모멘트 규모 (Korean Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "모멘트 규모" in Korean language version.

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Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

agu.org

Choy & Boatwright 1995 Choy, George L.; Boatwright, John L. (1995년 9월 10일), “Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 100 (B9): 18205–28, Bibcode:1995JGR...10018205C, doi:10.1029/95JB01969, 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2010년 3월 21일에 확인함 .

annalsofgeophysics.eu

Gutenberg 1945b, Gutenberg & Richter 1956b. Gutenberg, Beno (April 1945b), “Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (2): 57–69, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35...57G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350020057 . Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (1956b), “Magnitude and energy of earthquakes”, 《Annali di Geofisica》 9 (1): 1–15 .

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .

books.google.com

Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Stauder 1962, 42쪽; Aki & Richards 2002, 48쪽. Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 . Aki, Keiiti; Richards, Paul G. (2002), 《Quantitative Seismology》 2판, ISBN 0-935702-96-2 .
Beroza & Kanamori 2015, 5쪽. Beroza, G. C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (2015), 〈4.01 Earthquake Seismologoy: An Introduction and Overview〉, Schubert, Gerald, 《Treatise on Geophysics》, 4: Earthquake Seismology 2판, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00069-5, ISBN 9780444538024 .

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Gutenberg & Richter 1956a. Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (April 1956a), “Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration (Second Paper)” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 46 (2): 105–145, doi:10.1785/BSSA0460020105 .
Richter 1935. Richter, Charles F. (January 1935), “An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 25 (1): 1–32, Bibcode:1935BuSSA..25....1R, doi:10.1785/BSSA0250010001, 2018년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Gutenberg 1945a. Gutenberg, Beno (January 1945a), “Amplitudes of surface Waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (1): 3–12, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35....3G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350010003 .
Gutenberg 1945b, Gutenberg & Richter 1956b. Gutenberg, Beno (April 1945b), “Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (2): 57–69, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35...57G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350020057 . Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (1956b), “Magnitude and energy of earthquakes”, 《Annali di Geofisica》 9 (1): 1–15 .
Kanamori & Anderson 1975, 1076쪽. Kanamori, Hiroo; Anderson, Don L. (October 1975), “Theoretical basis of some empirical relations in seismology” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 65 (5): 1073–1095 .

