블랙홀 (Korean Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "블랙홀" in Korean language version.

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Bardeen, J. M.; Carter, B.; Hawking, S. W. (1973). “The four laws of black hole mechanics”. 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》 31 (2): 161–170. Bibcode:1973CMaPh..31..161B. doi:10.1007/BF01645742. MR MR0334798. Zbl 1125.83309.

aps.org (Global: 1,503^rd place; Korean: 540^th place)

journals.aps.org

Abbott, B.P. 외 (2016). “Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger”. 《Phys. Rev. Lett.》 116: 061102. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102.

link.aps.org

Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abernathy, M. R.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P. (2016년 2월 11일). “Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger” (영어). 《Physical Review Letters》 116 (6). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. ISSN 0031-9007.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Korean: 18^th place)

Schwarzschild, K. (1916). “Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie”. 《Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften》 7: 189–196. and Schwarzschild, K. (1916). “Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Kugel aus inkompressibler Flüssigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie”. 《Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften》 18: 424–434.
Oppenheimer, J. R.; Volkoff, G. M. (1939). “On Massive Neutron Cores”. 《Physical Review》 55 (4): 374–381. Bibcode:1939PhRv...55..374O. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.55.374.
Finkelstein, D. (1958). “Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Particle”. 《Physical Review》 110 (4): 965–967. Bibcode:1958PhRv..110..965F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.110.965.
Kruskal, M. (1960). “Maximal Extension of Schwarzschild Metric”. 《Physical Review》 119 (5): 1743. Bibcode:1960PhRv..119.1743K. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.119.1743.
Penrose, R. (1965). “Gravitational Collapse and Space-Time Singularities”. 《Physical Review Letters》 14 (3): 57. Bibcode:1965PhRvL..14...57P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57.
Bardeen, J. M.; Carter, B.; Hawking, S. W. (1973). “The four laws of black hole mechanics”. 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》 31 (2): 161–170. Bibcode:1973CMaPh..31..161B. doi:10.1007/BF01645742. MR MR0334798. Zbl 1125.83309.
Hawking, S. W. (1974). “Black hole explosions?”. 《Nature》 248 (5443): 30–31. Bibcode:1974Natur.248...30H. doi:10.1038/248030a0.
McClintock, J. E.; Shafee, R.; Narayan, R.; Remillard, R. A.; Davis, S. W.; Li, L.-X. (2006). “The Spin of the Near-Extreme Kerr Black Hole GRS 1915+105”. 《Astrophysical Journal》 652 (1): 518–539. arXiv:astro-ph/0606076. Bibcode:2006ApJ...652..518M. doi:10.1086/508457.
Wheeler 2007, 179쪽 Wheeler, J. Craig (2007). 《Cosmic Catastrophes》 2판. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85714-7.
Wheeler 2007, 182쪽 Wheeler, J. Craig (2007). 《Cosmic Catastrophes》 2판. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85714-7.
Einstein, A. (1939). “On A Stationary System With Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses”. 《Annals of Mathematics》 40 (4): 922–936. doi:10.2307/1968902. JSTOR 1968902.
Rees, M. J.; Volonteri, M. (2007). 〈Massive black holes: formation and evolution〉. Karas, V.; Matt, G. (편집). 《Black Holes from Stars to Galaxies—Across the Range of Masses》. Cambridge University Press. 51–58쪽. arXiv:astro-ph/0701512. ISBN 978-0-521-86347-6.
Zwart, S. F. P.; Baumgardt, H.; Hut, P. 외 (2004). “Formation of massive black holes through runaway collisions in dense young star clusters”. 《Nature》 428 (6984): 724–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0402622. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..724P. doi:10.1038/nature02448. PMID 15085124.
O'Leary, R. M.; Rasio, F. A.; Fregeau, J. M. 외 (2006). “Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 637 (2): 937. arXiv:astro-ph/0508224. Bibcode:2006ApJ...637..937O. doi:10.1086/498446.
Peskin, M. E. (2008). “The end of the world at the Large Hadron Collider?”. 《Physics》 1: 14. Bibcode:2008PhyOJ...1...14P. doi:10.1103/Physics.1.14.
Fichtel, C. E.; Bertsch, D. L.; Dingus, B. L. 외 (1994). “Search of the energetic gamma-ray experiment telescope (EGRET) data for high-energy gamma-ray microsecond bursts”. 《Astrophysical Journal》 434 (2): 557–559. Bibcode:1994ApJ...434..557F. doi:10.1086/174758.
Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Trippe, S. 외 (2009). “Monitoring Stellar Orbits around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 692 (2): 1075. arXiv:0810.4674. Bibcode:2009ApJ...692.1075G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1075.
Ghez, A. M.; Klein, B. L.; Morris, M. 외 (1998). “High Proper‐Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 509 (2): 678. arXiv:astro-ph/9807210. Bibcode:1998ApJ...509..678G. doi:10.1086/306528.
McClintock, J. E.; Remillard, R. A. (2006). 〈Black Hole Binaries〉. Lewin, W.; van der Klis, M. (편집). 《Compact Stellar X-ray Sources》. Cambridge University Press. arXiv:astro-ph/0306213. ISBN 0-521-82659-4. section 4.1.5.
Winter, L. M.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Reynolds, C. S. (2006). “XMM‐Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X‐Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 649 (2): 730. arXiv:astro-ph/0512480. Bibcode:2006ApJ...649..730W. doi:10.1086/506579.
Bolton, C. T. (1972). “Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868”. 《Nature》 235 (5336): 271–273. Bibcode:1972Natur.235..271B. doi:10.1038/235271b0.
Webster, B. L.; Murdin, P. (1972). “Cygnus X-1—a Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion ?”. 《Nature》 235 (5332): 37–38. Bibcode:1972Natur.235...37W. doi:10.1038/235037a0.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; Korean: 54^th place)

