꾸란 33:40Archived 2018년 4월 27일 - 웨이백 머신. 2012년 7월 13일에 확인. [Saudi Qur'an Institute] 40. 무함마드는 너희 가운데 어느 한 사람의 아버지가 아니며 하나님의 선지자이자 최후의 예언자라 실로 하나님은 모든 것을 아시노라 (Abdullah Yusuf Ali) 40. Muḥammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets:(3709) and God has full knowledge of all things. (3709). When a document is sealed, it is complete, and there can be no further addition. The Prophet Muḥammad closed the long line of Messengers. God’s teaching is and will always be continuous, but there has been and will be no Prophet after Muḥammad. The later ages will want thinkers and reformers, not Prophets. This is not an arbitrary matter. It is a decree full of knowledge and wisdom, "for God has full knowledge of all things." (Ali Quli Qara'i) 40. Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Apostle of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets, and Allah has knowledge of all things.
Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China, by Samuel N. C. Lieu: [1]
이 시의 영문 번역문과 한글 번역문은 다음과 같다. 영문 번역문은 Samuel N. C. Lieu, 《Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China》, p. 162: [2]를 참조하시오. 한글 번역문은 편집자가 번역한 것이다.
The strangers with whom I mixed, me they know not;
They tasted my sweetness, they desired to keep me with them.
I am life to them, but they are death to me;
I bore up beneath them, they wore me as a garment upon them.
I am in everything, I bear the skies, I am the foundation,
I support the earths, I am the Light that shines forth, that gives joy to souls.
I am the life of the word; I am the milk that is in all trees:
I am the sweet water that is beneath the sons of Matter.
나는 낯선 자들과 섞였으나, 그들은 나를 알아차리지 못하였다;
그들은 나의 달콤함을 맛보았으며, 내가 계속 그들과 함께 하기를 원하였다.
나는 그들에게 생명이었으나, 그들은 나에게 죽음이었다;
나는 그들을 떠받쳐 지탱하였고, 그들은 나를 보호의 의복으로 입었다.
나는 모든 것 속에 있으며, 하늘들을 지탱하며, 굳건한 토대이다.
나는 땅들을 지탱하며, 영혼들에게 기쁨을 주는 빛나는 빛이다.
나는 세상의 생명이다; 나는 모든 나무 속의 수액이다:
나는 물질의 아들들 아래에서 그들을 지탱하는 감로수이다.
1) Mary Boyce, 《Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices》, Routledge, 2001. pg 111: "He was Iranian, of noble Parthian blood..." 2) Warwick Ball, 《Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire》 , Routledge, 2001. pg 437: "Manichaeism was a syncretic religion, proclaimed by the Iranian Prophet Mani.. 3) Sundermann, Werner, "Mani, the founder of the religion of Manicheism in the 3rd century CE", Encyclopaeia Iranica, 2009. Sundermann summarizes the available sources thus: "According to the Fehrest, Mani was of Arsacid stock on both his father’s and his mother’s sides, at least if the readings al-ḥaskāniya (Mani’s father) and al-asʿāniya (Mani’s mother) are corrected to al-aškāniya and al-ašḡāniya (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, ll. 2 and 3) respectively. The forefathers of Mani’s father are said to have been from Hamadan and so perhaps of Iranian origin (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, 5–6). The Chinese Compendium, which makes the father a local king, maintains that his mother was from the house Jinsajian, explained by Henning as the Armenian Arsacid family of Kamsarakan (Henning, 1943, p. 52, n. 4 = 1977, II, p. 115). Is that fact, or fiction, or both? The historicity of this tradition is assumed by most, but the possibility that Mani’s noble Arsacid background is legendary cannot be ruled out (cf. Scheftelowitz, 1933, pp. 403–4). In any case, it is characteristic that Mani took pride in his origin from time-honored Babel, but never claimed affiliation to the Iranian upper class."
꾸란 33:40Archived 2018년 4월 27일 - 웨이백 머신. 2012년 7월 13일에 확인. [Saudi Qur'an Institute] 40. 무함마드는 너희 가운데 어느 한 사람의 아버지가 아니며 하나님의 선지자이자 최후의 예언자라 실로 하나님은 모든 것을 아시노라 (Abdullah Yusuf Ali) 40. Muḥammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets:(3709) and God has full knowledge of all things. (3709). When a document is sealed, it is complete, and there can be no further addition. The Prophet Muḥammad closed the long line of Messengers. God’s teaching is and will always be continuous, but there has been and will be no Prophet after Muḥammad. The later ages will want thinkers and reformers, not Prophets. This is not an arbitrary matter. It is a decree full of knowledge and wisdom, "for God has full knowledge of all things." (Ali Quli Qara'i) 40. Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Apostle of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets, and Allah has knowledge of all things.
진티크(Zindīq: 이단자)는 마니교인들을 가리킨 낱말이다. 참고: Mahmood Ibrahim, "Religious Inquisition as Social Policy: The Persecution of the 'Zanadiqa' in the Early Abbasid Caliphate", 《Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ)》, Vol. 16, 1994.
Manichaeans were the original Zindīqs. See: Mahmood Ibrahim, 《Religious Inquisition as Social Policy: The Persecution of the 'Zanadiqa' in the Early Abbasid Caliphate》, in Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Vol. 16, 1994.
Stroumsa, Gedaliahu G., 《Anti-Cathar Polemics and the Liber de duobus principiis》, in B. Lewis and F. Niewöhner, eds., Religionsgespräche im Mittelalter (Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien, 4; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1992), 169-183, p. 170
