Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (2014년 11월 15일). “Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians.”. 《World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology》 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMID25400991.
van Leerdam, ME (2008). “Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.”. 《Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology》 22 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.011. PMID18346679.
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). “The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding”. 《Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America》 21 (4): 657–70. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001. PMID21944416.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (2013년 10월 28일). “Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.”. 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMID24187470.
Salpeter, SR; Buckley, JS; Chatterjee, S (February 2014). “Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.”. 《The American Journal of Medicine》 127 (2): 124–131.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.017. PMID24331453.
Leontiadis, GI; Sreedharan, A; Dorward, S; Barton, P; Delaney, B; Howden, CW; Orhewere, M; Gisbert, J; Sharma, VK; Rostom, A; Moayyedi, P; Forman, D (December 2007). “Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding”. 《Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)》 11 (51): iii–iv, 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta11510. PMID18021578.
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). “Medical management of variceal hemorrhage”. 《Critical care nursing clinics of North America》 22 (3): 381–93. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004. PMID20691388.
Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). “Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding - an updated Cochrane review”. 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID21707680.
Jairath, V; Hearnshaw, S; Brunskill, SJ; Doree, C; Hopewell, S; Hyde, C; Travis, S; Murphy, MF (2010년 9월 8일). Jairath, Vipul, 편집. “Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage”. 《Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)》 (9): CD006613. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006613.pub3. PMID20824851.
Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (2014년 11월 15일). “Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians.”. 《World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology》 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMID25400991.
van Leerdam, ME (2008). “Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.”. 《Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology》 22 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.011. PMID18346679.
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). “The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding”. 《Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America》 21 (4): 657–70. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001. PMID21944416.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (2013년 10월 28일). “Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.”. 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMID24187470.
Salpeter, SR; Buckley, JS; Chatterjee, S (February 2014). “Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.”. 《The American Journal of Medicine》 127 (2): 124–131.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.017. PMID24331453.
Leontiadis, GI; Sreedharan, A; Dorward, S; Barton, P; Delaney, B; Howden, CW; Orhewere, M; Gisbert, J; Sharma, VK; Rostom, A; Moayyedi, P; Forman, D (December 2007). “Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding”. 《Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)》 11 (51): iii–iv, 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta11510. PMID18021578.
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). “Medical management of variceal hemorrhage”. 《Critical care nursing clinics of North America》 22 (3): 381–93. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004. PMID20691388.
Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). “Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding - an updated Cochrane review”. 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID21707680.
Jairath, V; Hearnshaw, S; Brunskill, SJ; Doree, C; Hopewell, S; Hyde, C; Travis, S; Murphy, MF (2010년 9월 8일). Jairath, Vipul, 편집. “Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage”. 《Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)》 (9): CD006613. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006613.pub3. PMID20824851.
niddk.nih.gov
“Bleeding in the Digestive Tract”. 《The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases》. 2014년 9월 17일. 2015년 2월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 3월 6일에 확인함.
web.archive.org
“Bleeding in the Digestive Tract”. 《The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases》. 2014년 9월 17일. 2015년 2월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 3월 6일에 확인함.