Mahler DA (2006). “Mechanisms and measurement of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society》 3 (3): 234–8. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF. PMID16636091.
Holland AE; Hill CJ; Jones AY; McDonald CF (2012). Holland, Anne E, 편집. “Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 10: CD008250. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2. PMID23076942.
Brulotte CA; Lang ES (May 2012). “Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department”. 《Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am.》 30 (2): 223–47, vii. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. PMID22487106.
Calverley PM; Koulouris NG (2005). “Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology”. 《Eur Respir J》 25 (1): 186–199. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00113204. PMID15640341.
O'Donnell DE (2006). “Hyperinflation, Dyspnea, and Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. 《The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society》 3 (2): 180–4. doi:10.1513/pats.200508-093DO. PMID16565429.
Qaseem A; Wilt TJ; Weinberger SE; Hanania NA; Criner G; van der Molen T; Marciniuk DD; Denberg T; Schünemann H; Wedzicha W; MacDonald R; Shekelle P (August 2011). “Diagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society”. 《Ann. Intern. Med.》 155 (3): 179–91. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00008. PMID21810710.
Torres M; Moayedi S (May 2007). “Evaluation of the acutely dyspneic elderly patient”. 《Clin. Geriatr. Med.》 23 (2): 307–25, vi. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2007.01.007. PMID17462519.
Mackay AJ; Hurst JR (July 2012). “COPD exacerbations: causes, prevention, and treatment”. 《Med. Clin. North Am.》 96 (4): 789–809. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.008. PMID22793945.
Poole PJ; Chacko E; Wood-Baker RW; Cates CJ (2006). Poole, Phillippa, 편집. “Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (1): CD002733. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002733.pub2. PMID16437444.
Drummond MB; Dasenbrook EC; Pitz MW; Murphy DJ; Fan E (November 2008). “Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 300 (20): 2407–16. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.717. PMID19033591.
Carlucci A; Guerrieri A; Nava S (December 2012). “Palliative care in COPD patients: is it only an end-of-life issue?”. 《Eur Respir Rev》 21 (126): 347–54. doi:10.1183/09059180.00001512. PMID23204123.
Puhan MA; Gimeno-Santos E; Scharplatz M; Troosters T; Walters EH; Steurer J (2011). Puhan, Milo A, 편집. “Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (10): CD005305. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005305.pub3. PMID21975749.
Lacasse Y; Goldstein R; Lasserson TJ; Martin S (2006). Lacasse, Yves, 편집. “Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (4): CD003793. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub2. PMID17054186.
Ferreira IM; Brooks D; White J; Goldstein R (2012). Ferreira, Ivone M, 편집. “Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 12: CD000998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000998.pub3. PMID23235577.
van Dijk WD; van den Bemt L; van Weel C (2013). “Megatrials for bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment: time to reflect”. 《J Am Board Fam Med》 26 (2): 221–4. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2013.02.110342. PMID23471939.
Chong J; Karner C; Poole P (2012). Chong, Jimmy, 편집. “Tiotropium versus long-acting beta-agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 9: CD009157. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009157.pub2. PMID22972134.
Karner C; Cates CJ (2012). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Long-acting beta(2)-agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long-acting beta(2)-agonist alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 4: CD008989. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008989.pub2. PMID22513969.
Cave, AC.; Hurst, MM. (May 2011). “The use of long acting β₂-agonists, alone or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a risk-benefit analysis”. 《Pharmacol Ther》 130 (2): 114–43. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.12.008. PMID21276815.
Spencer, S; Karner, C; Cates, CJ; Evans, DJ (2011년 12월 7일). Spencer, Sally, 편집. “Inhaled corticosteroids versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 (12): CD007033. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007033.pub3. PMID22161409.
Wang, J; Nie, B; Xiong, W; Xu, Y (April 2012). “Effect of long-acting beta-agonists on the frequency of COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis”. 《Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics》 37 (2): 204–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01285.x. PMID21740451.
Nannini, LJ; Lasserson, TJ; Poole, P (2012년 9월 12일). Nannini, Luis Javier, 편집. “Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 9: CD006829. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006829.pub2. PMID22972099.
