucasian region was gripped by Mongol power on one side and the Muslim independent states on the other; the Ismā'īlĭs (Assassins) in the territory between Syria and northern Iran, and the Caliphate of Baghdad. When Hülegü began the military campaign against the caliphate, the Armenian and Georgian aristocracy took the opportunity to eliminate the menace and joined the Mongol armies. The attack on the Assassins’ stronghold in Alamūt – which ended with the fall of the city in November 1256 – was planned and executed with the aid of David Lasha. Prince Zak’are, son of Shahanshah, participated in the operations against Baghdad in 1258 and the Armenian aristocracy was fully involved as well. Eastern Christianity embraced the conquest of Baghdad by Hülegü’s army as divine revenge. The Mongols massacred the Muslim population of the city but spared the Christians. Hülegü gave the palace of the Dawādār (vice chancellor) to the Nestorian patriarch Makhika. Kirakos describes the fall of Baghdad in joyful terms and states that all the oriental Christians were exulting because after 647 years the “Muslim tyranny” had finally ended.“
Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011) The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden ; Boston: Brill, გვ. 129. ISBN978-90-04-18635-4. „In November 1257, Hűlegű set off from Hamadān in the direction of Baghdad. (...) With him were the forces of the Armenian Prince Zak‘arē, the son of Shahnshah Zak‘arian and Prince Pŕosh Khaghbakian. The Mongols placed considerable trust in these Armenian lords, whose assistance they had received since the 1230s.“
Eastmond, Antony (20 April 2017) Tamta's World (en). Cambridge University Press, გვ. 372. ISBN978-1-107-16756-8. „Bar Hebraeus reports that the Georgians 'especially effected a great slaughter'. The Georgians had already gained a strong reputation for fighting among the Mongols. When the Franciscan Benedict the Pole returned from his missions to the Mongols in the late 1240s, he reported: "While they were staying there, they often met Georgians who lived among the Tartars and were highly respected by them as brave and warlike men. These people are called Georgians because they invoke St Gearge in their wars and have him as patron and honour him beyond all other saints. They use the Greek version of Holy Scripture and have crosses on their camps and carts. They follow the Greek rited in divine worship among the Tartars"“
Pubblici, L. (2023) ‘Georgia and the Caucasus’, in M. Biran and H. Kim (eds.) The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, გვ. pp. 719–720. „The Georgian and Armenian aristocracy now was bound tightly to the Mongol leading class and the military became of primary importance. The Mongols forced their subjects to participate in their military campaigns. For the local aristocracy, it was sometimes necessary to contribute in order to get some immediate advantages from them. Therefore the intervention of Armenian and Georgian forces in Mongol military operations was not an isolated incident. (...) Around mid-1200, the whole Caucasian region was gripped by Mongol power on one side and the Muslim independent states on the other; the Ismā'īlĭs (Assassins) in the territory between Syria and northern Iran, and the Caliphate of Baghdad. When Hülegü began the military campaign against the caliphate, the Armenian and Georgian aristocracy took the opportunity to eliminate the menace and joined the Mongol armies. The attack on the Assassins’ stronghold in Alamūt – which ended with the fall of the city in November 1256 – was planned and executed with the aid of David Lasha. Prince Zak’are, son of Shahanshah, participated in the operations against Baghdad in 1258 and the Armenian aristocracy was fully involved as well. Eastern Christianity embraced the conquest of Baghdad by Hülegü’s army as divine revenge. The Mongols massacred the Muslim population of the city but spared the Christians. Hülegü gave the palace of the Dawādār (vice chancellor) to the Nestorian patriarch Makhika. Kirakos describes the fall of Baghdad in joyful terms and states that all the oriental Christians were exulting because after 647 years the “Muslim tyranny” had finally ended.“
doi.org
dx.doi.org
Biran, Michal (25 July 2022) Baghdād: From Its Beginnings to the 14th Century. Leiden: Brill, გვ. 285-315. DOI:10.1163/9789004513372_012. „At the very beginning of 1258 Hülegü and his multi-ethnic armies—including Chinese siege breakers, Armenian and Georgian auxiliaries and quite a few Sunnī Muslim troops from Central Asia, Iran and Iraq— converged on Baghdād from all sides. Fighting began in earnest in mid-January, and the city was taken on February 10, 1258, when the caliph left the city and surrendered to Hülegü.“
huji.ac.il
mongol.huji.ac.il
Biran, Michal (25 July 2022) Baghdād: From Its Beginnings to the 14th Century. Leiden: Brill, გვ. 285-315. DOI:10.1163/9789004513372_012. „At the very beginning of 1258 Hülegü and his multi-ethnic armies—including Chinese siege breakers, Armenian and Georgian auxiliaries and quite a few Sunnī Muslim troops from Central Asia, Iran and Iraq— converged on Baghdād from all sides. Fighting began in earnest in mid-January, and the city was taken on February 10, 1258, when the caliph left the city and surrendered to Hülegü.“
