Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). “Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges”. 《The American Journal of Psychiatry》 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID25930131.
Tanzilli A, Gualco I (March 2020). “Clinician Emotional Responses and Therapeutic Alliance When Treating Adolescent Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder Subtypes: A Clinically Meaningful Empirical Investigation”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 42–62. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.42. PMID32186983. S2CID213186868.
Russ E, Shedler J, Bradley R, Westen D (November 2008). “Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic criteria and subtypes”. 《The American Journal of Psychiatry》 165 (11): 1473–1481. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07030376. PMID18708489.
Ronningstam E (March 2020). “Internal Processing in Patients With Pathological Narcissism or Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Implications for Alliance Building and Therapeutic Strategies”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 80–103. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.80. PMID32186980. S2CID213181317.
Ritter K, Dziobek I, Preissler S, Rüter A, Vater A, Fydrich T, 외. (May 2011). “Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder”. 《Psychiatry Research》 187 (1–2): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013. PMID21055831. S2CID7718348.
Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finzi-Dottan R (April 2018). “Narcissism and Relationship Satisfaction from a Dyadic Perspective: The Mediating Role of Psychological Aggression”. 《Marriage & Family Review》 (영어) 54 (3): 296–312. doi:10.1080/01494929.2017.1359814. ISSN0149-4929. S2CID148631814.
Cramer P (October 2010). “Narcissism through the ages: What happens when narcissists grow older?”. 《Journal of Research in Personality》 (영어) 45 (5): 479–492. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.06.003.
Di Pierro R, Costantini G, Benzi IM, Madeddu F, Preti E (April 2019). “Grandiose and entitled, but still fragile: A network analysis of pathological narcissistic traits.”. 《Personality and Individual Differences》 140: 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.003. S2CID149618835.
Barry CT, Kauten RL (2014). “Nonpathological and pathological narcissism: which self-reported characteristics are most problematic in adolescents?”. 《Journal of Personality Assessment》 96 (2): 212–219. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.830264. PMID24007215. S2CID23508050.
Lenzenweger MF, Clarkin JF, Caligor E, Cain NM, Kernberg OF (2018). “Malignant Narcissism in Relation to Clinical Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study”. 《Psychopathology》 51 (5): 318–325. doi:10.1159/000492228. PMID30184541. S2CID52160230.
Pincus AL, Roche MJ (2011). 〈Narcissistic Grandiosity and Narcissistic Vulnerability〉. Campbell WK, Miller JD. 《The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments》. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 31–40쪽. doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch4. ISBN978-1-118-09310-8.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Measures of Narcissism and Their Relations to DSM-5 Pathological Traits: A Critical Reappraisal”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1177/1073191114522909. PMID24550548. S2CID24303584.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Rejoinder: A Construct Validity Approach to the Assessment of Narcissism”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1177/1073191115608943. PMID26463683. S2CID220416652.
Pincus AL, Ansell EB, Pimentel CA, Cain NM, Wright AG, Levy KN (September 2009). “Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory”. 《Psychological Assessment》 (American Psychological Association) 21 (3): 365–379. doi:10.1037/a0016530. PMID19719348.
Miller JD, Few LR, Wilson L, Gentile B, Widiger TA, Mackillop J, Keith Campbell W (September 2013). “The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI): a test of the convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of FFNI scores in clinical and community samples”. 《Psychological Assessment》 25 (3): 748–758. doi:10.1037/a0032536. PMID23647044.
Kaufman SB, Weiss B, Miller JD, Campbell WK (February 2020). “Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (1): 107–130. doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384. PMID30179576. S2CID52154467.
Du TV, Miller JD, Lynam DR (August 2022). “The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analysis”. 《Journal of Personality》 90 (4): 574–594. doi:10.1111/jopy.12684. PMID34689345. S2CID239767063.
Schulze L, Dziobek I, Vater A, Heekeren HR, Bajbouj M, Renneberg B, 외. (October 2013). “Gray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder”. 《Journal of Psychiatric Research》 (Elsevier) 47 (10): 1363–1369. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.017. PMID23777939.
Nenadic I, Güllmar D, Dietzek M, Langbein K, Steinke J, Gaser C (February 2015). “Brain structure in narcissistic personality disorder: a VBM and DTI pilot study”. 《Psychiatry Research》 (Elsevier Ireland) 231 (2): 184–186. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.001. PMID25492857. S2CID17073607.
Soyer RB, Rovenpor JL, Kopelman RE, Mullins LS, Watson PJ (May 2001). “Further assessment of the construct validity of four measures of narcissism: replication and extension”. 《The Journal of Psychology》 135 (3): 245–258. doi:10.1080/00223980109603695. PMID11577967. S2CID31486515.
Morf CC, Schürch E, Küfner A, Siegrist P, Vater A, Back M, Mestel R, Schröder-Abé M (June 2017). “Expanding the Nomological Net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German Validation and Extension in a Clinical Inpatient Sample”. 《Assessment》 24 (4): 419–443. doi:10.1177/1073191115627010. PMID26874362. S2CID13765609.
