Dorothy Ko (1994). Teachers of the inner chambers: women and culture in seventeenth-century China, illustrated, annotated, Stanford University Press, გვ. 21. ISBN0-8047-2359-1. „With the exclusion of Yangzhou came the denigration of its dialect, a variant of Jianghuai "Mandarin" (guanhua). The various Wu dialects from the Lake Tai area became the spoken language of choice, to the point of replacing guanhua...“
