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Earman, John (1999). Goenner, Hubert; Jürgen; Ritter, Jim; Sauer, Tilman (penyunting). The Penrose-Hawking Singularity Theorems: History and Implications – The expanding worlds of general relativity. The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity. Birk presentations of the fourth conference on the and gravitation. m/s. 235–267. Bibcode:1999ewgr.book..235E. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0639-2_7. ISBN978-1-4612-6850-5.
"Big Bang or Steady State?". Ideas of Cosmology. American Institute of Physics. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 June 2015. Dicapai pada 2015-07-29.