Oldham, L. J.; Auger, M. W. (March 2016). “Galaxy structure from multiple tracers - II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 457 (1): 421–439. arXiv:1601.01323. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.457..421O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2982. ISSN 0035-8711.
Wald, R. M. (1997). “Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship”. arXiv:gr-qc/9710068 |class= 무시됨 (도움말).
Berger, B. K. (2002). “Numerical Approaches to Spacetime Singularities”. 《Living Reviews in Relativity》 5: 1. arXiv:gr-qc/0201056. Bibcode:2002LRR.....5....1B. doi:10.12942/lrr-2002-1. 2007년 8월 4일에 확인함.
McClintock, J. E.; Shafee, R.; Narayan, R.; Remillard, R. A.; Davis, S. W.; Li, L.-X. (2006). “The Spin of the Near-Extreme Kerr Black Hole GRS 1915+105”. 《Astrophysical Journal》 652 (1): 518–539. arXiv:astro-ph/0606076. Bibcode:2006ApJ...652..518M. doi:10.1086/508457.
Emparan, R.; Reall, H. S. (2008). “Black Holes in Higher Dimensions”. 《Living Reviews in Relativity》 11 (6). arXiv:0801.3471. Bibcode:2008LRR....11....6E. doi:10.12942/lrr-2008-6. 2011년 3월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 2월 10일에 확인함.
Obers, N. A. (2009). Papantonopoulos, Eleftherios (편집). “Black Holes in Higher-Dimensional Gravity”. 《Lecture Notes in Physics》. Lecture Notes in Physics 769: 211–258. arXiv:0802.0519. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88460-6. ISBN 978-3-540-88459-0.
Lewis, G. F.; Kwan, J. (2007). “No Way Back: Maximizing Survival Time Below the Schwarzschild Event Horizon”. 《Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia》 24 (2): 46–52. arXiv:0705.1029. Bibcode:2007PASA...24...46L. doi:10.1071/AS07012.
Nitta, Daisuke; Chiba, Takeshi; Sugiyama, Naoshi (September 2011). “Shadows of colliding black holes”. 《Physical Review D》 84 (6). arXiv:1106.2425. Bibcode:2011PhRvD..84f3008N. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.84.063008.
Nemiroff, R. J. (1993). “Visual distortions near a neutron star and black hole”. 《American Journal of Physics》 61 (7): 619. arXiv:astro-ph/9312003. Bibcode:1993AmJPh..61..619N. doi:10.1119/1.17224.
Kerr, R. P. (2009). 〈The Kerr and Kerr-Schild metrics〉. Wiltshire, D. L.; Visser, M.; Scott, S. M. (편집). 《The Kerr Spacetime》. Cambridge University Press. arXiv:0706.1109. ISBN 978-0-521-88512-6.
Rees, M. J.; Volonteri, M. (2007). 〈Massive black holes: formation and evolution〉. Karas, V.; Matt, G. (편집). 《Black Holes from Stars to Galaxies—Across the Range of Masses》. Cambridge University Press. 51–58쪽. arXiv:astro-ph/0701512. ISBN 978-0-521-86347-6.
Carr, B. J. (2005). 〈Primordial Black Holes: Do They Exist and Are They Useful?〉. Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, J.; Suto, Y.; Sato, K. (편집). 《Inflating Horizon of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology》. Universal Academy Press. arXiv:astro-ph/0511743. ISBN 4-946443-94-0.
Giddings, S. B.; Thomas, S. (2002). “High energy colliders as black hole factories: The end of short distance physics”. 《Physical Review D》 65 (5): 056010. arXiv:hep-ph/0106219. Bibcode:2002PhRvD..65e6010G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.65.056010.
Harada, T. (2006). “Is there a black hole minimum mass?”. 《Physical Review D》 74 (8): 084004. arXiv:gr-qc/0609055. Bibcode:2006PhRvD..74h4004H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.74.084004.