gps.caltech.edu

Hanks & Kanamori 1979 Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 18쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Gutenberg & Richter 1956a. Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (April 1956a), “Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration (Second Paper)” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 46 (2): 105–145, doi:10.1785/BSSA0460020105 .
Richter 1935. Richter, Charles F. (January 1935), “An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 25 (1): 1–32, Bibcode:1935BuSSA..25....1R, doi:10.1785/BSSA0250010001, 2018년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Gutenberg 1945a. Gutenberg, Beno (January 1945a), “Amplitudes of surface Waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (1): 3–12, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35....3G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350010003 .
Gutenberg 1945b, Gutenberg & Richter 1956b. Gutenberg, Beno (April 1945b), “Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (2): 57–69, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35...57G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350020057 . Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (1956b), “Magnitude and energy of earthquakes”, 《Annali di Geofisica》 9 (1): 1–15 .
Kanamori 1977, 2981쪽. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. 당시 대부분 지진학자들이 단일결합설을 지지한 현대적, 학계적 설명에 대해서는 Byerly 1960를 참조. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Byerly, Perry (1960년 5월 20일), “Earthquake Mechanisms”, 《Science》 131 (3412): 1493–1496, Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1493B, doi:10.1126/science.131.3412.1493, PMID 17802489 .
Miyake 2017, 116, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Pujol 2003b, 164쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Aki 1966b, 84쪽; Pujol 2003b, 167쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Julian, Miller & Foulger 1998, §2.2.1. Julian, Bruce R.; Miller, Angus D.; Foulger, G. R. (November 1998), “Non-Double-Couple Earthquakes 1. Theory”, 《Reviews of Geophysics》 36 (4): 525–549, Bibcode:1998RvGeo..36..525J, doi:10.1029/98rg00716 .
Miyake 2017, 114, 117쪽; Maruyama 1963, 483쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Steketee 1958b, 1168–1169쪽. Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
Stauder 1962, 42쪽; Aki & Richards 2002, 48쪽. Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 . Aki, Keiiti; Richards, Paul G. (2002), 《Quantitative Seismology》 2판, ISBN 0-935702-96-2 .
Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 467쪽; Steketee 1958a, 1958b. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Steketee, J.A. (1958a), “On Volterra's dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (2): 192–205, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36..192S, doi:10.1139/p58-024 . Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
총망에 대해서는 Udías 1991에서 일부 참조. Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Aki 1966b, 73쪽; Kassaras & Kapetanidis 2018, 410쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Kassaras, Ioannis G.; Kapetanidis, Vasilis (2018), 〈Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial〉, D'Amico, Sebastiano, 《Moment Tensor Solutions: A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics》, 405–452쪽, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_19, ISBN 978-3-319-77358-2 .
Beroza & Kanamori 2015, 5쪽. Beroza, G. C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (2015), 〈4.01 Earthquake Seismologoy: An Introduction and Overview〉, Schubert, Gerald, 《Treatise on Geophysics》, 4: Earthquake Seismology 2판, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00069-5, ISBN 9780444538024 .
Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 12쪽, equation 3.1. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 39–40쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 7쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Abe 1982, 322쪽. Abe, Katsuyuki (1982), “Magnitude, seismic moment and apparent stress for major deep earthquakes”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 30 (4): 321–330, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.30.321, ISSN 1884-2305 .
Deichmann 2006, 1268쪽. Deichmann, Nicholas (August 2006), “Local Magnitude, a Moment Revisited”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (4a): 1267–1277, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96.1267D, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.993.2211, doi:10.1785/0120050115 .
Kanamori 1977. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Thatcher & Hanks 1973 Thatcher, Wayne; Hanks, Thomas C. (1973년 12월 10일), “Source parameters of southern California earthquakes”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 78 (35): 8547–8576, Bibcode:1973JGR....78.8547T, doi:10.1029/JB078i035p08547 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979 Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽 Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Kostrov 1974; Dahlen 1977. Kostrov, B. V. (1974), “Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes, and seismic flow of rock [in Russian]”, 《Izvestiya, Akademi Nauk, USSR, Physics of the solid earth [Earth Physics]》 1: 23–44 (English Trans. 12–21) . Dahlen, F. A. (February 1977), “The balance of energy in earthquake faulting”, 《Geophysical Journal International》 48 (2): 239–261, Bibcode:1977GeoJ...48..239D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1977.tb01298.x .
Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 3 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 1 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Choy & Boatwright 1995 Choy, George L.; Boatwright, John L. (1995년 9월 10일), “Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 100 (B9): 18205–28, Bibcode:1995JGR...10018205C, doi:10.1029/95JB01969, 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2010년 3월 21일에 확인함 .
Dahlen, F. A. (February 1977). “The balance of energy in earthquake faulting”. 《Geophysical Journal International》 48 (2): 239–261. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1977.tb01298.x.
Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일). “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF). 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302). Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V. doi:10.1029/2003JB002549. 式3
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.2, p. 135. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.3, pp. 137–128. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

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Kanamori 1977, 2981쪽. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Kanamori 1977. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .

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Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 18쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
총평에 대해서는 Bormann & Saul 2009 참조. Bormann, Peter; Saul, Joachim (2009), 〈Earthquake Magnitude〉 (PDF), 《Encyclopedia of Complexity and Applied Systems Science》 3, 2473–2496쪽 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 12쪽, equation 3.1. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 39–40쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 7쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽 Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.2, p. 135. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.3, pp. 137–128. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

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Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. 당시 대부분 지진학자들이 단일결합설을 지지한 현대적, 학계적 설명에 대해서는 Byerly 1960를 참조. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Byerly, Perry (1960년 5월 20일), “Earthquake Mechanisms”, 《Science》 131 (3412): 1493–1496, Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1493B, doi:10.1126/science.131.3412.1493, PMID 17802489 .
Miyake 2017, 116, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 114, 117쪽; Maruyama 1963, 483쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 467쪽; Steketee 1958a, 1958b. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Steketee, J.A. (1958a), “On Volterra's dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (2): 192–205, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36..192S, doi:10.1139/p58-024 . Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .

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Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Richter 1935. Richter, Charles F. (January 1935), “An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 25 (1): 1–32, Bibcode:1935BuSSA..25....1R, doi:10.1785/BSSA0250010001, 2018년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Gutenberg 1945a. Gutenberg, Beno (January 1945a), “Amplitudes of surface Waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (1): 3–12, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35....3G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350010003 .
Gutenberg 1945b, Gutenberg & Richter 1956b. Gutenberg, Beno (April 1945b), “Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (2): 57–69, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35...57G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350020057 . Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (1956b), “Magnitude and energy of earthquakes”, 《Annali di Geofisica》 9 (1): 1–15 .
Kanamori 1977, 2981쪽. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. 당시 대부분 지진학자들이 단일결합설을 지지한 현대적, 학계적 설명에 대해서는 Byerly 1960를 참조. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Byerly, Perry (1960년 5월 20일), “Earthquake Mechanisms”, 《Science》 131 (3412): 1493–1496, Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1493B, doi:10.1126/science.131.3412.1493, PMID 17802489 .
Miyake 2017, 116, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Julian, Miller & Foulger 1998, §2.2.1. Julian, Bruce R.; Miller, Angus D.; Foulger, G. R. (November 1998), “Non-Double-Couple Earthquakes 1. Theory”, 《Reviews of Geophysics》 36 (4): 525–549, Bibcode:1998RvGeo..36..525J, doi:10.1029/98rg00716 .
Miyake 2017, 114, 117쪽; Maruyama 1963, 483쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Steketee 1958b, 1168–1169쪽. Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 467쪽; Steketee 1958a, 1958b. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Steketee, J.A. (1958a), “On Volterra's dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (2): 192–205, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36..192S, doi:10.1139/p58-024 . Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
총망에 대해서는 Udías 1991에서 일부 참조. Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Deichmann 2006, 1268쪽. Deichmann, Nicholas (August 2006), “Local Magnitude, a Moment Revisited”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (4a): 1267–1277, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96.1267D, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.993.2211, doi:10.1785/0120050115 .
Kanamori 1977. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Thatcher & Hanks 1973 Thatcher, Wayne; Hanks, Thomas C. (1973년 12월 10일), “Source parameters of southern California earthquakes”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 78 (35): 8547–8576, Bibcode:1973JGR....78.8547T, doi:10.1029/JB078i035p08547 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979 Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Kostrov 1974; Dahlen 1977. Kostrov, B. V. (1974), “Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes, and seismic flow of rock [in Russian]”, 《Izvestiya, Akademi Nauk, USSR, Physics of the solid earth [Earth Physics]》 1: 23–44 (English Trans. 12–21) . Dahlen, F. A. (February 1977), “The balance of energy in earthquake faulting”, 《Geophysical Journal International》 48 (2): 239–261, Bibcode:1977GeoJ...48..239D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1977.tb01298.x .
Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 3 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 1 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Choy & Boatwright 1995 Choy, George L.; Boatwright, John L. (1995년 9월 10일), “Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 100 (B9): 18205–28, Bibcode:1995JGR...10018205C, doi:10.1029/95JB01969, 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2010년 3월 21일에 확인함 .
Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일). “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF). 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302). Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V. doi:10.1029/2003JB002549. 式3

iris.edu

Aki 1966b, 84쪽; Pujol 2003b, 167쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Aki 1966b, 73쪽; Kassaras & Kapetanidis 2018, 410쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Kassaras, Ioannis G.; Kapetanidis, Vasilis (2018), 〈Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial〉, D'Amico, Sebastiano, 《Moment Tensor Solutions: A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics》, 405–452쪽, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_19, ISBN 978-3-319-77358-2 .
Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Aki 1966a, 24, 36쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966a), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 1. A statistical analysis” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 23–72 .
Aki 1966a, 24쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966a), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 1. A statistical analysis” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 23–72 .
Aki 1966b, 84쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .

