탕산대지진 (Korean Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "탕산대지진" in Korean language version.

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田春玲 (2022년 12월 23일). “唐山大地震40周年金大陆：我们正在抢救大地震的历史”. 澎湃新闻. 2022년 12월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.

bbc.com

“Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held”. 《BBC News》. 2014년 12월 26일. 2016년 12월 15일에 확인함.

books.google.com

Pararas-Carayannis, George (March 2001). 《The Big One: The Next Great California Earthquake; Understanding Why, Where, and when, It Will Happen》. Forbes Pub. ISBN 9780970972507.
Spignesi (2005, 47–48쪽) quotes from a geocities.com webpage of "Dr. George" that is no longer available. Spignesi quotes Pararas-Carayannis as saying that, in the 1556 earthquake, "in some counties the average death toll was 60 percent of the total population", and that it was reasonable to expect a similar proportion of deaths at Tangshan since the magnitudes were similar (assuming that the intensity of ground-shaking was also similar), and "since construction standards for this rural area had not changed significantly" (Spignesi 2005, 47–48쪽). However, that premise is false: the large death toll in Shaanxi has been attributed to the yaodong style of construction peculiar to that region, where rooms, and entire buildings, are carved out of a thick layer of soft sediments (loess) that blankets the region, leaving walls of weak material similar to adobe to support the roof (Golany 1992, 7, 1쪽). Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 . Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 . Golany, Gideon S. (1992), 《Chinese Earth-Sheltered Dwellings: Indigenous Lessons for Modern Urban Design》, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1369-7 .
Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. The initial estimates of 600,000 to 750,000 deaths were based on a faulty comparison with the Shaanxi earthquake. Spignesi 2005, 47–48쪽. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 .

caltech.edu

resolver.caltech.edu

Housner & He 2002, Prologue. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
Jennings 1980, 84쪽; Xing & Zou 2002, 88쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Xing, Jiaming; Zou, Baoshan (2002), 〈Geomorphologic Characteristics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan Area and Their Relation with Tectonic Activity〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
Guo 2002, 27쪽. Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhao 2002, 626쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Yang 2002a, 50쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002a), 〈Geologic-Tectonic Background and Seismogenic Structure of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
See figure 16 in Zhu 2002, 23쪽, and figure 13 in Guo 2002, 43쪽. The secondary quake occurred on a north oriented section of a fault in a zone that, coming from the southeast, turns north, and then gets complicated. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Guo 2002, 30–31쪽. Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhu 2002, 6쪽. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhu 2002, 8쪽, and see Table 4, p. 12. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 88쪽, and see figure 15 in Guo 2002, 45쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽; Yang 2002b, 176쪽 [6]. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yao 2002, 244쪽 [74]. Yao, Binghua (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 244–248쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽, and see figure 2, p. 182. An isoseismal map can be found in the front matter of Volume 4 보관됨 28 11월 2020 - 웨이백 머신. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Mao, Liang & Cui 2002, 231쪽 Mao, Yingsheng; Liang, ZhiJiang; Cui, Fuwen (2002), 〈Lightly Damaged Bridges in the High Intensity Earthquake Zone〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 231–242쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Xu 2002, 242쪽. Xu, Wei (2002), 〈Earthquake Intensity Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 241–243쪽 .
Housner & He 2002, 26–27쪽; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 749쪽. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Zhao 2002, 627쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Mi 2002, 765쪽. Mi, Enli (2002), 〈The Repair and Restoration of the Kailuan Coal Mine〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽, and see figures 1 and 4, pp. 40 and 41. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 4. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 2쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 1. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu (2002, 20+쪽) has pictures. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1, 2, 15–16, 18쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 8–10쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Strengthening is primarily a matter of "joining beam ends" securely so they do not pull apart, crush together, or slip off of a support. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1–2, 8쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 750쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
E.g.: Housner & He 2002, 17쪽, footnote. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 757쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Dong & Wang 2002. Dong, Guangjian; Wang, Yuren (2002), 〈Repair and Recovery of the Douhe Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 781–786쪽 .
Qian & Zhu 2002. Qian, Denggao; Zhu, Chendong (2002), 〈Emergency at the Baihe River Main Dam on the Miyuan Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 787–791쪽 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 748쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Shen 2002; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002. Shen, Ersong (2002), 〈Repair of the Tangshan Municipal Water Supply System and Recovery of the Water Supply〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 819–822쪽 . Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .

