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Wilbur, H.M.; Tinkle, D.W.; Collins, J.P. (1974). “Environmental certainty, trophic level, and resource availability in life history evolution”. 《American Naturalist》 108 (964): 805–816. doi:10.1086/282956. JSTOR2459610.
Snell, Terry W.; King, Charles E. (December 1977). “Lifespan and Fecundity Patterns in Rotifers: The Cost of Reproduction”. 《Evolution》 31 (4): 882–890. doi:10.2307/2407451. JSTOR2407451. PMID28563718.
Taylor, Charles E.; Condra, Cindra (November 1980). “r- and K-Selection in Drosophila pseudoobscura”. 《Evolution》 34 (6): 1183–93. doi:10.2307/2408299. JSTOR2408299. PMID28568469.
VAN BODEGOM, D.; MAY, L.; MEIJ, H. J.; WESTENDORP, R. G. J. (2007). “Regulation of Human Life Histories: The Role of the Inflammatory Host Response”. 《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》 1100 (1): 84–97. Bibcode:2007NYASA1100...84V. doi:10.1196/annals.1395.007. PMID17460167.
Figueredo, Aurelio José; Vásquez, Geneva; Brumbach, Barbara Hagenah; Schneider, Stephanie M. R. (2007년 3월 1일). “The K-factor, Covitality, and personality”. 《Human Nature》 (영어) 18 (1): 47–73. doi:10.1007/bf02820846. ISSN1045-6767. PMID26181744.
Snell, Terry W.; King, Charles E. (December 1977). “Lifespan and Fecundity Patterns in Rotifers: The Cost of Reproduction”. 《Evolution》 31 (4): 882–890. doi:10.2307/2407451. JSTOR2407451. PMID28563718.
Taylor, Charles E.; Condra, Cindra (November 1980). “r- and K-Selection in Drosophila pseudoobscura”. 《Evolution》 34 (6): 1183–93. doi:10.2307/2408299. JSTOR2408299. PMID28568469.
Ellis, Lee (1987년 1월 1일). “Criminal behavior and r/K selection: An extension of gene‐based evolutionary theory”. 《Deviant Behavior》 8 (2): 149–176. doi:10.1080/01639625.1987.9967739. ISSN0163-9625.
Figueredo, Aurelio José; Vásquez, Geneva; Brumbach, Barbara Hagenah; Schneider, Stephanie M. R. (2007년 3월 1일). “The K-factor, Covitality, and personality”. 《Human Nature》 (영어) 18 (1): 47–73. doi:10.1007/bf02820846. ISSN1045-6767. PMID26181744.