Karner C; Chong J; Poole P (2012). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 7: CD009285. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009285.pub2. PMID22786525.
Cheyne L; Irvin-Sellers MJ; White J (2013년 9월 16일). Cheyne, Leanne, 편집. “Tiotropium versus ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 9 (9): CD009552. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009552.pub2. PMID24043433.
Karner, C; Chong, J; Poole, P (2012년 7월 11일). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 7: CD009285. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009285.pub2. PMID22786525.
Singh S; Loke YK; Furberg CD (September 2008). “Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 300 (12): 1439–50. doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1439. PMID18812535.
Singh S; Loke YK; Enright P; Furberg CD (January 2013). “Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications”. 《Thorax》 68 (1): 114–6. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201275. PMID22764216.
Jones, P (Apr 2013). “Aclidinium bromide twice daily for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review.”. 《Advances in therapy》 30 (4): 354–68. doi:10.1007/s12325-013-0019-2. PMID23553509.
Cazzola, M; Page, CP; Matera, MG (Jun 2013). “Aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.”. 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》 14 (9): 1205–14. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.789021. PMID23566013.
Shafazand S (June 2013). “ACP Journal Club. Review: inhaled medications vary substantively in their effects on mortality in COPD”. 《Ann. Intern. Med.》 158 (12): JC2. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-02002. PMID23778926.
Herath, SC; Poole, P (2013년 11월 28일). “Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 11: CD009764. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009764.pub2. PMID24288145.
Simoens, S; Laekeman, G; Decramer, M (May 2013). “Preventing COPD exacerbations with macrolides: a review and budget impact analysis”. 《Respiratory medicine》 107 (5): 637–48. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.019. PMID23352223.
Barr RG; Rowe BH; Camargo CA (2003). Barr, R Graham, 편집. “Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (2): CD002168. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002168. PMID12804425.
Bradley JM; O'Neill B (2005). Bradley, Judy M, 편집. “Short-term ambulatory oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (4): CD004356. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004356.pub3. PMID16235359.
Jeppesen, E; Brurberg, KG; Vist, GE; Wedzicha, JA; Wright, JJ; Greenstone, M; Walters, JA (2012년 5월 16일). “Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 5: CD003573. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003573.pub2. PMID22592692.
Murray CJ; Vos T; Lozano R; Naghavi M; Flaxman AD; Michaud C; Ezzati M; Shibuya K; Salomon JA; 외. (December 2012). “Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2197–223. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4. PMID23245608.
Vos T; Flaxman AD; Naghavi M; Lozano R; Michaud C; Ezzati M; Shibuya K; Salomon JA; Abdalla S; Aboyans V; 외. (December 2012). “Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID23245607.
Lozano R,; Naghavi M; Foreman K; Lim S; Shibuya K; Aboyans V; Abraham J; Adair T; Aggarwal R; 외. (December 2012). “Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID23245604.
Fishman AP (May 2005). “One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.》 171 (9): 941–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE. PMID15849329.
Inamdar, AC; Inamdar, AA (Oct 2013). “Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in lung disorders: pathogenesis of lung diseases and mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cell.”. 《Experimental lung research》 39 (8): 315–27. doi:10.3109/01902148.2013.816803. PMID23992090.
Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). 〈Definition and Overview〉(PDF). 《Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 1–7쪽. 2013년 10월 4일에 원본 문서(PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 8월 18일에 확인함.
Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). 〈Diagnosis and Assessment〉(PDF). 《Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 9–17쪽. 2013년 10월 4일에 원본 문서(PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 8월 18일에 확인함.
Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). 〈Management of Exacerbations〉(PDF). 《Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 39–45쪽. 2013년 10월 4일에 원본 문서(PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 8월 18일에 확인함.
Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). 〈Therapeutic Options〉(PDF). 《Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 19–30쪽. 2013년 10월 4일에 원본 문서(PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 8월 18일에 확인함.
Mahler DA (2006). “Mechanisms and measurement of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society》 3 (3): 234–8. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF. PMID16636091.