authors.library.caltech.edu

Housner & He 2002, Prologue. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
Jennings 1980, 84쪽; Xing & Zou 2002, 88쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Xing, Jiaming; Zou, Baoshan (2002), 〈Geomorphologic Characteristics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan Area and Their Relation with Tectonic Activity〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
Zhao 2002, 626쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Yang 2002a, 50쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002a), 〈Geologic-Tectonic Background and Seismogenic Structure of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
See figure 16 in Zhu 2002, 23쪽, and figure 13 in Guo 2002, 43쪽. The secondary quake occurred on a north oriented section of a fault in a zone that, coming from the southeast, turns north, and then gets complicated. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhu 2002, 6쪽. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhu 2002, 8쪽, and see Table 4, p. 12. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽; Yang 2002b, 176쪽 [6]. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yao 2002, 244쪽 [74]. Yao, Binghua (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 244–248쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽, and see figure 2, p. 182. An isoseismal map can be found in the front matter of Volume 4 보관됨 28 11월 2020 - 웨이백 머신. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Xu 2002, 242쪽. Xu, Wei (2002), 〈Earthquake Intensity Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 241–243쪽 .
Housner & He 2002, 26–27쪽; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 749쪽. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Zhao 2002, 627쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Mi 2002, 765쪽. Mi, Enli (2002), 〈The Repair and Restoration of the Kailuan Coal Mine〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽, and see figures 1 and 4, pp. 40 and 41. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 4. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 2쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 1. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu (2002, 20+쪽) has pictures. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1, 2, 15–16, 18쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 8–10쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Strengthening is primarily a matter of "joining beam ends" securely so they do not pull apart, crush together, or slip off of a support. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1–2, 8쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 750쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
E.g.: Housner & He 2002, 17쪽, footnote. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 757쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Dong & Wang 2002. Dong, Guangjian; Wang, Yuren (2002), 〈Repair and Recovery of the Douhe Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 781–786쪽 .
Qian & Zhu 2002. Qian, Denggao; Zhu, Chendong (2002), 〈Emergency at the Baihe River Main Dam on the Miyuan Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 787–791쪽 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 748쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Shen 2002; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002. Shen, Ersong (2002), 〈Repair of the Tangshan Municipal Water Supply System and Recovery of the Water Supply〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 819–822쪽 . Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .

cas.cn

english.cas.cn

Chen, Na (2010년 12월 21일). “Death Toll of 1920 China Earthquake Higher than Previously Estimated”. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2020년 9월 22일에 확인함.

cea.gov.cn

CEA 2009. Chinese Earthquake Administration (2009년 5월 5일), “二十世纪以来死亡人数最多的地震” [The most deadly earthquake since the twentieth century] .

cjr.org

https://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/one_year_later_haitian_earthqu.php?page=all Columbia Journalism Review, "Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute", 20 January 2012

cnjournals.com

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张元芳; 任栋; 陈珊 (2020). “海原地震遗迹(宁夏段)保护现状及保护方式讨论”. 《地震工程学报》 42 (5). 2021년 4월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 4월 25일에 확인함.

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Wang 2007. Wang, Ru-diao (February 2007), “Questioning about that "830 Thousand People Died" in the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake”, 《Earthquake Research in Shanxi》 2: 42–46, ISSN 1000-6265, 2018년 12월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 12월 5일에 확인함 .

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Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 3쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Some say 1.8 Ga, others 2.5. See Kusky & Li 2003 and Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽 for details. Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianhai (December 2003), “Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton”, 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》 22 (4): 383–397, Bibcode:2003JAESc..22..383K, doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00071-3 . Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽; Jennings 1980, 88쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Guo 등. 2022 Guo, Lei; Qian, Jiawei; Zhang, Suxin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Xiang (2022), “Seismicity and velocity structure of the 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan earthquake”, 《Journal of Seismology》 26 (2): 359–371, Bibcode:2022JSeis..26..359G, doi:10.1007/s10950-022-10073-0, S2CID 246654390 .
Chen, Liu & Wang 2021 Chen, Yuxuan; Liu, Mian; Wang, Hui (2021), “Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth》 126 (5): 625–645, Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621395C, doi:10.1029/2020JB021395, S2CID 234848679 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109–110쪽 Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz (1978, 109쪽) mention "the Lungling and Yenyuen earthquakes, both accurately predicted". See also Jennings 1980 (p. 6) and Chen & Wang 2010 regarding the Sungpan—Pingwu (or Songpan) earthquake. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Wang 등. 2006, 757쪽 Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Hammond 1976. Hammond, Allen L. (1976년 5월 7일), “Earthquakes: An evacuation in China, a warning in California”, 《Science》 192 (4239): 538–539, Bibcode:1976Sci...192..538H, doi:10.1126/science.192.4239.538, PMID 17745640 .
Wang 등. 2006, 779쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. (1977, 260쪽), quoting the Peking Review (1975, 20쪽), state: "The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'." See also Cha (1976, 7쪽), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. “Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting” (PDF), 《Peking Review》 18 (12), 1975년 3월 21일, 20–21쪽 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Wang 등. 2006, 777쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 780쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 785쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Kerr 1979, 543쪽. Kerr, Richard (1979년 11월 2일), “Prospects for Earthquake Prediction Wane”, 《Science》 206 (4418): 542–545, Bibcode:1979Sci...206..542K, doi:10.1126/science.206.4418.542, PMID 17759414 .
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Xie & Qu 2018, 5쪽. Xie, Lili; Qu, Zhe (January 2018), “On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation” (PDF), 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 17 (1): 1–10, Bibcode:2018EEEV...17....1X, doi:10.1007/s11803-018-0420-6, S2CID 116230669 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2847쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2844쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽, citing a Chinese source. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
ICEF 2011, 351쪽. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Wang 등. 2006, Appendix E has a concise description of the Cultural Revolution. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. 1977, 266쪽; Cha 1976, 7쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
Raleigh 등. 1977, 258–259쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Raleigh 등. 1977, 259–260쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Hou 등. 1998, 549쪽. Hou, Jian-Jun; Han, Mu-Kang; Chai, Bao-Long; Han, Heng-Yue (May 1998), “Geomorphological observations of active faults in the epicentral region of the Huaxian large earthquake in 1556 in Shaanxi Province, China”, 《Journal of Structural Geology》 20 (5): 549–557, Bibcode:1998JSG....20..549H, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00112-0 .
Kolbe, Athena R.; Hutson, Royce A.; Shannon, Harry; Trzcinski, Eileen; Miles, Bart; Levitz, Naomi; Puccio, Marie; James, Leah; Roger Noel, Jean; Muggah, Robert (2010). “Mortality, crime and access to basic needs before and after the Haiti earthquake: a random survey of Port-au-Prince households”. 《Medicine, Conflict and Survival》 26 (4): 281–297. doi:10.1080/13623699.2010.535279. PMID 21314081. S2CID 26000167.