isc.ac.uk

ISC-EHB Event 879136 [IRIS]. ISC-EHB Event 869809 [IRIS]. 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Abe 1982, 322쪽. Abe, Katsuyuki (1982), “Magnitude, seismic moment and apparent stress for major deep earthquakes”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 30 (4): 321–330, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.30.321, ISSN 1884-2305 .

kma.go.kr

“1978-2000 지진관측보고” (PDF) (보도 자료). 대한민국 기상청. 2001년 3월. 8쪽. 2018년 9월 7일에 확인함.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Stauder 1962, 42쪽; Aki & Richards 2002, 48쪽. Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 . Aki, Keiiti; Richards, Paul G. (2002), 《Quantitative Seismology》 2판, ISBN 0-935702-96-2 .

msn.com

cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com

Boyle 2008. Boyle, Alan (2008년 5월 12일), 《Quakes by the numbers》, MSNBC, 2008년 5월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2008년 5월 12일에 확인함, That original scale has been tweaked through the decades, and nowadays calling it the "Richter scale" is an anachronism. The most common measure is known simply as the moment magnitude scale. .

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. 당시 대부분 지진학자들이 단일결합설을 지지한 현대적, 학계적 설명에 대해서는 Byerly 1960를 참조. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Byerly, Perry (1960년 5월 20일), “Earthquake Mechanisms”, 《Science》 131 (3412): 1493–1496, Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1493B, doi:10.1126/science.131.3412.1493, PMID 17802489 .
Miyake 2017, 116, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 114, 117쪽; Maruyama 1963, 483쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 467쪽; Steketee 1958a, 1958b. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Steketee, J.A. (1958a), “On Volterra's dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (2): 192–205, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36..192S, doi:10.1139/p58-024 . Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .

openseismo.org

Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Pujol 2003b, 164쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Aki 1966b, 84쪽; Pujol 2003b, 167쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Deichmann 2006, 1268쪽. Deichmann, Nicholas (August 2006), “Local Magnitude, a Moment Revisited”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (4a): 1267–1277, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96.1267D, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.993.2211, doi:10.1785/0120050115 .

purdue.edu

engineering.purdue.edu

Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽; Maruyama 1963, 484쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .

researchgate.net

Aki 1966b, 73쪽; Kassaras & Kapetanidis 2018, 410쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Kassaras, Ioannis G.; Kapetanidis, Vasilis (2018), 〈Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial〉, D'Amico, Sebastiano, 《Moment Tensor Solutions: A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics》, 405–452쪽, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_19, ISBN 978-3-319-77358-2 .

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .

telegrafenberg.de

bib.telegrafenberg.de

Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 18쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 12쪽, equation 3.1. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 39–40쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 7쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽 Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.2, p. 135. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.3, pp. 137–128. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

usgs.gov

earthquake.usgs.gov

USGS Earthquake Magnitude Working Group이 만든 지진 규모 발표 기준 정책인 "USGS 지진 규모 정책"은 2002년 1월 18일 제정되었으며 다음 페이지에서 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 이 페이지는 웹 디자인 개정으로 사라졌으며 보존본은 Internet Archive의 다음 링크에서 볼 수 있다.
“FAQs – Measuring Earthquakes: How much energy is released in an earthquake?”. United States Geological Survey. 2010년 10월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 6월 12일에 확인함.
“Technical Terms used on Event Pages”. USGS. 2012년 5월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 6월 12일에 확인함.

usgs.gov

“Magnitude Types”. 미국 지질조사국. 2022년 9월 28일에 확인함.

washington.edu

isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu

ISC-EHB Event 879136 [IRIS]. ISC-EHB Event 869809 [IRIS]. 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom

wdr.de

Quarks & Co. “Erdbeben – wenn die Erde zurückschlägt” (PDF). 2022년 3월 17일에 확인함.