Arkani–Hamed, N.; Dimopoulos, S.; Dvali, G. (1998). “The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter”. 《Physics Letters B》 429 (3–4): 263. arXiv:hep-ph/9803315. Bibcode:1998PhLB..429..263A. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00466-3.
Vesperini, E.; McMillan, S. L. W.; d'Ercole, A. 외 (2010). “Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Early Globular Clusters”. 《The Astrophysical Journal Letters》 713 (1): L41–L44. arXiv:1003.3470. Bibcode:2010ApJ...713L..41V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/713/1/L41.
Zwart, S. F. P.; Baumgardt, H.; Hut, P. 외 (2004). “Formation of massive black holes through runaway collisions in dense young star clusters”. 《Nature》 428 (6984): 724–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0402622. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..724P. doi:10.1038/nature02448. PMID 15085124.
O'Leary, R. M.; Rasio, F. A.; Fregeau, J. M. 외 (2006). “Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 637 (2): 937. arXiv:astro-ph/0508224. Bibcode:2006ApJ...637..937O. doi:10.1086/498446.
Page, D. N. (2005). “Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics”. 《New Journal of Physics》 7: 203. arXiv:hep-th/0409024. Bibcode:2005NJPh....7..203P. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/203.
Giddings, S. B.; Mangano, M. L. (2008). “Astrophysical implications of hypothetical stable TeV-scale black holes”. 《Physical Review D》 78 (3): 035009. arXiv:0806.3381. Bibcode:2008PhRvD..78c5009G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.78.035009.
Johnson, M. D.; Fish, V. L.; Doeleman, S. S.; Marrone, D. P.; Plambeck, R. L.; Wardle, J. F. C.; Akiyama, K.; Asada, K.; Beaudoin, C. (2015년 12월 4일). “Resolved magnetic-field structure and variability near the event horizon of Sagittarius A*” (영어). 《Science》 350 (6265): 1242–1245. arXiv:1512.01220. Bibcode:2015Sci...350.1242J. doi:10.1126/science.aac7087. ISSN 0036-8075.
Abbott, Benjamin P. 외 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) (2016년 2월 11일). “Properties of the binary black hole merger GW150914”. arXiv:1602.03840.
Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Trippe, S. 외 (2009). “Monitoring Stellar Orbits around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 692 (2): 1075. arXiv:0810.4674. Bibcode:2009ApJ...692.1075G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1075.
Ghez, A. M.; Klein, B. L.; Morris, M. 외 (1998). “High Proper‐Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 509 (2): 678. arXiv:astro-ph/9807210. Bibcode:1998ApJ...509..678G. doi:10.1086/306528.
Broderick, Avery; Loeb, Abraham; Narayan, Ramesh (August 2009). “The Event Horizon of Sagittarius A*”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 701: 1357. arXiv:0903.1105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...701.1357B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1357.
McClintock, J. E.; Remillard, R. A. (2006). 〈Black Hole Binaries〉. Lewin, W.; van der Klis, M. (편집). 《Compact Stellar X-ray Sources》. Cambridge University Press. arXiv:astro-ph/0306213. ISBN 0-521-82659-4. section 4.1.5.
Celotti, A.; Miller, J. C.; Sciama, D. W. (1999). “Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes”. 《Classical and Quantum Gravity》 16 (12A): A3–A21. arXiv:astro-ph/9912186. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/16/12A/301.
Winter, L. M.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Reynolds, C. S. (2006). “XMM‐Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X‐Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 649 (2): 730. arXiv:astro-ph/0512480. Bibcode:2006ApJ...649..730W. doi:10.1086/506579.