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“The China Earthquake of 1976”, 2020년 12월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 7월 18일에 확인함 .

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Peng 2008, 9쪽 Peng, Funan (June 2008), “The success of the prediction of Haicheng earthquake and the negligence of the Tangshan earthquake”, 《Engineering Sciences》 6 (2): 9–18, 2018년 8월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 8월 5일에 확인함 .

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Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
ICEF 2011, 351쪽. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .

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Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 3쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Some say 1.8 Ga, others 2.5. See Kusky & Li 2003 and Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽 for details. Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianhai (December 2003), “Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton”, 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》 22 (4): 383–397, Bibcode:2003JAESc..22..383K, doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00071-3 . Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽; Jennings 1980, 88쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Guo 등. 2022 Guo, Lei; Qian, Jiawei; Zhang, Suxin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Xiang (2022), “Seismicity and velocity structure of the 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan earthquake”, 《Journal of Seismology》 26 (2): 359–371, Bibcode:2022JSeis..26..359G, doi:10.1007/s10950-022-10073-0, S2CID 246654390 .
Chen, Liu & Wang 2021 Chen, Yuxuan; Liu, Mian; Wang, Hui (2021), “Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth》 126 (5): 625–645, Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621395C, doi:10.1029/2020JB021395, S2CID 234848679 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109–110쪽 Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz (1978, 109쪽) mention "the Lungling and Yenyuen earthquakes, both accurately predicted". See also Jennings 1980 (p. 6) and Chen & Wang 2010 regarding the Sungpan—Pingwu (or Songpan) earthquake. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Wang 등. 2006, 757쪽 Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Hammond 1976. Hammond, Allen L. (1976년 5월 7일), “Earthquakes: An evacuation in China, a warning in California”, 《Science》 192 (4239): 538–539, Bibcode:1976Sci...192..538H, doi:10.1126/science.192.4239.538, PMID 17745640 .
Wang 등. 2006, 779쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. (1977, 260쪽), quoting the Peking Review (1975, 20쪽), state: "The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'." See also Cha (1976, 7쪽), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. “Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting” (PDF), 《Peking Review》 18 (12), 1975년 3월 21일, 20–21쪽 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Wang 등. 2006, 777쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 780쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 785쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Kerr 1979, 543쪽. Kerr, Richard (1979년 11월 2일), “Prospects for Earthquake Prediction Wane”, 《Science》 206 (4418): 542–545, Bibcode:1979Sci...206..542K, doi:10.1126/science.206.4418.542, PMID 17759414 .
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Xie & Qu 2018, 5쪽. Xie, Lili; Qu, Zhe (January 2018), “On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation” (PDF), 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 17 (1): 1–10, Bibcode:2018EEEV...17....1X, doi:10.1007/s11803-018-0420-6, S2CID 116230669 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2847쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2844쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽, citing a Chinese source. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Wang 등. 2006, Appendix E has a concise description of the Cultural Revolution. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. 1977, 266쪽; Cha 1976, 7쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
Raleigh 등. 1977, 258–259쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Raleigh 등. 1977, 259–260쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Hou 등. 1998, 549쪽. Hou, Jian-Jun; Han, Mu-Kang; Chai, Bao-Long; Han, Heng-Yue (May 1998), “Geomorphological observations of active faults in the epicentral region of the Huaxian large earthquake in 1556 in Shaanxi Province, China”, 《Journal of Structural Geology》 20 (5): 549–557, Bibcode:1998JSG....20..549H, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00112-0 .

