James Emerson, Report of Water-Wheel Tests at Lowell and Other Places, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. LXIII, No. 3 (March, 1872); pages 177-178.
Holyoke Warter Power Co., Experiments with Gears, Belts and Draft Tubes, Holyoke Hydrodynamic Experiments, Weaver Shipman and Co., Springfield, Mass., 1880; pages 73-76.
Coleman Sellers, Transmission of Motion, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. LXIV, No. 5 (Nov. 1872); pages 305-319, countershaft is defined on page 314, jack shaft on page 316.