Narayan, R.; McClintock, J. (2008). “Advection-dominated accretion and the black hole event horizon”. 《New Astronomy Reviews》 51 (10–12): 733. arXiv:0803.0322. Bibcode:2008NewAR..51..733N. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.002.
King, A. (2003). “Black Holes, Galaxy Formation, and the MBH-σ Relation”. 《The Astrophysical Journal Letters》 596 (1): 27–29. arXiv:astro-ph/0308342. Bibcode:2003ApJ...596L..27K. doi:10.1086/379143.
Ferrarese, L.; Merritt, D. (2000). “A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies”. 《The Astrophysical Journal Letters》 539 (1): 9–12. arXiv:astro-ph/0006053. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539L...9F. doi:10.1086/312838.
Bozza, V. (2010). “Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes”. 《General Relativity and Gravitation》 42 (42): 2269–2300. arXiv:0911.2187. Bibcode:2010GReGr..42.2269B. doi:10.1007/s10714-010-0988-2.
Kovacs, Z.; Cheng, K. S.; Harko, T. (2009). “Can stellar mass black holes be quark stars?”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 400 (3): 1632–1642. arXiv:0908.2672. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1632K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15571.x.
Kusenko, A. (2006). “Properties and signatures of supersymmetric Q-balls”. arXiv:hep-ph/0612159.
Hansson, J.; Sandin, F. (2005). “Preon stars: a new class of cosmic compact objects”. 《Physics Letters B》 616 (1–2): 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0410417. Bibcode:2005PhLB..616....1H. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.04.034.
Kiefer, C. (2006). “Quantum gravity: general introduction and recent developments”. 《Annalen der Physik》 15 (1–2): 129. arXiv:gr-qc/0508120. Bibcode:2006AnP...518..129K. doi:10.1002/andp.200510175.
Skenderis, K.; Taylor, M. (2008). “The fuzzball proposal for black holes”. 《Physics Reports》 467 (4–5): 117. arXiv:0804.0552. Bibcode:2008PhR...467..117S. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.08.001.
Wald, R. M. (2001). “The Thermodynamics of Black Holes”. 《Living Reviews in Relativity》 4 (6): 12119. arXiv:gr-qc/9912119. Bibcode:1999gr.qc....12119W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2001-6. 2011년 2월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 2월 10일에 확인함.
't Hooft, G. (2001). 〈The Holographic Principle〉. Zichichi, A. (편집). 《Basics and highlights in fundamental physics》. Subnuclear series 37. World Scientific. arXiv:hep-th/0003004. ISBN 978-981-02-4536-8.
Strominger, A.; Vafa, C. (1996). “Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy”. 《Physics Letters B》 379 (1–4): 99. arXiv:hep-th/9601029. Bibcode:1996PhLB..379...99S. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00345-0.
Carlip, S. (2009). “Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics”. 《Lecture Notes in Physics》. Lecture Notes in Physics 769: 89. arXiv:0807.4520. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88460-6_3. ISBN 978-3-540-88459-0.
Giddings, S. B. (1995). 〈The black hole information paradox〉. 《Particles, Strings and Cosmology》. Johns Hopkins Workshop on Current Problems in Particle Theory 19 and the PASCOS Interdisciplinary Symposium 5. arXiv:hep-th/9508151.
Mathur, S. D. (2011). 《The information paradox: conflicts and resolutions》. XXV International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies. arXiv:1201.2079.

