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Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, Kostapanos MS, Elisaf MS (September 2012). “Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 308 (10): 1024–33. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11374. PMID22968891.
MacLean CH, Newberry SJ, Mojica WA, Khanna P, Issa AM, Suttorp MJ, 외. (January 2006). “Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review”. 《JAMA》 295 (4): 403–15. doi:10.1001/jama.295.4.403. hdl:10919/79706. PMID16434631.
Ratnayake WM, Galli C (2009). “Fat and fatty acid terminology, methods of analysis and fat digestion and metabolism: a background review paper”. 《Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism》 (영어) 55 (1–3): 8–43. doi:10.1159/000228994. PMID19752534.
Rizos EC, Elisaf MS (June 2017). “Does Supplementation with Omega-3 PUFAs Add to the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?”. 《Current Cardiology Reports》 19 (6): 47. doi:10.1007/s11886-017-0856-8. PMID28432658.
Sala-Vila A, Calder PC (October–November 2011). “Update on the relationship of fish intake with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers”. 《Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition》 51 (9): 855–71. doi:10.1080/10408398.2010.483527. PMID21888535.
Heinze VM, Actis AB (February 2012). “Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in mammary and prostate cancer protection: a review”. 《International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition》 63 (1): 66–78. doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.598849. PMID21762028.
Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, Seo HG (May 2012). “Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials”. 《Archives of Internal Medicine》 172 (9): 686–94. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262. PMID22493407.
Billman GE (October 2013). “The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac rhythm: a critical reassessment”. 《Pharmacology & Therapeutics》 140 (1): 53–80. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.011. PMID23735203.
Casula M, Soranna D, Catapano AL, Corrao G (August 2013). “Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo controlled trials [corrected]”. 《Atherosclerosis. Supplements》 14 (2): 243–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(13)70005-9. PMID23958480.
Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F (June 2012). “Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2: S201–13. doi:10.1017/S0007114512001596. PMID22591894.
Kotwal S, Jun M, Sullivan D, Perkovic V, Neal B (November 2012). “Omega 3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes》 5 (6): 808–18. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.966168. PMID23110790.
Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, Bittner V, Criqui MH, Ginsberg HN, 외. (May 2011). “Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association”. 《Circulation》 123 (20): 2292–333. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182160726. PMID21502576.
Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PW, Harris WS, Brinton EA, Kris-Etherton PM, Richter CK, 외. (September 2019). “Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association”. 《Circulation》 140 (12): e673–e691. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709. PMID31422671.
Robinson LE, Mazurak VC (April 2013). “N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: relationship to inflammation in healthy adults and adults exhibiting features of metabolic syndrome”. 《Lipids》 48 (4): 319–32. doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3774-6. PMID23456976.
Miles EA, Calder PC (June 2012). “Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2 (S2): S171–84. doi:10.1017/S0007114512001560. PMID22591891.
Levy SE, Hyman SL (2005). “Novel treatments for autistic spectrum disorders”. 《Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews》 11 (2): 131–42. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20062. PMID15977319.
Richardson AJ (April 2006). “Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders”. 《International Review of Psychiatry》 18 (2): 155–72. doi:10.1080/09540260600583031. PMID16777670.
Tan ML, Ho JJ, Teh KH (December 2012). “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders”. 《The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 12: CD009398. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009398.pub2. PMID23235675.
Ortega RM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, López-Sobaler AM (June 2012). “Effects of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation in behavior and non-neurodegenerative neuropsychiatric disorders”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2: S261–70. doi:10.1017/S000711451200164X. PMID22591900.
Secher NJ (2007). “Does fish oil prevent preterm birth?”. 《Journal of Perinatal Medicine》. 35 Suppl 1: S25–7. doi:10.1515/JPM.2007.033. PMID17302537.
Jensen CL (June 2006). “Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation”. 《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 83 (6 Suppl): 1452S–1457S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1452S. PMID16841854.
Makrides M, Best K, Yelland L, McPhee A, Zhou S, Quinlivan J, 외. (September 2019). “A Randomized Trial of Prenatal n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Preterm Delivery”. 《The New England Journal of Medicine》 381 (11): 1035–1045. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1816832. PMID31509674.