Holland AE; Hill CJ; Jones AY; McDonald CF (2012). Holland, Anne E, 편집. “Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 10: CD008250. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2. PMID23076942.
Brulotte CA; Lang ES (May 2012). “Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department”. 《Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am.》 30 (2): 223–47, vii. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. PMID22487106.
Calverley PM; Koulouris NG (2005). “Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology”. 《Eur Respir J》 25 (1): 186–199. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00113204. PMID15640341.
O'Donnell DE (2006). “Hyperinflation, Dyspnea, and Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. 《The Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society》 3 (2): 180–4. doi:10.1513/pats.200508-093DO. PMID16565429.
Qaseem A; Wilt TJ; Weinberger SE; Hanania NA; Criner G; van der Molen T; Marciniuk DD; Denberg T; Schünemann H; Wedzicha W; MacDonald R; Shekelle P (August 2011). “Diagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society”. 《Ann. Intern. Med.》 155 (3): 179–91. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00008. PMID21810710.
Torres M; Moayedi S (May 2007). “Evaluation of the acutely dyspneic elderly patient”. 《Clin. Geriatr. Med.》 23 (2): 307–25, vi. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2007.01.007. PMID17462519.
Mackay AJ; Hurst JR (July 2012). “COPD exacerbations: causes, prevention, and treatment”. 《Med. Clin. North Am.》 96 (4): 789–809. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.008. PMID22793945.
Poole PJ; Chacko E; Wood-Baker RW; Cates CJ (2006). Poole, Phillippa, 편집. “Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (1): CD002733. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002733.pub2. PMID16437444.
Jiménez-Ruiz CA; Fagerström KO (March 2013). “Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of counselling”. 《Monaldi Arch Chest Dis》 79 (1): 33–7. PMID23741944.
Drummond MB; Dasenbrook EC; Pitz MW; Murphy DJ; Fan E (November 2008). “Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 300 (20): 2407–16. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.717. PMID19033591.
Carlucci A; Guerrieri A; Nava S (December 2012). “Palliative care in COPD patients: is it only an end-of-life issue?”. 《Eur Respir Rev》 21 (126): 347–54. doi:10.1183/09059180.00001512. PMID23204123.
Puhan MA; Gimeno-Santos E; Scharplatz M; Troosters T; Walters EH; Steurer J (2011). Puhan, Milo A, 편집. “Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (10): CD005305. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005305.pub3. PMID21975749.
Lacasse Y; Goldstein R; Lasserson TJ; Martin S (2006). Lacasse, Yves, 편집. “Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (4): CD003793. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub2. PMID17054186.
Ferreira IM; Brooks D; White J; Goldstein R (2012). Ferreira, Ivone M, 편집. “Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 12: CD000998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000998.pub3. PMID23235577.
van Dijk WD; van den Bemt L; van Weel C (2013). “Megatrials for bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment: time to reflect”. 《J Am Board Fam Med》 26 (2): 221–4. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2013.02.110342. PMID23471939.
Chong J; Karner C; Poole P (2012). Chong, Jimmy, 편집. “Tiotropium versus long-acting beta-agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 9: CD009157. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009157.pub2. PMID22972134.
Karner C; Cates CJ (2012). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Long-acting beta(2)-agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long-acting beta(2)-agonist alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 4: CD008989. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008989.pub2. PMID22513969.
Cave, AC.; Hurst, MM. (May 2011). “The use of long acting β₂-agonists, alone or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a risk-benefit analysis”. 《Pharmacol Ther》 130 (2): 114–43. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.12.008. PMID21276815.
Spencer, S; Karner, C; Cates, CJ; Evans, DJ (2011년 12월 7일). Spencer, Sally, 편집. “Inhaled corticosteroids versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 (12): CD007033. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007033.pub3. PMID22161409.
Wang, J; Nie, B; Xiong, W; Xu, Y (April 2012). “Effect of long-acting beta-agonists on the frequency of COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis”. 《Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics》 37 (2): 204–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01285.x. PMID21740451.
Nannini, LJ; Lasserson, TJ; Poole, P (2012년 9월 12일). Nannini, Luis Javier, 편집. “Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 9: CD006829. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006829.pub2. PMID22972099.