hswh.org.cn

曾文友 (2022년 7월 29일). “10名书记、常委震亡，唐山大地震后的地市委，被誉为震不倒的旗帜” (중국어 (중국)). 党史博采. 2024년 5월 21일에 확인함.

ifeng.com

ishare.ifeng.com

“黄志强：“邯二”唐山不会忘记，凤凰新闻，2020/07/16”. 2021년 5월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 5월 22일에 확인함.

isc.ac.uk

ISC-EHB Event 711732 [IRIS]. 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom
ISC-EHB Event 711773 [IRIS]. 국제지진센터, 《ISC-EHB Bulletin》, Thatcham, United Kingdom

jiemian.com

王瓒玮 (2016년 7월 28일). “唐山大地震四十年：反思与"记忆"”. 《东方历史评论》. Reprinted as: 王瓒玮 (2016년 7월 28일). “唐山大地震40年：从死亡人数到天灾还是人祸仍是一地鸡毛”. 《Jiemian》. 2021년 1월 15일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 6일에 확인함.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017; Chen 등. 1988 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .
Chen 등. 1988. Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .

lyellcollection.org

sp.lyellcollection.org

Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 3쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Some say 1.8 Ga, others 2.5. See Kusky & Li 2003 and Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽 for details. Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianhai (December 2003), “Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton”, 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》 22 (4): 383–397, Bibcode:2003JAESc..22..383K, doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00071-3 . Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .

massline.org

Raleigh 등. (1977, 260쪽), quoting the Peking Review (1975, 20쪽), state: "The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'." See also Cha (1976, 7쪽), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. “Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting” (PDF), 《Peking Review》 18 (12), 1975년 3월 21일, 20–21쪽 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).

mtime.com

“唐山大地震 Aftershock”.

nap.edu

Jennings 1980, 89쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 77쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 84–85쪽, and see figure 4.14. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 84쪽; Xing & Zou 2002, 88쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Xing, Jiaming; Zou, Baoshan (2002), 〈Geomorphologic Characteristics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan Area and Their Relation with Tectonic Activity〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽; Jennings 1980, 88쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 89쪽, and see figure 4.17. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 88, 92쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 88쪽, and see figure 15 in Guo 2002, 45쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 75쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 19쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽; Yang 2002b, 176쪽 [6]. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 10쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
See also Jennings 1980, 64–67쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz (1978, 109쪽) mention "the Lungling and Yenyuen earthquakes, both accurately predicted". See also Jennings 1980 (p. 6) and Chen & Wang 2010 regarding the Sungpan—Pingwu (or Songpan) earthquake. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Jennings 1980, 81쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .

nasa.gov

ntrs.nasa.gov

Raleigh 등. (1977, 260쪽), quoting the Peking Review (1975, 20쪽), state: "The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'." See also Cha (1976, 7쪽), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. “Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting” (PDF), 《Peking Review》 18 (12), 1975년 3월 21일, 20–21쪽 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Raleigh 등. 1977, 266쪽; Cha 1976, 7쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).

naver.com

newslibrary.naver.com

“强震再襲 긴급警報外國人들 특별疎開”. 경향신문. 1976년 8월 2일. 2024년 5월 20일에 확인함.

nbcnews.com

“MSNBC Deadliest Earthquakes”. 《NBC News》. 2011년 10월 19일에 확인함.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hammond 1976. Hammond, Allen L. (1976년 5월 7일), “Earthquakes: An evacuation in China, a warning in California”, 《Science》 192 (4239): 538–539, Bibcode:1976Sci...192..538H, doi:10.1126/science.192.4239.538, PMID 17745640 .
Kerr 1979, 543쪽. Kerr, Richard (1979년 11월 2일), “Prospects for Earthquake Prediction Wane”, 《Science》 206 (4418): 542–545, Bibcode:1979Sci...206..542K, doi:10.1126/science.206.4418.542, PMID 17759414 .
Kolbe, Athena R.; Hutson, Royce A.; Shannon, Harry; Trzcinski, Eileen; Miles, Bart; Levitz, Naomi; Puccio, Marie; James, Leah; Roger Noel, Jean; Muggah, Robert (2010). “Mortality, crime and access to basic needs before and after the Haiti earthquake: a random survey of Port-au-Prince households”. 《Medicine, Conflict and Survival》 26 (4): 281–297. doi:10.1080/13623699.2010.535279. PMID 21314081. S2CID 26000167.

