Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "동아프리카 지구대" in Korean language version.
The March 10, 1989 earthquake (Mw 6.1) in Malaŵi is the first such deep event to have occurred within the main topographic expression of the late Cenozoic east African rift system. Its focal mechanism and depth (32 ± 5 km) allow it to be plausibly associated with slip on a deep part of a major normal fault zone bounding the Malawi rift.
The March 10, 1989 earthquake (Mw 6.1) in Malaŵi is the first such deep event to have occurred within the main topographic expression of the late Cenozoic east African rift system. Its focal mechanism and depth (32 ± 5 km) allow it to be plausibly associated with slip on a deep part of a major normal fault zone bounding the Malawi rift.
|doi= 값 확인 필요 (도움말).The March 10, 1989 earthquake (Mw 6.1) in Malaŵi is the first such deep event to have occurred within the main topographic expression of the late Cenozoic east African rift system. Its focal mechanism and depth (32 ± 5 km) allow it to be plausibly associated with slip on a deep part of a major normal fault zone bounding the Malawi rift.
동아프리카 열곡대는 아라비아반도와 아프리카 북동부의 경계에서 부채꼴 형태로 남쪽으로 뻗은 대단층 함몰지구대이다. 아프리카 판 내부에 발달한 열곡대의 폭은 35~60 km이며 연장은 약 4,000km로 알려져 있다.
이 열곡대는 제3기초 올리고세(30∼35 Ma)부터 북쪽에서부터 형성되기 시작하여 현재까지 남쪽으로 진행하고 있는 대륙 내부에서 현생 지구조 확장운동이 일어나고 있는 지질학적으로 매우 흥미로운 지역이다... 열곡대는 에티오피아에서 남서쪽으로 발달하다 에티오피아 남부에서 동, 서 및 남서 열곡 분기대로 나누어진다...북쪽 홍해와 아덴만에서는 현재까지 확장 운동에 의해 새로운 해양지각이 생성되고 있다.
|doi= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)....The region is located along the Great Rift Valley, which runs for 3,000 miles between Syria and Mozambique and passes through the Dead Sea, below Jerusalem's eastern hills.
The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is the northernmost sector of the East African Rift system, which meets the NE–spreading Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rifts in the Afar depression.
Extension in the MER started at ˜11 Ma with the initiation of high–angle border faults commonly marked by eruptive volcanic centres, with a progressive narrowing in the zone of deformation.
The EARS is a lithospheric opening in the African continent, which in terms of plate tectonics results from the divergence of large, regional-scale blocks.
The activity is demonstrated in terms of faulting and volcanism where significant and damaging earthquakes have been recorded and reported from time to time. Previous studies showed that the East African Rift System exhibits significantly high seismic activity (Kebede and Kulhánek, 1991; Macheyeki et al., 2008) and suggested the correlation of earthquakes occurrence with the geologic features
The EARS has been traditionally divided into the magma-rich Eastern Branch (including the Afar Depression and the Main Ethiopian Rift) and the magma-poor Western Branch.
Kenya is seismically active since the Kenya rift valley traverses through the country from north to south bisecting the country into eastern and western regions...The Kenya rift valley and the Kavirondo (Nyanza) rift are the most seismically active where earthquakes of local magnitude (Ml) in the order of <2.0–5.0 occur.
...the EARS has the western and eastern branches (Fig. 1). The western branch is seismically very active (Delvaux et al., 2012) and the active faults are providing good information in understanding of the tectonics activities of the region.
The Kivu rift region lies in the central part of the western branch of the East African rift system which is considered in an early continental extension stage. It extends over Rwanda, Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), SW Uganda and NW Tanzania.
The Rukwa Rift is a roughly 300 km long by 50 km wide northwest-southeast trending segment of the Western Branch of the East African Rift System, located in southwestern Tanzania between Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi...Structurally, the Rukwa Rift displays classic half-graben architecture
Zone The ORZ(The Okavango Rift) is part of the Southwestern Branch of the EARS. This branch consists of a network of 100 km long and 40–80 km wide Quaternary rift basins distributed along an approximately 250 km wide corridor extending for about 1700 km west of the Tanganyika and Malawi rifts.
