Lovie, P.; Lovie, A. D. (1996). “Charles Edward Spearman, F.R.S. (1863-1945)”. 《Notes and Records of the Royal Society》 50: 75–88. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1996.0007.
Spearman, C. (1904). “"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured”. 《The American Journal of Psychology》 15 (2): 201–292. doi:10.2307/1412107. JSTOR1412107.
Spearman, C. (1904). “"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured”. 《The American Journal of Psychology》 15 (2): 201–292. doi:10.2307/1412107. JSTOR1412107.