web.archive.org

Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 18쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
USGS Earthquake Magnitude Working Group이 만든 지진 규모 발표 기준 정책인 "USGS 지진 규모 정책"은 2002년 1월 18일 제정되었으며 다음 페이지에서 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 이 페이지는 웹 디자인 개정으로 사라졌으며 보존본은 Internet Archive의 다음 링크에서 볼 수 있다.
Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Richter 1935. Richter, Charles F. (January 1935), “An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 25 (1): 1–32, Bibcode:1935BuSSA..25....1R, doi:10.1785/BSSA0250010001, 2018년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽; Maruyama 1963, 484쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 12쪽, equation 3.1. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 39–40쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 7쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979 Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Boyle 2008. Boyle, Alan (2008년 5월 12일), 《Quakes by the numbers》, MSNBC, 2008년 5월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2008년 5월 12일에 확인함, That original scale has been tweaked through the decades, and nowadays calling it the "Richter scale" is an anachronism. The most common measure is known simply as the moment magnitude scale. .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽 Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Choy & Boatwright 1995 Choy, George L.; Boatwright, John L. (1995년 9월 10일), “Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 100 (B9): 18205–28, Bibcode:1995JGR...10018205C, doi:10.1029/95JB01969, 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2010년 3월 21일에 확인함 .
“FAQs – Measuring Earthquakes: How much energy is released in an earthquake?”. United States Geological Survey. 2010년 10월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 6월 12일에 확인함.
“Technical Terms used on Event Pages”. USGS. 2012년 5월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 6월 12일에 확인함.
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.2, p. 135. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.3, pp. 137–128. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