nujiang.gov.cn

唐山大地震简介 (2015년 7월 6일). “唐山大地震简介” (중국어 (중국)). 난징시 홈페이지. 2024년 5월 21일에 확인함. ^{[깨진 링크(과거 내용 찾기)]}

nytimes.com

“'76 Termed Among Worst in Toll from Earthquakes”. 《The New York Times》. 1977년 1월 24일.

oxfordjournals.org

gji.oxfordjournals.org

From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .

people.com.cn

culture.people.com.cn

徐学江 (2006년 7월 28일). “唐山地震死亡人数是如何公布的”. 《人民网》 (중국어). 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 6일에 확인함.

qu-zhe.net

Xie & Qu 2018, 5쪽. Xie, Lili; Qu, Zhe (January 2018), “On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation” (PDF), 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 17 (1): 1–10, Bibcode:2018EEEV...17....1X, doi:10.1007/s11803-018-0420-6, S2CID 116230669 .

researchgate.net

Lomnitz & Lomnitz (1978, 109쪽) mention "the Lungling and Yenyuen earthquakes, both accurately predicted". See also Jennings 1980 (p. 6) and Chen & Wang 2010 regarding the Sungpan—Pingwu (or Songpan) earthquake. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2847쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2844쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
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sciencenet.cn

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Wang 등. 2006, 757쪽 Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
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From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Wang 등. 2006, 777쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 780쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 785쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, Appendix E has a concise description of the Cultural Revolution. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .

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Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 3쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Some say 1.8 Ga, others 2.5. See Kusky & Li 2003 and Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽 for details. Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianhai (December 2003), “Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton”, 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》 22 (4): 383–397, Bibcode:2003JAESc..22..383K, doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00071-3 . Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
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Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Guo 등. 2022 Guo, Lei; Qian, Jiawei; Zhang, Suxin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Xiang (2022), “Seismicity and velocity structure of the 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan earthquake”, 《Journal of Seismology》 26 (2): 359–371, Bibcode:2022JSeis..26..359G, doi:10.1007/s10950-022-10073-0, S2CID 246654390 .
Chen, Liu & Wang 2021 Chen, Yuxuan; Liu, Mian; Wang, Hui (2021), “Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth》 126 (5): 625–645, Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621395C, doi:10.1029/2020JB021395, S2CID 234848679 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
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ICEF 2011, 351쪽. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
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徐学江 (2006년 7월 28일). “唐山地震死亡人数是如何公布的”. 《人民网》 (중국어). 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 6일에 확인함.
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Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함
“黄志强：“邯二”唐山不会忘记，凤凰新闻，2020/07/16”. 2021년 5월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 5월 22일에 확인함.
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wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017; Chen 등. 1988 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .
Jennings 1980, 89쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Housner & He 2002, Prologue. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
Jennings 1980, 77쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 84–85쪽, and see figure 4.14. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 84쪽; Xing & Zou 2002, 88쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Xing, Jiaming; Zou, Baoshan (2002), 〈Geomorphologic Characteristics in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan Area and Their Relation with Tectonic Activity〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
Guo 2002, 27쪽. Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Zhao 2002, 626쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 3쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Some say 1.8 Ga, others 2.5. See Kusky & Li 2003 and Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽 for details. Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianhai (December 2003), “Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton”, 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》 22 (4): 383–397, Bibcode:2003JAESc..22..383K, doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00071-3 . Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
Yang 2002a, 50쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002a), 〈Geologic-Tectonic Background and Seismogenic Structure of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 85–98쪽 .
Kusky, Windley & Zhai 2007, 20쪽. Kusky, Timothy M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007), Zhai, M.-G.; Windley, B. F.; Kusky, T. M.; Meng, Q. R., 편집., “Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen” (PDF), 《Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia》, Special Publications 280 (Geological Society) 280 (1), 1–34쪽, Bibcode:2007GSLSP.280....1K, doi:10.1144/SP280.1, S2CID 129902429 .
See figure 16 in Zhu 2002, 23쪽, and figure 13 in Guo 2002, 43쪽. The secondary quake occurred on a north oriented section of a fault in a zone that, coming from the southeast, turns north, and then gets complicated. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Guo 2002, 30–31쪽. Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Zhu 2002, 6쪽. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 207쪽. See figure 12 (p. 218) for an illustration. See also Zhu 2002, 8쪽, Guo 2002, 33–34쪽. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽; Jennings 1980, 88쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 89쪽, and see figure 4.17. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 88, 92쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109쪽. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Zhu 2002, 8쪽, and see Table 4, p. 12. Zhu, Chuanzhen (2002), 〈Seismic Activity in Tangshan and its Surrounding Areas〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–23쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 88쪽, and see figure 15 in Guo 2002, 45쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Guo, Shunmin (2002), 〈Occurrence of the Tangshan Earthquake from the View of Fault Block Movement〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24–47쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 75쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Guo 등. 2022 Guo, Lei; Qian, Jiawei; Zhang, Suxin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Xiang (2022), “Seismicity and velocity structure of the 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan earthquake”, 《Journal of Seismology》 26 (2): 359–371, Bibcode:2022JSeis..26..359G, doi:10.1007/s10950-022-10073-0, S2CID 246654390 .
Liu 2020 Liu, Zhen (2020년 7월 12일), 《Chinese city of Tangshan hit by magnitude 5.1 quake, stirring memories of 1976 tragedy》, South China Morning Post, 2020년 10월 11일에 확인함 .
Chen, Liu & Wang 2021 Chen, Yuxuan; Liu, Mian; Wang, Hui (2021), “Aftershocks and Background Seismicity in Tangshan and the Rest of North China”, 《Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth》 126 (5): 625–645, Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621395C, doi:10.1029/2020JB021395, S2CID 234848679 .
Butler, Stewart & Kanamori 1979, 217–218쪽. See also Jennings 1980, figure 4.23, which plots damage as a function of epicentral distance and a measure of building strength. Butler, Rhett; Stewart, Gordon S.; Kanamori, Hiroo (February 1979), “The July 27, 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake—A complex sequence of intraplate events” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 69 (1): 207–220, Bibcode:1979BuSSA..69..207B, doi:10.1785/BSSA0690010207, S2CID 140609618 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 19쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Jennings 1980, 69쪽; Yang 2002b, 176쪽 [6]. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yao 2002, 244쪽 [74]. Yao, Binghua (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 244–248쪽 .
Stoltman, Lidstone & Dechano 2004. Stoltman, Joseph P.; Lidstone, John; Dechano, M. Lisa. (2004), 《International Perspectives on Natural Disasters》, Springer Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4020-2850-2 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽, and see figure 2, p. 182. An isoseismal map can be found in the front matter of Volume 4 보관됨 28 11월 2020 - 웨이백 머신. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 172쪽. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Mao, Liang & Cui 2002, 231쪽 Mao, Yingsheng; Liang, ZhiJiang; Cui, Fuwen (2002), 〈Lightly Damaged Bridges in the High Intensity Earthquake Zone〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 231–242쪽 .
Jennings 1980, 10쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Yang 2002b, 180쪽, Table 1. Yang, Lihua (2002b), 〈Distribution and Ground Failure Intensity Distribution of the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 171–183쪽 .
Xu 2002, 242쪽. Xu, Wei (2002), 〈Earthquake Intensity Distribution in the City of Beijing〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 241–243쪽 .
Housner & He 2002, 26–27쪽; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 749쪽. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
루시 존스 2020, 197-198쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
루시 존스 2020, 198쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
Zhao 2002, 627쪽. Zhao, Yucheng (2002), 〈Earthquake Damage to Shafts and Roadways in Kailuan〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 2, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 625–645쪽 .
Mi 2002, 765쪽. Mi, Enli (2002), 〈The Repair and Restoration of the Kailuan Coal Mine〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽, and see figures 1 and 4, pp. 40 and 41. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 4. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 2쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, figure 1. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu (2002, 20+쪽) has pictures. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1, 2, 15–16, 18쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 8–10쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1쪽. Strengthening is primarily a matter of "joining beam ends" securely so they do not pull apart, crush together, or slip off of a support. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Liao & Gu 2002, 1–2, 8쪽. Liao, Shuqiao; Gu, Zuoqin (2002), 〈Damage to Railway Engineering〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 1, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1–59쪽 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 750쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Spignesi (2005, 47–48쪽) quotes from a geocities.com webpage of "Dr. George" that is no longer available. Spignesi quotes Pararas-Carayannis as saying that, in the 1556 earthquake, "in some counties the average death toll was 60 percent of the total population", and that it was reasonable to expect a similar proportion of deaths at Tangshan since the magnitudes were similar (assuming that the intensity of ground-shaking was also similar), and "since construction standards for this rural area had not changed significantly" (Spignesi 2005, 47–48쪽). However, that premise is false: the large death toll in Shaanxi has been attributed to the yaodong style of construction peculiar to that region, where rooms, and entire buildings, are carved out of a thick layer of soft sediments (loess) that blankets the region, leaving walls of weak material similar to adobe to support the roof (Golany 1992, 7, 1쪽). Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 . Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 . Golany, Gideon S. (1992), 《Chinese Earth-Sheltered Dwellings: Indigenous Lessons for Modern Urban Design》, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1369-7 .