Montgomery P, Richardson AJ (April 2008). “Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder”. 《The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 (2): CD005169. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005169.pub2. PMID18425912.
Hegarty B, Parker G (January 2013). “Fish oil as a management component for mood disorders - an evolving signal”. 《Current Opinion in Psychiatry》 26 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835ab4a7. PMID23108232.
Ruxton CH, Calder PC, Reed SC, Simpson MJ (June 2005). “The impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health”. 《Nutrition Research Reviews》 18 (1): 113–29. doi:10.1079/nrr200497. PMID19079899.
Sanhueza C, Ryan L, Foxcroft DR (February 2013). “Diet and the risk of unipolar depression in adults: systematic review of cohort studies”. 《Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics》 26 (1): 56–70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01283.x. PMID23078460.
Cederholm T, Palmblad J (March 2010). “Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia?”. 《Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care》 13 (2): 150–5. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328335c40b. PMID20019606.
Mazereeuw G, Lanctôt KL, Chau SA, Swardfager W, Herrmann N (July 2012). “Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis”. 《Neurobiology of Aging》 33 (7): 1482.e17–29. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.014. PMID22305186.
Nguyen LN, Ma D, Shui G, Wong P, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Zhang X, 외. (May 2014). “Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid”. 《Nature》 509 (7501): 503–6. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..503N. doi:10.1038/nature13241. PMID24828044.
Brenna JT (March 2002). “Efficiency of conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n-3 fatty acids in man”. 《Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care》 5 (2): 127–32. doi:10.1097/00075197-200203000-00002. PMID11844977.
Burdge GC, Calder PC (September 2005). “Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults”. 《Reproduction, Nutrition, Development》 45 (5): 581–97. doi:10.1051/rnd:2005047. PMID16188209.
Lohner S, Fekete K, Marosvölgyi T, Decsi T (2013). “Gender differences in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status: systematic review of 51 publications”. 《Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism》 62 (2): 98–112. doi:10.1159/000345599. PMID23327902.
Griffin BA (February 2008). “How relevant is the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to cardiovascular disease risk? Evidence from the OPTILIP study”. 《Current Opinion in Lipidology》 19 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f2e2a8. PMID18196988.
Hofmeijer-Sevink MK, Batelaan NM, van Megen HJ, Penninx BW, Cath DC, van den Hout MA, van Balkom AJ (March 2012). “Clinical relevance of comorbidity in anxiety disorders: a report from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)”. 《Journal of Affective Disorders》 137 (1–3): 106–12. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.008. PMID22240085.
Willett WC (September 2007). “The role of dietary n-6 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease”. 《Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine》. 8 Suppl 1: S42–5. doi:10.2459/01.JCM.0000289275.72556.13. PMID17876199.
Duckett SK, Neel JP, Fontenot JP, Clapham WM (September 2009). “Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: III. Tissue proximate, fatty acid, vitamin, and cholesterol content”. 《Journal of Animal Science》 87 (9): 2961–70. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-1850. PMID19502506.
Simopoulos AP (October 2002). “The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids”. 《Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie》 56 (8): 365–79. doi:10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00253-6. PMID12442909.
Simopoulos AP (September 2003). 〈Importance of the Ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids: Evolutionary Aspects〉. 《Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence》. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 92. 1–22쪽. doi:10.1159/000073788. ISBN978-3-8055-7640-6. PMID14579680.
Holman RT (February 1998). “The slow discovery of the importance of omega 3 essential fatty acids in human health”. 《The Journal of Nutrition》 128 (2 Suppl): 427S–433S. doi:10.1093/jn/128.2.427S. PMID9478042.
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Nguyen LN, Ma D, Shui G, Wong P, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Zhang X, 외. (May 2014). “Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid”. 《Nature》 509 (7501): 503–6. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..503N. doi:10.1038/nature13241. PMID24828044.
Atkinson A, Siegel V, Pakhomov E, Rothery P (November 2004). “Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern Ocean”. 《Nature》 432 (7013): 100–3. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..100A. doi:10.1038/nature02996. PMID15525989.