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Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 18쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Suzuki 2001, 121쪽. 또한 와다치의 지진 규모 관련 그래프는 Richter 1958의 Figure 2-22도 참조. (Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 60쪽의 복사본) Suzuki, Yasumoto (June 2001), “Kiyoo Wadati and the path to the discovery of the intermediate-deep earthquake zone”, 《Episodes》 24 (2): 118–123, doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/006, 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Richter, Charles F. (1958), 《Elementary Seismology》, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0716702115, LCCN 58-5970 . Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Gutenberg & Richter 1956a. Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (April 1956a), “Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration (Second Paper)” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 46 (2): 105–145, doi:10.1785/BSSA0460020105 .
Richter 1935. Richter, Charles F. (January 1935), “An Instrumental Earthquake Magnitude Scale” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 25 (1): 1–32, Bibcode:1935BuSSA..25....1R, doi:10.1785/BSSA0250010001, 2018년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
총평에 대해서는 Bormann & Saul 2009 참조. Bormann, Peter; Saul, Joachim (2009), 〈Earthquake Magnitude〉 (PDF), 《Encyclopedia of Complexity and Applied Systems Science》 3, 2473–2496쪽 .
Gutenberg 1945a. Gutenberg, Beno (January 1945a), “Amplitudes of surface Waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (1): 3–12, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35....3G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350010003 .
Gutenberg 1945b, Gutenberg & Richter 1956b. Gutenberg, Beno (April 1945b), “Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 35 (2): 57–69, Bibcode:1945BuSSA..35...57G, doi:10.1785/BSSA0350020057 . Gutenberg, Beno; Richter, Charles F. (1956b), “Magnitude and energy of earthquakes”, 《Annali di Geofisica》 9 (1): 1–15 .
Kanamori 1977, 2981쪽. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Miyake 2017, 112–113쪽; Stauder 1962, 39쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽; Maruyama 1963, 484쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Ben-Menahem 1995, 1210쪽. Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 115쪽. 당시 대부분 지진학자들이 단일결합설을 지지한 현대적, 학계적 설명에 대해서는 Byerly 1960를 참조. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Byerly, Perry (1960년 5월 20일), “Earthquake Mechanisms”, 《Science》 131 (3412): 1493–1496, Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1493B, doi:10.1126/science.131.3412.1493, PMID 17802489 .
Miyake 2017, 116, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Pujol 2003b, 164쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Pujol 2003b, 165쪽; Miyake 2017, 117–118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Aki 1966b, 84쪽; Pujol 2003b, 167쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 .
Julian, Miller & Foulger 1998, §2.2.1. Julian, Bruce R.; Miller, Angus D.; Foulger, G. R. (November 1998), “Non-Double-Couple Earthquakes 1. Theory”, 《Reviews of Geophysics》 36 (4): 525–549, Bibcode:1998RvGeo..36..525J, doi:10.1029/98rg00716 .
Miyake 2017, 114, 117쪽; Maruyama 1963, 483쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 112쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Miyake 2017, 117쪽. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Steketee 1958b, 1168–1169쪽. Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
Stauder 1962, 42쪽; Aki & Richards 2002, 48쪽. Stauder, William (1962), 〈The Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes〉, Landsberg, H. E.; Van Mieghem, J., 《Advances in Geophysics》 9, 1–76쪽, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60527-0, ISBN 9780120188093, LCCN 52-1226 . Aki, Keiiti; Richards, Paul G. (2002), 《Quantitative Seismology》 2판, ISBN 0-935702-96-2 .
Honda 1962, 32, 65쪽와 서지 참조; Ben-Menahem 1995, 1212쪽; Udías 1991, 90쪽; Maruyama 1963, 467쪽. Honda, Hirokichi (1962), “Earthquake Mechanism and Seismic Waves”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 10 (2): 1–98, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.10.2_1 . Ben-Menahem, Ari (August 1995), “A Concise Hiistory of Mainstream Seismology: Origins, Legacy, and Perspectives” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (4): 1202–1225, 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2022년 9월 10일에 확인함 . Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 . Maruyama, Takuo (January 1963), “On the force equivalents of dynamical elastic dislocations with reference to the earthquake mechanism”, 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 41: 467–486 .
Miyake 2017, 467쪽; Steketee 1958a, 1958b. Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 . Steketee, J.A. (1958a), “On Volterra's dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (2): 192–205, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36..192S, doi:10.1139/p58-024 . Steketee, J.A. (1958b), “Some geophysical applications of the elasticity theory of dislocations”, 《Canadian Journal of Physics》 36 (9): 1168–1198, Bibcode:1958CaJPh..36.1168S, doi:10.1139/p58-123 .
총망에 대해서는 Udías 1991에서 일부 참조. Udías, Agustín (1991), “Source Mechanism of Earthquakes”, 《Advances in Geophysics》 33: 81–140, Bibcode:1991AdGeo..33...81U, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60441-0, ISBN 9780120188338 .
Pujol 2003b, 165, 167쪽; Miyake 2017, 118쪽. Pujol, Josè (March–April 2003b), “The Body Force Equivalent to an Earthquake: A Tutorial”, 《Seismological Research Letters》 74 (2): 163–168, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.915.6064, doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.2.163 . Miyake, Teru (October–December 2017), “Magnitude, moment, and measurement: The seismic mechanism controversy and its resolution”, 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science》, 65–66: 112–120, Bibcode:2017SHPSA..65..112M, doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.02.002, hdl:10220/44522, PMID 29195644 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Aki 1966b, 73쪽; Kassaras & Kapetanidis 2018, 410쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 . Kassaras, Ioannis G.; Kapetanidis, Vasilis (2018), 〈Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial〉, D'Amico, Sebastiano, 《Moment Tensor Solutions: A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics》, 405–452쪽, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_19, ISBN 978-3-319-77358-2 .
