Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano (2008). 〈Hemes in Biology〉. 《Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology》. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb221.
S. Sassa and A. Kappas (2000): "Molecular aspects of the inherited porphyrias". Journal of Internal Medicine, volume 247, issue 2, pages 169-178. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00618.x