Soeteman DI, Verheul R, Busschbach JJ (June 2008). “The burden of disease in personality disorders: diagnosis-specific quality of life”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 22 (3): 259–268. doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.3.259. hdl:1765/62721. PMID18540798.
Ellison WD, Acuff MC, Kealy D, Joyce AS, Ogrodniczuk JS (August 2020). “Narcissism and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Relationship Patterns”. 《The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease》 208 (8): 613–618. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001170. PMID32229790. S2CID213949270.
Dhawan N, Kunik ME, Oldham J, Coverdale J (July–August 2010). “Prevalence and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder in the community: a systematic review”. 《Comprehensive Psychiatry》 51 (4): 333–339. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.003. PMID20579503.
Lindner RM (May 1950). “The Psychodynamics of Gambling”. 《The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science》 269 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1177/000271625026900114. S2CID144827078.
Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). “Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges”. 《The American Journal of Psychiatry》 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID25930131.
Tanzilli A, Gualco I (March 2020). “Clinician Emotional Responses and Therapeutic Alliance When Treating Adolescent Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder Subtypes: A Clinically Meaningful Empirical Investigation”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 42–62. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.42. PMID32186983. S2CID213186868.
Russ E, Shedler J, Bradley R, Westen D (November 2008). “Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic criteria and subtypes”. 《The American Journal of Psychiatry》 165 (11): 1473–1481. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07030376. PMID18708489.
Ronningstam E (March 2020). “Internal Processing in Patients With Pathological Narcissism or Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Implications for Alliance Building and Therapeutic Strategies”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 80–103. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.80. PMID32186980. S2CID213181317.
Ritter K, Dziobek I, Preissler S, Rüter A, Vater A, Fydrich T, 외. (May 2011). “Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder”. 《Psychiatry Research》 187 (1–2): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013. PMID21055831. S2CID7718348.
Barry CT, Kauten RL (2014). “Nonpathological and pathological narcissism: which self-reported characteristics are most problematic in adolescents?”. 《Journal of Personality Assessment》 96 (2): 212–219. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.830264. PMID24007215. S2CID23508050.
Lenzenweger MF, Clarkin JF, Caligor E, Cain NM, Kernberg OF (2018). “Malignant Narcissism in Relation to Clinical Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study”. 《Psychopathology》 51 (5): 318–325. doi:10.1159/000492228. PMID30184541. S2CID52160230.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Measures of Narcissism and Their Relations to DSM-5 Pathological Traits: A Critical Reappraisal”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1177/1073191114522909. PMID24550548. S2CID24303584.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Rejoinder: A Construct Validity Approach to the Assessment of Narcissism”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1177/1073191115608943. PMID26463683. S2CID220416652.
Pincus AL, Ansell EB, Pimentel CA, Cain NM, Wright AG, Levy KN (September 2009). “Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory”. 《Psychological Assessment》 (American Psychological Association) 21 (3): 365–379. doi:10.1037/a0016530. PMID19719348.
Miller JD, Few LR, Wilson L, Gentile B, Widiger TA, Mackillop J, Keith Campbell W (September 2013). “The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI): a test of the convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of FFNI scores in clinical and community samples”. 《Psychological Assessment》 25 (3): 748–758. doi:10.1037/a0032536. PMID23647044.
Kaufman SB, Weiss B, Miller JD, Campbell WK (February 2020). “Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (1): 107–130. doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384. PMID30179576. S2CID52154467.
Du TV, Miller JD, Lynam DR (August 2022). “The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analysis”. 《Journal of Personality》 90 (4): 574–594. doi:10.1111/jopy.12684. PMID34689345. S2CID239767063.
Schulze L, Dziobek I, Vater A, Heekeren HR, Bajbouj M, Renneberg B, 외. (October 2013). “Gray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder”. 《Journal of Psychiatric Research》 (Elsevier) 47 (10): 1363–1369. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.017. PMID23777939.
Nenadic I, Güllmar D, Dietzek M, Langbein K, Steinke J, Gaser C (February 2015). “Brain structure in narcissistic personality disorder: a VBM and DTI pilot study”. 《Psychiatry Research》 (Elsevier Ireland) 231 (2): 184–186. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.001. PMID25492857. S2CID17073607.
Soyer RB, Rovenpor JL, Kopelman RE, Mullins LS, Watson PJ (May 2001). “Further assessment of the construct validity of four measures of narcissism: replication and extension”. 《The Journal of Psychology》 135 (3): 245–258. doi:10.1080/00223980109603695. PMID11577967. S2CID31486515.
Morf CC, Schürch E, Küfner A, Siegrist P, Vater A, Back M, Mestel R, Schröder-Abé M (June 2017). “Expanding the Nomological Net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German Validation and Extension in a Clinical Inpatient Sample”. 《Assessment》 24 (4): 419–443. doi:10.1177/1073191115627010. PMID26874362. S2CID13765609.
