Gajah (Malay Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gajah" in Malay language version.

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44doi.org

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academia.edu

Lujan, E. R.; Bernabe, A. "Ivory and horn production in Mycenaean texts". Academia. Dicapai pada 22 January 2013.

anu.edu.au

arts.anu.edu.au

Grubb, P.; Groves, C. P.; Dudley J. P.; Shoshani, J. (2000). "Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)" (PDF). Elephant. 2 (4): 1–4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

archive.org

Maxwell, William George (1878). "Mantra Gajah". Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Straits Branch: 4.

asianelephantresearch.com

Somgrid, C. "Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Skeletal system". Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-06-13. Dicapai pada 21 September 2012.
Somgrid, C. "Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Special sense organs". Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-07-29. Dicapai pada 21 September 2012.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"How elephants 'snorkel'". BBC News. 31 August 2002. Dicapai pada 3 November 2012.
"Elephants kill endangered rhino". BBC News. 14 February 2000. Dicapai pada 5 October 2012.
"War veteran elephant dies". BBC News. 26 February 2003. Dicapai pada 8 January 2013.
"India elephant rampage". BBC News. 24 December 1998. Dicapai pada 16 June 2007.
"Drunken elephants trample village". BBC News. 21 October 1999. Dicapai pada 16 June 2007.
"Drunk elephants kill six people". BBC News. 17 December 2002. Dicapai pada 16 June 2007.

bbc.co.uk

"BBC Nature — Dung eater videos, news and facts". Bbc.co.uk. Dicapai pada 2011-11-27.

biologists.com

journals.biologists.com

Larom, D.; Garstang, M.; Payne, K.; Raspet, R.; Lindeque, M. (1997). "The influence of surface atmospheric conditions on the range and area reached by animal vocalizations". Journal of Experimental Biology. 200 (Pt 3): 421–31. PMID 9057305.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

books.google.com

Murray E. Fowler; Susan K. Mikota (2006). Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 353. ISBN 978-0-8138-0676-1.

brill.com

Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2023), "Lexical Influence from South Asia", dalam Klamer, Marian; Moro, Francesca (penyunting), Traces of Contact in the Lexicon, Brill, m/s. 39, ISBN 978-90-04-52893-2

chinadaily.com.cn

Zhuoqiong, W. (16 July 2005). "Tuskless elephants evolving thanks to poachers". China Daily. Dicapai pada 27 January 2013.

cubedeglace.com

regis.cubedeglace.com

Debruyne, R.; Van Holt, A.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P.; (2003). "Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de Biologie. 326 (7): 687–97. doi:10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00158-6. PMID 14556388.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Debruyne, R.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). "Mitochondrial cytochrome b of the Lyakhov mammoth (Proboscidea, Mammalia): new data and phylogenetic analyses of Elephantidae" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (3): 421–34. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00292-0. PMID 12644401.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

dailyrecord.com

Pickler, N. (4 March 2009). "Circus CEO says elephants are struck, but not hurt". Associated Press. Dicapai pada 25 October 2012.

dbp.gov.my

prpm.dbp.gov.my

"gajah". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.
"biram". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.
"leman". Kamus Dewan (ed. ke-4). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.

defra.gov.uk

randd.defra.gov.uk

Harris, M.; Sherwin, C.; Harris, S. (2008). "Defra final report on elephant welfare" (PDF). University of Bristol.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Harris, M.; Sherwin, C.; Harris, S. (10 November 2008). "Defra Final Report on Elephant Welfare" (PDF). University of Bristol. Dicapai pada 16 November 2011.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

