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Pasquali, Anna; Langer, Norbert; Schmutz, Werner; Leitherer, Claus; Nota, Antonella; Hubeny, Ivan; Moffat, Anthony F. J. (1997). “O Stars in Transition. II. Fundamental Properties and Evolutionary Status of Ofpe/WN9 Stars from HST Ultraviolet Observations”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 478 (1): 340–357. Bibcode:1997ApJ...478..340P. doi:10.1086/303767.
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Smith, Nathan; Tombleson, Ryan (2015). “Luminous blue variables are antisocial: Their isolation implies that they are kicked mass gainers in binary evolution”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 447 (1): 598–617. arXiv:1406.7431. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..598S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2430. S2CID119284620.
Schnurr, O.; Moffat, A. F. J.; St-Louis, N.; Morrell, N. I.; Guerrero, M. A. (2008). “A spectroscopic survey of WNL stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud: General properties and binary status”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 389 (2): 806–828. arXiv:0806.2801. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..806S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13584.x. S2CID6590534.
Smith, Nathan; Tombleson, Ryan (2015). “Luminous blue variables are antisocial: Their isolation implies that they are kicked mass gainers in binary evolution”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 447 (1): 598–617. arXiv:1406.7431. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..598S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2430. S2CID119284620.