asu.edu (Global: 2,187^th place; Korean: 2,278^th place)

cosmos.asu.edu

Davies, P. C. W. (1978). “Thermodynamics of Black Holes” (PDF). 《Reports on Progress in Physics》 41 (8): 1313–1355. Bibcode:1978RPPh...41.1313D. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/41/8/004. 2013년 5월 10일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 2월 10일에 확인함.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Korean: 34^th place)

Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Korean: 9^th place)

Wald 1984, 299–300쪽 Wald, Robert M. (1984). 《General Relativity》. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
Schutz, Bernard F. (2003). 《Gravity from the ground up》. Cambridge University Press. 110쪽. ISBN 0-521-45506-5.
Gillispie, C. C. (2000). 《Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749–1827: a life in exact science》. Princeton paperbacks. Princeton University Press. 175쪽. ISBN 0-691-05027-9.
Israel, W. (1989). 〈Dark stars: the evolution of an idea〉. Hawking, S. W.; Israel, W. (편집). 《300 Years of Gravitation》. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37976-2.
Kox, A. J. (1992). 〈General Relativity in the Netherlands: 1915–1920〉. Eisenstaedt, J.; Kox, A. J. (편집). 《Studies in the history of general relativity》. Birkhäuser. 41쪽. ISBN 978-0-8176-3479-7. 2016년 8월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 2월 24일에 확인함.
Eddington, Arthur (1926). 《The Internal Constitution of the Stars》. Cambridge University Press. 6쪽.
Kip Thorne comments on this quote on pages 134-135 of his book Black Holes and Time Warps, writing that "The first conclusion was the Newtonian version of light not escaping; the second was a semi-accurate, relativistic description; and the third was typical Eddingtonian hyperbole ... when a star is as small as the critical circumference, the curvature is strong but not infinite, and space is definitely not wrapped around the star. Eddington may have known this, but his description made a good story, and it captured in a whimsical way the spirit of Schwarzschild's spacetime curvature."
Venkataraman, G. (1992). 《Chandrasekhar and his limit》. Universities Press. 89쪽. ISBN 81-7371-035-X.
Harpaz, A. (1994). 《Stellar evolution》. A K Peters. 105쪽. ISBN 1-56881-012-1.
Hawking & Ellis 1973, Appendix B Hawking, S. W.; Ellis, G. F. R. (1973). 《Large Scale Structure of space time》. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-09906-4.
Seeds, Michael A.; Backman, Dana E. (2007). 《Perspectives on Astronomy》. Cengage Learning. 167쪽. ISBN 0-495-11352-2.
Wald 1984, 124–125쪽 Wald, Robert M. (1984). 《General Relativity》. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
Wald 1984, 212쪽 Wald, Robert M. (1984). 《General Relativity》. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
Krolik, J. H. (1999). 《Active Galactic Nuclei》. Princeton University Press. Ch. 1.2. ISBN 0-691-01151-6.
Sparke, L. S.; Gallagher, J. S. (2000). 《Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction》. Cambridge University Press. Ch. 9.1. ISBN 0-521-59740-4.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; Korean: 606^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Ruffini, R.; Wheeler, J. A. (1971). “Introducing the black hole” (PDF). 《Physics Today》 24 (1): 30–41. Bibcode:1971PhT....24a..30R. doi:10.1063/1.3022513.

theory.caltech.edu

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donga.com (Global: 812^th place; Korean: 12^th place)

dongascience.donga.com

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eso.org (Global: 3,034^th place; Korean: 1,210^th place)

“Ripped Apart by a Black Hole”. 《ESO Press Release》. 2013년 7월 19일에 확인함.
“A Black Hole's Dinner is Fast Approaching”. 《ESO Press Release》. 2012년 2월 6일에 확인함.

