"For Osterhammel, the essence of colonialism is the existence of colonies, which are by definition governed differently from other territories such as protectorates or informal spheres of influence." Tignor, Roger (2005). preface to Colonialism: a theoretical overview. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. x. ISBN1558763406, 9781558763401.
"uses the term 'colonialism' to describe the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia." Margaret Kohn (2006). "Colonialism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University.
"Given the difficulty of consistently distinguishing between the two terms, this entry will use colonialism as a broad concept that refers to the project of European political domination from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries that ended with the national liberation movements of the 1960s."
Margaret Kohn (2006). "Colonialism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University.