Malcolm 1977, 1쪽. Malcolm, Andrew H. (1977년 6월 2일), “Chinese Disclose That 1976 Quake Was Deadliest in Four Centuries”, 《New York Times》, 1쪽 .
Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함
Chen 등. 1988. Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .
Lin 1982 林[Lin], 泉 [Quan] (1982), 地球的震撼 [The Earth's Shock] (중국어), Beijing, China: 中国地震出版社 [Seismological Press] .
E.g.: Housner & He 2002, 17쪽, footnote. Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 편집. (2002), 〈Overview Volume〉 (PDF), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology . English translation of the Chinese report of 1986.
루시 존스 2020, 188쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
루시 존스 2020, 189쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
루시 존스 2020, 190쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
루시 존스 2020, 192-193쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
See also Jennings 1980, 64–67쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz 1978, 109–110쪽 Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 .
Lomnitz & Lomnitz (1978, 109쪽) mention "the Lungling and Yenyuen earthquakes, both accurately predicted". See also Jennings 1980 (p. 6) and Chen & Wang 2010 regarding the Sungpan—Pingwu (or Songpan) earthquake. Lomnitz, Cinna; Lomnitz, Larissa (1978년 1월 12일), “Tangshan 1976: a case history in earthquake prediction”, 《Nature》 271 (5641): 109–111, Bibcode:1978Natur.271..109L, doi:10.1038/271109a0 . Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Wang 등. 2006, 757쪽 Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Whitham 등. 1976, 268쪽. Whitham, K.; Berry, M.J.; Heidebrecht, A.C.; Kanasewich, E.R.; Milne, W.G (1976), “Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Geoscience Canada》 3 (4): 96, 263–268 .
Hammond 1976. Hammond, Allen L. (1976년 5월 7일), “Earthquakes: An evacuation in China, a warning in California”, 《Science》 192 (4239): 538–539, Bibcode:1976Sci...192..538H, doi:10.1126/science.192.4239.538, PMID 17745640 .
Wang 등. 2006, 779쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. (1977, 260쪽), quoting the Peking Review (1975, 20쪽), state: "The link between politics and earthquake prediction is well expressed by the following statement: 'This is eloquent proof that in socialist New China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party and by relying on the masses and professional seismological workers armed with Marxism – Leninism – Mao Tze-tung thought and preserving in practice and summing up experience conscientiously, not only can signs indicating an earthquake be observed but predictions and forecasts can be made and damage can be greatly minimized by doing a good job of precautionary work'." See also Cha (1976, 7쪽), attributing achievement of rapid progress to "the victory of our great proletarian cultural revolution. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. “Southern Liaoning: Results of earthquake prediction and forecasting” (PDF), 《Peking Review》 18 (12), 1975년 3월 21일, 20–21쪽 Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
From a Xinhua News Agency press release published in all major Chinese newspapers 13 March 1975, quoted in Wang 등. 2006, 781쪽. See also Chu 1976, 11쪽, quoted in Geller 1997, 434쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 . Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese). Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}.
Wang 등. 2006, 777쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 780쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Wang 등. 2006, 785쪽. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Kerr 1979, 543쪽. Kerr, Richard (1979년 11월 2일), “Prospects for Earthquake Prediction Wane”, 《Science》 206 (4418): 542–545, Bibcode:1979Sci...206..542K, doi:10.1126/science.206.4418.542, PMID 17759414 .
Jennings 1980, 6쪽; Geller 1997, 434쪽; ICEF 2011, 351쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 . Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review” (PDF), 《Geophysical Journal International》 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x ^{[깨진 링크]}. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Scholz 1997. Scholz, Christopher (March 1997), “What Ever Happened to Earthquake Prediction?”, 《Geotimes》 42 (3) .
Jennings 1980, 81쪽. Jennings, Paul C. (1980), 〈Chapter 4: Report on the Tangshan Earthquake〉, 《Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation》, National Academy of Sciences, 69–133쪽, ISBN 978-0-309-02937-7 .
Xie & Qu 2018, 5쪽. Xie, Lili; Qu, Zhe (January 2018), “On civil engineering disasters and their mitigation” (PDF), 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 17 (1): 1–10, Bibcode:2018EEEV...17....1X, doi:10.1007/s11803-018-0420-6, S2CID 116230669 .
루시 존스 2020, 204쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
Bo 2010, 279쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Bo 2010, 286쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Bo 2010, 281쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2847쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Bo 2010, 287쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Bo 2010, Chapter 7. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Bo 2010, 284쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2844쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Bo 2010, 282쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Bo 2010, 283쪽. Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
Peng 2008, 9쪽 Peng, Funan (June 2008), “The success of the prediction of Haicheng earthquake and the negligence of the Tangshan earthquake”, 《Engineering Sciences》 6 (2): 9–18, 2018년 8월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 8월 5일에 확인함 .
루시 존스 2020, 201쪽. 루시 존스 (2020년 4월 27일). 권예리; 홍태경, 편집. 《재난의 세계사》. 눌와. ISBN 979-11-89074-17-3.
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
Chen & Wang 2010, 2846쪽, citing a Chinese source. Chen, Qi-Fu; Wang, Kelin (November 2010), “The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Earthquake Prediction in China”, 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 100 (5B): 2840–2857, Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100.2840C, doi:10.1785/0120090314 .
ICEF 2011, 351쪽. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011년 5월 30일), “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”, 《Annals of Geophysics》 54 (4): 315–391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350, hdl:20.500.11820/6552f865-6e59-47f1-a5ec-b7446bfd1a82, S2CID 129825964 .
Wang 등. 2006, Appendix E has a concise description of the Cultural Revolution. Wang, Kelin; Chen, Qi-Fu; Sun, Shihong; Wang, Andong (June 2006), “Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake” (PDF), 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 96 (3): 757–795, Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96..757W, doi:10.1785/0120050191 .
Raleigh 등. 1977, 266쪽; Cha 1976, 7쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation. Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
Xiao 2013, 80쪽. Xiao, Yuefan (October 2013), 《The Politics of Crisis Management in China [dissertation]》 (PDF) .
Yeoh 2010, 273쪽; Xiao 2013, 208쪽. Yeoh, Emile Kok-Kheng (October 2010), “Changing China: Three Decades of Social Transformation”, 《International Journal of China Studies》 1 (2): 239–308, ISSN 2180-3250 . Xiao, Yuefan (October 2013), 《The Politics of Crisis Management in China [dissertation]》 (PDF) .
Raleigh 등. 1977, 258–259쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Raleigh 등. 1977, 259–260쪽. Raleigh, C. B.; Bennett, G.; Craig, H.; Hanks, T.; Molnar, P.; Nur, A.; Savage, J.; Scholz, C.; Turner, R.; Wu, F. (May 1977), “Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake”, 《Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union》 58 (5): 236–272, Bibcode:1977EOSTr..58..236., doi:10.1029/EO058i005p00236 .The Haicheng Earthquake Study Delegation.
Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. The initial estimates of 600,000 to 750,000 deaths were based on a faulty comparison with the Shaanxi earthquake. Spignesi 2005, 47–48쪽. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 .
Hou 등. 1998, 549쪽. Hou, Jian-Jun; Han, Mu-Kang; Chai, Bao-Long; Han, Heng-Yue (May 1998), “Geomorphological observations of active faults in the epicentral region of the Huaxian large earthquake in 1556 in Shaanxi Province, China”, 《Journal of Structural Geology》 20 (5): 549–557, Bibcode:1998JSG....20..549H, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00112-0 .
Wang 2007. Wang, Ru-diao (February 2007), “Questioning about that "830 Thousand People Died" in the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake”, 《Earthquake Research in Shanxi》 2: 42–46, ISSN 1000-6265, 2018년 12월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 12월 5일에 확인함 .
Wang, Cui & Liu 2002, 757쪽. Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .
Dong & Wang 2002. Dong, Guangjian; Wang, Yuren (2002), 〈Repair and Recovery of the Douhe Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 781–786쪽 .
Qian & Zhu 2002. Qian, Denggao; Zhu, Chendong (2002), 〈Emergency at the Baihe River Main Dam on the Miyuan Reservoir〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 787–791쪽 .
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Shen 2002; Wang, Cui & Liu 2002. Shen, Ersong (2002), 〈Repair of the Tangshan Municipal Water Supply System and Recovery of the Water Supply〉, Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 819–822쪽 . Wang, Zixing; Cui, Xifu; Liu, Keren (2002), 〈Disaster Relief After the Tangshan Earthquake〉 (PDF), Housner, George W.; He, Duxin, 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976》 3, Pasadena, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 747–764쪽 .

