Herrero, Ana Vanessa and Nicholas Casey (2019년 2월 22일). “Venezuela's Ex-Spy Chief Breaks With Maduro: 'You Have Killed Hundreds'” Late (Ea Coa)판. 《뉴욕 타임스》. A.6면. Also available online.
Dube, Ryan and Kejal Vyas (2019년 2월 21일). “Venezuelan Official Breaks With Maduro; Hugo Carvajal, the former military-intelligence chief, pledges support for opposition leader Juan Guaidó and says humanitarian aid should be let into the country”. 《월스트리트 저널》. Also available online.