Soeteman DI, Verheul R, Busschbach JJ (June 2008). “The burden of disease in personality disorders: diagnosis-specific quality of life”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 22 (3): 259–268. doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.3.259. hdl:1765/62721. PMID18540798.
Ellison WD, Acuff MC, Kealy D, Joyce AS, Ogrodniczuk JS (August 2020). “Narcissism and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Relationship Patterns”. 《The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease》 208 (8): 613–618. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001170. PMID32229790. S2CID213949270.
Caligor, Eve; Levy, Kenneth N.; Yeomans, Frank E. (May 2015). "Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Diagnostic and Clinical Challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. Washington, D.C.volume=172: American Psychiatric Association (5): 415–22. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.
Dhawan N, Kunik ME, Oldham J, Coverdale J (July–August 2010). “Prevalence and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder in the community: a systematic review”. 《Comprehensive Psychiatry》 51 (4): 333–339. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.003. PMID20579503.
Tanzilli A, Gualco I (March 2020). “Clinician Emotional Responses and Therapeutic Alliance When Treating Adolescent Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder Subtypes: A Clinically Meaningful Empirical Investigation”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 42–62. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.42. PMID32186983. S2CID213186868.
Ronningstam E (March 2020). “Internal Processing in Patients With Pathological Narcissism or Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Implications for Alliance Building and Therapeutic Strategies”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (Suppl): 80–103. doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.80. PMID32186980. S2CID213181317.
Ritter K, Dziobek I, Preissler S, Rüter A, Vater A, Fydrich T, 외. (May 2011). “Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder”. 《Psychiatry Research》 187 (1–2): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013. PMID21055831. S2CID7718348.
Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finzi-Dottan R (April 2018). “Narcissism and Relationship Satisfaction from a Dyadic Perspective: The Mediating Role of Psychological Aggression”. 《Marriage & Family Review》 (영어) 54 (3): 296–312. doi:10.1080/01494929.2017.1359814. ISSN0149-4929. S2CID148631814.
Di Pierro R, Costantini G, Benzi IM, Madeddu F, Preti E (April 2019). “Grandiose and entitled, but still fragile: A network analysis of pathological narcissistic traits.”. 《Personality and Individual Differences》 140: 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.003. S2CID149618835.
Barry CT, Kauten RL (2014). “Nonpathological and pathological narcissism: which self-reported characteristics are most problematic in adolescents?”. 《Journal of Personality Assessment》 96 (2): 212–219. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.830264. PMID24007215. S2CID23508050.
Lenzenweger MF, Clarkin JF, Caligor E, Cain NM, Kernberg OF (2018). “Malignant Narcissism in Relation to Clinical Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study”. 《Psychopathology》 51 (5): 318–325. doi:10.1159/000492228. PMID30184541. S2CID52160230.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Measures of Narcissism and Their Relations to DSM-5 Pathological Traits: A Critical Reappraisal”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1177/1073191114522909. PMID24550548. S2CID24303584.
Miller JD, Lynam DR, Campbell WK (February 2016). “Rejoinder: A Construct Validity Approach to the Assessment of Narcissism”. 《Assessment》 23 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1177/1073191115608943. PMID26463683. S2CID220416652.
Kaufman SB, Weiss B, Miller JD, Campbell WK (February 2020). “Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective”. 《Journal of Personality Disorders》 34 (1): 107–130. doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384. PMID30179576. S2CID52154467.
Du TV, Miller JD, Lynam DR (August 2022). “The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analysis”. 《Journal of Personality》 90 (4): 574–594. doi:10.1111/jopy.12684. PMID34689345. S2CID239767063.
Soyer RB, Rovenpor JL, Kopelman RE, Mullins LS, Watson PJ (May 2001). “Further assessment of the construct validity of four measures of narcissism: replication and extension”. 《The Journal of Psychology》 135 (3): 245–258. doi:10.1080/00223980109603695. PMID11577967. S2CID31486515.
Morf CC, Schürch E, Küfner A, Siegrist P, Vater A, Back M, Mestel R, Schröder-Abé M (June 2017). “Expanding the Nomological Net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German Validation and Extension in a Clinical Inpatient Sample”. 《Assessment》 24 (4): 419–443. doi:10.1177/1073191115627010. PMID26874362. S2CID13765609.
Ellison WD, Acuff MC, Kealy D, Joyce AS, Ogrodniczuk JS (August 2020). “Narcissism and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Relationship Patterns”. 《The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease》 208 (8): 613–618. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001170. PMID32229790. S2CID213949270.
Lindner RM (May 1950). “The Psychodynamics of Gambling”. 《The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science》 269 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1177/000271625026900114. S2CID144827078.
Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finzi-Dottan R (April 2018). “Narcissism and Relationship Satisfaction from a Dyadic Perspective: The Mediating Role of Psychological Aggression”. 《Marriage & Family Review》 (영어) 54 (3): 296–312. doi:10.1080/01494929.2017.1359814. ISSN0149-4929. S2CID148631814.