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Lihoreau, F.; Boisserie, J-R.; Manthi, F. K.; Ducrocq. S. (2015). “Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa”. 《Nature Communications》 6: 6264. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6264L. doi:10.1038/ncomms7264. PMID25710445.
Burney, David A.; Ramilisonina (1998). “The Kilopilopitsofy, Kidoky, and Bokyboky: Accounts of Strange Animals from Belo-sur-mer, Madagascar, and the Megafaunal "Extinction Window"”. 《American Anthropologist》 100 (4): 957–966. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.957. JSTOR681820.
Marshall, P. J.; Sayer, J. A. (1976). “Population ecology and response to cropping of a hippo population in eastern Zambia”. 《The Journal of Applied Ecology》 13 (2): 391–403. doi:10.2307/2401788. JSTOR2401788.
Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Tchernov, Eitan (1990). “Cultural and Environmental Implications of Hippopotamus Bone Remains in Archaeological Contexts in the Levant”. 《Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research》 280 (280): 67–76. doi:10.2307/1357310. JSTOR1357310. S2CID163871070.
Maust-Mohl, M; Soltis, J; Reiss, D (2018). “Underwater click train production by the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) suggests an echo-ranging function”. 《Behaviour》 155 (2–3): 231–251. doi:10.1163/1568539X-00003484. JSTOR26488527.
Okello, J. B. A.; Nyakaana, S.; Masembe, C.; Siegismund, H. R.; Arctander, P. (2005). “Mitochondrial DNA variation of the common hippopotamus: evidence for a recent population expansion.”. 《Heredity》 95 (3): 206–215. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800711. PMID16030528.
Lihoreau, F.; Boisserie, J-R.; Manthi, F. K.; Ducrocq. S. (2015). “Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa”. 《Nature Communications》 6: 6264. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6264L. doi:10.1038/ncomms7264. PMID25710445.
Grey, J.; Harper, D. M. (2002). “Using Stable Isotope Analyses To Identify Allochthonous Inputs to Lake Naivasha Mediated Via the Hippopotamus Gut”. 《Isotopes in Environmental Health Studies》 38 (4): 245–250. doi:10.1080/10256010208033269. PMID12725427. S2CID216152807.
Graham, L. H.; Reid, K.; Webster, T.; Richards, M.; Joseph, S. (2002). “Endocrine patterns associated with reproduction in the Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) as assessed by fecal progestagen analysis”. 《General and Comparative Endocrinology》 128 (1): 74–81. doi:10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00066-7. PMID12270790.
Coughlin, B. L.; Fish, F. E. (2009). “Hippopotamus underwater locomotion: Reduced-gravity movements for a massive mammal”. 《Journal of Mammalogy》 90 (3): 675–679. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-279R.1. S2CID51686926.
Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Tchernov, Eitan (1990). “Cultural and Environmental Implications of Hippopotamus Bone Remains in Archaeological Contexts in the Levant”. 《Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research》 280 (280): 67–76. doi:10.2307/1357310. JSTOR1357310. S2CID163871070.
Grey, J.; Harper, D. M. (2002). “Using Stable Isotope Analyses To Identify Allochthonous Inputs to Lake Naivasha Mediated Via the Hippopotamus Gut”. 《Isotopes in Environmental Health Studies》 38 (4): 245–250. doi:10.1080/10256010208033269. PMID12725427. S2CID216152807.
Inman, V. L.; Leggett, K. E. A. (2020). “Observations on the response of a pod of hippos to a dead juvenile hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius, Linnaeus 1758)”. 《African Journal of Ecology》 58 (1): 123–125. doi:10.1111/aje.12644. S2CID191169281.
Clark, J. D.; Beyene, Y.; WoldeGabriel, G.; Hart, W. K.; Renne, P. R.; Gilbert, H.; Defleur, A.; Suwa, G.; 외. (2003). “Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia”. 《Nature》 423 (6941): 747–752. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..747C. doi:10.1038/nature01670. PMID12802333. S2CID4312418.
Snyder, Kristen Denninger (2015년 12월 7일). “The Common Hippopotamus in the Wild and in Captivity: Conservation for Less Charismatic Species”. 《Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy》 18 (4): 337–354. doi:10.1080/13880292.2015.1096162. S2CID86295612.