worldcat.org

Yeoh 2010, 273쪽; Xiao 2013, 208쪽. Yeoh, Emile Kok-Kheng (October 2010), “Changing China: Three Decades of Social Transformation”, 《International Journal of China Studies》 1 (2): 239–308, ISSN 2180-3250 . Xiao, Yuefan (October 2013), 《The Politics of Crisis Management in China [dissertation]》 (PDF) .
Wang 2007. Wang, Ru-diao (February 2007), “Questioning about that "830 Thousand People Died" in the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake”, 《Earthquake Research in Shanxi》 2: 42–46, ISSN 1000-6265, 2018년 12월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2018년 12월 5일에 확인함 .

xinhuanet.com

Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017; Chen 등. 1988 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .
Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함
Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017. The initial estimates of 600,000 to 750,000 deaths were based on a faulty comparison with the Shaanxi earthquake. Spignesi 2005, 47–48쪽. 唐山地震纪念墙上的新名字：每个名字，都是一块墓碑 [The new name on the Tangshan earthquake memorial wall: each name is a tombstone] (중국어), Xinhua News Agency, 2017년 7월 29일, 2019년 2월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2019년 2월 27일에 확인함 Spignesi, Stephen J. (2005), 〈Chapter 15: The 1976 Tangshan, China, Earthquake〉, 《Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time》, Citadel Press, ISBN 978-0-8065-2558-7 .