Beroza & Kanamori 2015, 5쪽. Beroza, G. C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (2015), 〈4.01 Earthquake Seismologoy: An Introduction and Overview〉, Schubert, Gerald, 《Treatise on Geophysics》, 4: Earthquake Seismology 2판, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00069-5, ISBN 9780444538024 .
Dziewonski, Chou & Woodhouse 1981, 2826쪽; Aki 1966b. Dziewonski; Chou; Woodhouse (1981년 4월 10일), “Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 86 (B4): 2825–2852, Bibcode:1981JGR....86.2825D, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 2019년 5월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 5월 7일에 확인함 . Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Aki 1966a, 24, 36쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966a), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 1. A statistical analysis” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 23–72 .
Aki 1966a, 24쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966a), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 1. A statistical analysis” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 23–72 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 12쪽, equation 3.1. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Aki 1966b, 84쪽. Aki, Keiiti (1966b), “Generation and propagation of G waves from the Niigata earthquake of June 14, 1964. Part 2. Estimation of earthquake moment, released energy and stress-strain drop from G wave spectrum” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute》 44: 73–88 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 14쪽; Bormann & Di Giacomo 2011, 412쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 . Bormann; Di Giacomo (2011), “The moment magnitude M_w and the energy magnitude M_e: common roots and differences”, 《Journal of Seismology》 15 (2): 411–427, Bibcode:2011JSeis..15..411B, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9219-2, S2CID 130294359 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 39–40쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 7쪽. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Abe 1982, 322쪽. Abe, Katsuyuki (1982), “Magnitude, seismic moment and apparent stress for major deep earthquakes”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 30 (4): 321–330, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.30.321, ISSN 1884-2305 .
Deichmann 2006, 1268쪽. Deichmann, Nicholas (August 2006), “Local Magnitude, a Moment Revisited”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (4a): 1267–1277, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96.1267D, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.993.2211, doi:10.1785/0120050115 .
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Kanamori 1977. Kanamori, Hiroo (1977년 7월 10일), “The energy release in great earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 82 (20): 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/jb082i020p02981 .
Thatcher & Hanks 1973 Thatcher, Wayne; Hanks, Thomas C. (1973년 12월 10일), “Source parameters of southern California earthquakes”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 78 (35): 8547–8576, Bibcode:1973JGR....78.8547T, doi:10.1029/JB078i035p08547 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979 Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Boyle 2008. Boyle, Alan (2008년 5월 12일), 《Quakes by the numbers》, MSNBC, 2008년 5월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2008년 5월 12일에 확인함, That original scale has been tweaked through the decades, and nowadays calling it the "Richter scale" is an anachronism. The most common measure is known simply as the moment magnitude scale. .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, 86쪽 Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Hanks & Kanamori 1979. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (1979년 5월 10일), “A Moment magnitude scale” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 84 (B5): 2348–50, Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H, doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348, 2010년 8월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 .
Choy & Boatwright 1995 Choy, George L.; Boatwright, John L. (1995년 9월 10일), “Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 100 (B9): 18205–28, Bibcode:1995JGR...10018205C, doi:10.1029/95JB01969, 2011년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2010년 3월 21일에 확인함 .
Tsuboi 등. 1995. Tsuboi, S.; Abe, K.; Takano, K.; Yamanaka, Y. (April 1995), “Rapid Determination of M_w from Broadband P Waveforms”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 85 (2): 606–613 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.2, p. 135. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .
Bormann, Wendt & Di Giacomo 2013, §3.2.8.3, pp. 137–128. Bormann, Peter; Wendt, Siegfried; Di Giacomo, Dominico (2013), 〈Chapter 3: Seismic Sources and Source Parameters〉, Bormann, 《New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)》, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch3, 2019년 8월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2017년 8월 15일에 확인함 .

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Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 3 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Venkataraman & Kanamori 2004 equation 1 참조. Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일), “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF), 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302): B05302, Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V, doi:10.1029/2003JB002549 .
Venkataraman, Anupama; Kanamori, H. (2004년 5월 11일). “Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes” (PDF). 《Journal of Geophysical Research》 109 (B05302). Bibcode:2004JGRB..109.5302V. doi:10.1029/2003JB002549. 式3

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Abe 1982, 322쪽. Abe, Katsuyuki (1982), “Magnitude, seismic moment and apparent stress for major deep earthquakes”, 《Journal of Physics of the Earth》 30 (4): 321–330, doi:10.4294/jpe1952.30.321, ISSN 1884-2305 .