Falk-Petersen A, Sargent JR, Henderson J, Hegseth EN, Hop H, Okolodkov YB (1998). “Lipids and fatty acids in ice algae and phytoplankton from the Marginal Ice Zone in the Barents Sea”. 《Polar Biology》 20 (1): 41–47. doi:10.1007/s003000050274. ISSN0722-4060. INIST:2356641.
Chaiyasit W, Elias RJ, McClements DJ, Decker EA (2007). “Role of physical structures in bulk oils on lipid oxidation”. 《Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition》 47 (3): 299–317. doi:10.1080/10408390600754248. PMID17453926.
Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, Kostapanos MS, Elisaf MS (September 2012). “Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《JAMA》 308 (10): 1024–33. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11374. PMID22968891.
MacLean CH, Newberry SJ, Mojica WA, Khanna P, Issa AM, Suttorp MJ, 외. (January 2006). “Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review”. 《JAMA》 295 (4): 403–15. doi:10.1001/jama.295.4.403. hdl:10919/79706. PMID16434631.
Ratnayake WM, Galli C (2009). “Fat and fatty acid terminology, methods of analysis and fat digestion and metabolism: a background review paper”. 《Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism》 (영어) 55 (1–3): 8–43. doi:10.1159/000228994. PMID19752534.
Rizos EC, Elisaf MS (June 2017). “Does Supplementation with Omega-3 PUFAs Add to the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?”. 《Current Cardiology Reports》 19 (6): 47. doi:10.1007/s11886-017-0856-8. PMID28432658.
Sala-Vila A, Calder PC (October–November 2011). “Update on the relationship of fish intake with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers”. 《Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition》 51 (9): 855–71. doi:10.1080/10408398.2010.483527. PMID21888535.
Heinze VM, Actis AB (February 2012). “Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in mammary and prostate cancer protection: a review”. 《International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition》 63 (1): 66–78. doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.598849. PMID21762028.
Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, Seo HG (May 2012). “Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials”. 《Archives of Internal Medicine》 172 (9): 686–94. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262. PMID22493407.
Billman GE (October 2013). “The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac rhythm: a critical reassessment”. 《Pharmacology & Therapeutics》 140 (1): 53–80. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.011. PMID23735203.
Casula M, Soranna D, Catapano AL, Corrao G (August 2013). “Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo controlled trials [corrected]”. 《Atherosclerosis. Supplements》 14 (2): 243–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(13)70005-9. PMID23958480.
Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F (June 2012). “Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2: S201–13. doi:10.1017/S0007114512001596. PMID22591894.
Kotwal S, Jun M, Sullivan D, Perkovic V, Neal B (November 2012). “Omega 3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis”. 《Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes》 5 (6): 808–18. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.966168. PMID23110790.
Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, Bittner V, Criqui MH, Ginsberg HN, 외. (May 2011). “Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association”. 《Circulation》 123 (20): 2292–333. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182160726. PMID21502576.
Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PW, Harris WS, Brinton EA, Kris-Etherton PM, Richter CK, 외. (September 2019). “Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association”. 《Circulation》 140 (12): e673–e691. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709. PMID31422671.
Robinson LE, Mazurak VC (April 2013). “N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: relationship to inflammation in healthy adults and adults exhibiting features of metabolic syndrome”. 《Lipids》 48 (4): 319–32. doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3774-6. PMID23456976.
Miles EA, Calder PC (June 2012). “Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2 (S2): S171–84. doi:10.1017/S0007114512001560. PMID22591891.
Levy SE, Hyman SL (2005). “Novel treatments for autistic spectrum disorders”. 《Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews》 11 (2): 131–42. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20062. PMID15977319.
Richardson AJ (April 2006). “Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders”. 《International Review of Psychiatry》 18 (2): 155–72. doi:10.1080/09540260600583031. PMID16777670.
Tan ML, Ho JJ, Teh KH (December 2012). “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders”. 《The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 12: CD009398. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009398.pub2. PMID23235675.
Ortega RM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, López-Sobaler AM (June 2012). “Effects of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation in behavior and non-neurodegenerative neuropsychiatric disorders”. 《The British Journal of Nutrition》. 107 Suppl 2: S261–70. doi:10.1017/S000711451200164X. PMID22591900.