The SWB(Southwestern Branch) constitutes a series of rift basins that extend for ~1700 km in a southeastern direction from the western side of the Tanganyika and Malawi rifts to the Okavango rift zone in Botswana.
The Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) is an incipient continental rift basin found at the terminal of the Southwestern Branch of the East African Rift System.
Cenozoic volcanism in the EARS is widespread in the north—especially eastern branch, but sparse in the south...Abundant volcanism in Northeast Africa is related to plume occurrence.
The East Branch of the Rift System runs north-to-south through Kenya and central Tanzania, several hundred kilometers to the east of the September 10 earthquake.
In this context, today’s earthquake is some 200 km or more to the east of the West Branch of the Rift System, which runs along the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and both Uganda (in the north) and Tanzania (to the south).
The location of the September 10, 2016 earthquake broadly places it in the East African Rift System, a 3,000-km-long Cenozoic age continental rift extending from the Afar triple junction (between the horn of Africa and the Middle East), to western Mozambique. In this context, today’s earthquake is some 200 km or more to the east of the West Branch of the Rift System, which runs along the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and both Uganda (in the north) and Tanzania (to the south).
The Victoria microplate lies between these two branches of the rift, and helps to accommodate the dominantly divergent (extensional) tectonics of the Rift System, where rift segments are connected by dominantly strike-slip transform faults.
The EAR is composed of a series of fault-bounded basins and volcanic centers stretching through East Africa in a roughly NS direction, with seismicity, active faulting, and volcanism generally localized along narrow belts separating largely aseismic domains.
The northernmost branch of the EAR is the Main Ethiopian Rift, a single-extensional rift basin between Nubia and Somalia extending from the Afar triple junction [Wolfenden et al., 2004; Keir et al., 2009] to the Lake Turkana depression in northern Kenya.
Most of the seismicity of the EAR is concentrated in the magma-poor Western Rift, which initiated around 25 Ma simultaneously with the Eastern branch [Roberts et al., 2012]... The Western branch is characterized by low-volume volcanic activity, large (M > 6.5) magnitude earthquakes, and hypocenters at depths up to 30–40 km [Yang and Chen, 2010; Craig et al., 2011].
South of the Malawi Rift, active deformation extends along the seismically active Urema graben and further south along the Chissenga seismic zone and the Urrongas protorift swell [Hartnady, 2006], where the Mw7.0 Machaze, Mozambique, earthquake of 23 February 2006 occurred [Fenton and Bommer, 2006; Yang and Chen, 2008].
This led Hartnady [2002] to postulate the existence of microplates (among which the Victoria, Rovuma, and Lwandle microplates discussed in this paper, Figure 1) embedded between the main Nubia and Somalia plates.
The EAR is composed of a series of fault-bounded basins and volcanic centers stretching through East Africa in a roughly NS direction, with seismicity, active faulting, and volcanism generally localized along narrow belts separating largely aseismic domains.
The northernmost branch of the EAR is the Main Ethiopian Rift, a single-extensional rift basin between Nubia and Somalia extending from the Afar triple junction [Wolfenden et al., 2004; Keir et al., 2009] to the Lake Turkana depression in northern Kenya.
Most of the seismicity of the EAR is concentrated in the magma-poor Western Rift, which initiated around 25 Ma simultaneously with the Eastern branch [Roberts et al., 2012]... The Western branch is characterized by low-volume volcanic activity, large (M > 6.5) magnitude earthquakes, and hypocenters at depths up to 30–40 km [Yang and Chen, 2010; Craig et al., 2011].
South of the Malawi Rift, active deformation extends along the seismically active Urema graben and further south along the Chissenga seismic zone and the Urrongas protorift swell [Hartnady, 2006], where the Mw7.0 Machaze, Mozambique, earthquake of 23 February 2006 occurred [Fenton and Bommer, 2006; Yang and Chen, 2008].
This led Hartnady [2002] to postulate the existence of microplates (among which the Victoria, Rovuma, and Lwandle microplates discussed in this paper, Figure 1) embedded between the main Nubia and Somalia plates.