For an overview of the two theories see Reiher, Jim (March 2012). “Galatians 3: 28 – Liberating for women’s ministry? Or of limited application?”. 《The Expository Times》 123 (6): 272–277. doi:10.1177/0014524611431773. Reiher comes down on the side of position (2).
Barclay, John M. G. (2002). 〈Paul’s Story: Theology as Testimony〉. Longenecker, Bruce W. 《Narrative Dynamics in Paul》. Louisville, London: Westminster John Knox. 133–56쪽. ISBN0-664-22277-3.
Lightfoot continues, "From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (2 Thessalonians 2:2; 2 Thessalonians 3:17) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. pelikois grammasin), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul." Joseph Barber Lightfoot, Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians.
