Sagawa K, Lie RK, Schaefer J (March 1990). “Translation of Otto Frank's paper "Die Grundform des Arteriellen Pulses" Zeitschrift für Biologie 37: 483-526 (1899)”. 《Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology》 22 (3): 253–4. doi:10.1016/0022-2828(90)91459-K. PMID2192068.
Frank O (March 1990). “The basic shape of the arterial pulse. First treatise: mathematical analysis. 1899”. 《Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology》 22 (3): 255–77. doi:10.1016/0022-2828(90)91460-O. PMID21438422.
Westerhof N, Lankhaar JW, Westerhof BE (February 2009). “The arterial Windkessel”. 《Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing》 47 (2): 131–41. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2. PMID18543011.
Cappello A, Gnudi G, Lamberti C (March 1995). “Identification of the three-element windkessel model incorporating a pressure-dependent compliance”. 《Annals of Biomedical Engineering》 23 (2): 164–77. doi:10.1007/bf02368323. PMID7605053.
Sagawa K, Lie RK, Schaefer J (March 1990). “Translation of Otto Frank's paper "Die Grundform des Arteriellen Pulses" Zeitschrift für Biologie 37: 483-526 (1899)”. 《Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology》 22 (3): 253–4. doi:10.1016/0022-2828(90)91459-K. PMID2192068.
Frank O (March 1990). “The basic shape of the arterial pulse. First treatise: mathematical analysis. 1899”. 《Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology》 22 (3): 255–77. doi:10.1016/0022-2828(90)91460-O. PMID21438422.
Westerhof N, Lankhaar JW, Westerhof BE (February 2009). “The arterial Windkessel”. 《Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing》 47 (2): 131–41. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2. PMID18543011.
Cappello A, Gnudi G, Lamberti C (March 1995). “Identification of the three-element windkessel model incorporating a pressure-dependent compliance”. 《Annals of Biomedical Engineering》 23 (2): 164–77. doi:10.1007/bf02368323. PMID7605053.