eurekalert.org (Global: 3,538^th place; Korean: 1,857^th place)

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free.fr (Global: 321^st place; Korean: 641^st place)

nrumiano.free.fr

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harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Korean: 27^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu

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Detweiler, S. (1981). “Resource letter BH-1: Black holes”. 《American Journal of Physics》 49 (5): 394–400. Bibcode:1981AmJPh..49..394D. doi:10.1119/1.12686.
Oppenheimer, J. R.; Volkoff, G. M. (1939). “On Massive Neutron Cores”. 《Physical Review》 55 (4): 374–381. Bibcode:1939PhRv...55..374O. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.55.374.
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Hewish, A. 외 (1968). “Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source”. 《Nature》 217 (5130): 709–713. Bibcode:1968Natur.217..709H. doi:10.1038/217709a0.
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Israel, W. (1967). “Event Horizons in Static Vacuum Space-Times”. 《Physical Review》 164 (5): 1776. Bibcode:1967PhRv..164.1776I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.164.1776.
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Carroll 2004, 264–265쪽 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
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Carroll 2004, 257–259 and 265–266쪽 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
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Carroll 2004, 266쪽 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
Carroll 2004, Ch. 6.6 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
Carroll 2004, Ch. 6.7 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
Carroll 2004, Section 5.8 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
Penrose, R. (2002). “Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity” (PDF). 《General Relativity and Gravitation》 34 (7): 1141. Bibcode:2002GReGr..34.1141P. doi:10.1023/A:1016578408204. 2013년 5월 26일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 6월 23일에 확인함.
Cavaglià, M. (2010). “Particle accelerators as black hole factories?”. 《Einstein-Online》 (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)) 4: 1010. 2013년 5월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 2월 29일에 확인함.
Carroll 2004, Ch. 9.6 Carroll, Sean M. (2004). 《Spacetime and Geometry》. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. , the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website.
Naeye, R. “Testing Fundamental Physics”. NASA. 2008년 8월 31일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 9월 16일에 확인함.
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Rolston, B. (1997년 11월 10일). “The First Black Hole”. 《The bulletin》. University of Toronto. 2008년 5월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 3월 11일에 확인함.
“NASA scientists identify smallest known black hole”. Goddard Space Flight Center. 2008년 4월 1일. 2008년 12월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2009년 3월 14일에 확인함.
Wald, R. M. (2001). “The Thermodynamics of Black Holes”. 《Living Reviews in Relativity》 4 (6): 12119. arXiv:gr-qc/9912119. Bibcode:1999gr.qc....12119W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2001-6. 2011년 2월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 2월 10일에 확인함.
Hawking, S. W. “Does God Play Dice?”. 《www.hawking.org.uk》. 2012년 1월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2009년 3월 14일에 확인함.

webcitation.org (Global: 24^th place; Korean: 58^th place)

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wolframscience.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Korean: 11^th place)

Oldham, L. J.; Auger, M. W. (March 2016). “Galaxy structure from multiple tracers - II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales”. 《Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》 457 (1): 421–439. arXiv:1601.01323. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.457..421O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2982. ISSN 0035-8711.
correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science (2019년 4월 10일). “Black hole picture captured for first time in space ‘breakthrough’” (영국 영어). 《The Guardian》. ISSN 0261-3077. 2019년 4월 10일에 확인함.
Johnson, M. D.; Fish, V. L.; Doeleman, S. S.; Marrone, D. P.; Plambeck, R. L.; Wardle, J. F. C.; Akiyama, K.; Asada, K.; Beaudoin, C. (2015년 12월 4일). “Resolved magnetic-field structure and variability near the event horizon of Sagittarius A*” (영어). 《Science》 350 (6265): 1242–1245. arXiv:1512.01220. Bibcode:2015Sci...350.1242J. doi:10.1126/science.aac7087. ISSN 0036-8075.
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Quinion, M. (2008년 4월 26일). “Black Hole”. 《World Wide Words》. 2008년 6월 17일에 확인함.

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