Historian Malyn Newitt: "However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina [Guinea] and seized them and all their gold. Another ... Castilian voyage to Mina, that of Eustache de la Fosse, was intercepted ... in 1480. ... All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this first maritime colonial war. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets, and had clear central direction from ... [Prince] John." In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, pp.37,38.
Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius. "In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea, ..." in Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415-1580, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p.152.
Battle of Guinea: Alonso de Palencia, Década IV, Book XXXIII, Chapter V ("Disaster among those sent to the mines of gold [Guinea]. Charges against the King..."), p.91-94.
Historian Malyn Newitt: "However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina [Guinea] and seized them and all their gold. Another ... Castilian voyage to Mina, that of Eustache de la Fosse, was intercepted ... in 1480. ... All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this first maritime colonial war. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets, and had clear central direction from ... [Prince] John." In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, pp.37,38.