Karner C; Chong J; Poole P (2012). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 7: CD009285. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009285.pub2. PMID22786525.
Cheyne L; Irvin-Sellers MJ; White J (2013년 9월 16일). Cheyne, Leanne, 편집. “Tiotropium versus ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 9 (9): CD009552. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009552.pub2. PMID24043433.
Karner, C; Chong, J; Poole, P (2012년 7월 11일). Karner, Charlotta, 편집. “Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 7: CD009285. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009285.pub2. PMID22786525.
Singh S; Loke YK; Furberg CD (September 2008). “Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 300 (12): 1439–50. doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1439. PMID18812535.
Singh S; Loke YK; Enright P; Furberg CD (January 2013). “Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications”. 《Thorax》 68 (1): 114–6. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201275. PMID22764216.
Jones, P (Apr 2013). “Aclidinium bromide twice daily for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review.”. 《Advances in therapy》 30 (4): 354–68. doi:10.1007/s12325-013-0019-2. PMID23553509.
Cazzola, M; Page, CP; Matera, MG (Jun 2013). “Aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.”. 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》 14 (9): 1205–14. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.789021. PMID23566013.
Shafazand S (June 2013). “ACP Journal Club. Review: inhaled medications vary substantively in their effects on mortality in COPD”. 《Ann. Intern. Med.》 158 (12): JC2. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-02002. PMID23778926.
Mammen MJ; Sethi S (2012). “Macrolide therapy for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn.》 122 (1–2): 54–9. PMID22353707.
Herath, SC; Poole, P (2013년 11월 28일). “Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 11: CD009764. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009764.pub2. PMID24288145.
Simoens, S; Laekeman, G; Decramer, M (May 2013). “Preventing COPD exacerbations with macrolides: a review and budget impact analysis”. 《Respiratory medicine》 107 (5): 637–48. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.019. PMID23352223.
Barr RG; Rowe BH; Camargo CA (2003). Barr, R Graham, 편집. “Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Cochrane Database Syst Rev》 (2): CD002168. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002168. PMID12804425.
Jeppesen, E; Brurberg, KG; Vist, GE; Wedzicha, JA; Wright, JJ; Greenstone, M; Walters, JA (2012년 5월 16일). “Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.”. 《The Cochrane database of systematic reviews》 5: CD003573. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003573.pub2. PMID22592692.
Murray CJ; Vos T; Lozano R; Naghavi M; Flaxman AD; Michaud C; Ezzati M; Shibuya K; Salomon JA; 외. (December 2012). “Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2197–223. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4. PMID23245608.
Vos T; Flaxman AD; Naghavi M; Lozano R; Michaud C; Ezzati M; Shibuya K; Salomon JA; Abdalla S; Aboyans V; 외. (December 2012). “Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID23245607.
Lozano R,; Naghavi M; Foreman K; Lim S; Shibuya K; Aboyans V; Abraham J; Adair T; Aggarwal R; 외. (December 2012). “Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”. 《Lancet》 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID23245604.
Fishman AP (May 2005). “One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. 《Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.》 171 (9): 941–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE. PMID15849329.
Inamdar, AC; Inamdar, AA (Oct 2013). “Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in lung disorders: pathogenesis of lung diseases and mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cell.”. 《Experimental lung research》 39 (8): 315–27. doi:10.3109/01902148.2013.816803. PMID23992090.
Churg, A; Wright, JL (2007). “Animal models of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive lung disease”. 《Contributions to microbiology》. Contributions to Microbiology 14: 113–25. doi:10.1159/000107058. ISBN3-8055-8332-X. PMID17684336.
Marinkovic D; Aleksic-Kovacevic S; Plamenac P (2007). “Cellular basis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses”. 《Int. Rev. Cytol.》. International Review of Cytology 257: 213–47. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(07)57006-3. ISBN978-0-12-373701-4. PMID17280899.
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Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). 〈Definition and Overview〉(PDF). 《Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 1–7쪽. 2013년 10월 4일에 원본 문서(PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 8월 18일에 확인함.
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