Secher NJ (2007). “Does fish oil prevent preterm birth?”. 《Journal of Perinatal Medicine》. 35 Suppl 1: S25–7. doi:10.1515/JPM.2007.033. PMID17302537.
Jensen CL (June 2006). “Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation”. 《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 83 (6 Suppl): 1452S–1457S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1452S. PMID16841854.
Makrides M, Best K, Yelland L, McPhee A, Zhou S, Quinlivan J, 외. (September 2019). “A Randomized Trial of Prenatal n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Preterm Delivery”. 《The New England Journal of Medicine》 381 (11): 1035–1045. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1816832. PMID31509674.
Montgomery P, Richardson AJ (April 2008). “Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder”. 《The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews》 (2): CD005169. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005169.pub2. PMID18425912.
Hegarty B, Parker G (January 2013). “Fish oil as a management component for mood disorders - an evolving signal”. 《Current Opinion in Psychiatry》 26 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835ab4a7. PMID23108232.
Ruxton CH, Calder PC, Reed SC, Simpson MJ (June 2005). “The impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health”. 《Nutrition Research Reviews》 18 (1): 113–29. doi:10.1079/nrr200497. PMID19079899.
Sanhueza C, Ryan L, Foxcroft DR (February 2013). “Diet and the risk of unipolar depression in adults: systematic review of cohort studies”. 《Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics》 26 (1): 56–70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01283.x. PMID23078460.
Cederholm T, Palmblad J (March 2010). “Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia?”. 《Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care》 13 (2): 150–5. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328335c40b. PMID20019606.
Mazereeuw G, Lanctôt KL, Chau SA, Swardfager W, Herrmann N (July 2012). “Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis”. 《Neurobiology of Aging》 33 (7): 1482.e17–29. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.014. PMID22305186.
Nguyen LN, Ma D, Shui G, Wong P, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Zhang X, 외. (May 2014). “Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid”. 《Nature》 509 (7501): 503–6. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..503N. doi:10.1038/nature13241. PMID24828044.
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Brenna JT (March 2002). “Efficiency of conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n-3 fatty acids in man”. 《Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care》 5 (2): 127–32. doi:10.1097/00075197-200203000-00002. PMID11844977.
Burdge GC, Calder PC (September 2005). “Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults”. 《Reproduction, Nutrition, Development》 45 (5): 581–97. doi:10.1051/rnd:2005047. PMID16188209.
Lohner S, Fekete K, Marosvölgyi T, Decsi T (2013). “Gender differences in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status: systematic review of 51 publications”. 《Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism》 62 (2): 98–112. doi:10.1159/000345599. PMID23327902.
Griffin BA (February 2008). “How relevant is the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to cardiovascular disease risk? Evidence from the OPTILIP study”. 《Current Opinion in Lipidology》 19 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f2e2a8. PMID18196988.
Hofmeijer-Sevink MK, Batelaan NM, van Megen HJ, Penninx BW, Cath DC, van den Hout MA, van Balkom AJ (March 2012). “Clinical relevance of comorbidity in anxiety disorders: a report from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)”. 《Journal of Affective Disorders》 137 (1–3): 106–12. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.008. PMID22240085.
Willett WC (September 2007). “The role of dietary n-6 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease”. 《Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine》. 8 Suppl 1: S42–5. doi:10.2459/01.JCM.0000289275.72556.13. PMID17876199.
Duckett SK, Neel JP, Fontenot JP, Clapham WM (September 2009). “Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: III. Tissue proximate, fatty acid, vitamin, and cholesterol content”. 《Journal of Animal Science》 87 (9): 2961–70. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-1850. PMID19502506.
Simopoulos AP (October 2002). “The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids”. 《Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie》 56 (8): 365–79. doi:10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00253-6. PMID12442909.
Simopoulos AP (September 2003). 〈Importance of the Ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids: Evolutionary Aspects〉. 《Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence》. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 92. 1–22쪽. doi:10.1159/000073788. ISBN978-3-8055-7640-6. PMID14579680.
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