doi.org

Kellogg, M.; Burkett, S.; Dennis, T. R.; Stone, G.; Gray, B. A.; McGuire, P. M.; Zori, R. T.; Stanyon, R. (2007). "Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata". Evolutionary Biology. 7: 6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-6.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). "Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. doi:10.1007/PL00006160. PMID 9089080.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shoshani, J.; Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). "Elephas maximus" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 182: 1–8. doi:10.2307/3504045. JSTOR 3504045.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fernando, P.; Vidya, T. N. C.; Payne, J.; Stuewe, M.; Davison, G.; Alfred, R. J.; Andau, P.; Bosi, E.; Kilbourn, A.; Melnick, D. J. (2003). "DNA analysis indicates that Asian Elephants are native to Borneo and are therefore a high priority for conservation". PLoS Biol. 1 (1): e6. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio,0000006. PMC 176546. PMID 12929206.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Laursen, L.; Bekoff, M. (1978). "Loxodonta africana" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 92 (92): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3503889. JSTOR 3503889. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-04-30. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Barnes, R. F. W.; Blom, A.; Alers M. P. T. (1995). "A review of the status of forest elephants Loxodonta africana in Central Africa". Biological Conservation. 71 (2): 125–32. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00014-H.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rohland, N.; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Pollack, Joshua L.; Slatkin, Montgomery; Matheus, Paul; Hofreiter, Michael (2007). "Proboscidean mitogenomics: chronology and mode of elephant evolution using mastodon as outgroup". PLoS Biology. 5 (8): e207. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207. PMC 1925134. PMID 17676977.
Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa". Science. 293 (5534): 1473–77. doi:10.1126/science.1059936. PMID 11520983.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Eggert, L. S.; Rasner, C. A.; Woodruff, D. S. (2002). "The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1504): 1993–2006. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2070.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Debruyne, R. (2005). "A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants". Cladistics. 21 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004,00044.x.
Rohland, N.; Reich, D.; Mallick, S.; Meyer, M.; Green, R. E.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L.; Hofreiter, M. (2010). Penny, David (penyunting). "Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants". PLoS Biology. 8 (12): e1000564. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564. PMC 3006346. PMID 21203580.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O.; Roca, A. L. (2011). Murphy, William J (penyunting). "Reconciling apparent conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in African elephants". PLoS ONE. 6 (6): e20642. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020642. PMC 3110795. PMID 21701575.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Eggert, L. S. Eggert, J. A. Woodruff, D. S. (2003). "Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 12 (6): 1389–1402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x. PMID 12755869.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Debruyne, R.; Van Holt, A.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P.; (2003). "Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de Biologie. 326 (7): 687–97. doi:10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00158-6. PMID 14556388.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gheerbrant, E. (2009). "Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). 106 (26): 10717–10721. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900251106. PMC 2705600. PMID 19549873.
Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T.; Zinner, D. (2006). "A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (46): 17296–301. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603689103.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shoshani, J. (1998). "Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 13 (12): 480–87. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8.
Debruyne, R.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). "Mitochondrial cytochrome b of the Lyakhov mammoth (Proboscidea, Mammalia): new data and phylogenetic analyses of Elephantidae" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (3): 421–34. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00292-0. PMID 12644401.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Noro, M.; Masuda, R.; Dubrovo, I. A.; Yoshida, M. C.; Kato, M. (1998). "Molecular phylogenetic inference of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, based on complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 46 (3): 314–26. doi:10.1007/PL00006308. PMID 9493356.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gross, L. (2006). "Reading the evolutionary history of the Woolly Mammoth in its mitochondrial genome". PLoS Biology. 4 (3): e74. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040074. PMC 1360100. PMID 20076539.
Vartanyan, S. L., Garutt, V. E., Sher, A. V. (1993). "Holocene dwarf mammoths from Wrangel Island in the Siberian Arctic". Nature. 362 (6418): 337–40. doi:10.1038/362337a0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yokoyama, S.; Takenaka, N.; Agnew, D. W.; Shoshani, J. (2005). "Elephants and human color-blind deuteranopes have identical sets of visual pigments". Genetics. 170 (1): 335–44. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.039511. PMC 1449733. PMID 15781694.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Byrne, R. W.; Bates, L.; Moss C. J. (2009). "Elephant cognition in primate perspective" (PDF). Comparative Cognition & Behavior Review. 4: 65–79. doi:10.3819/ccbr.2009.40009. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-05-20. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Reuter, T.; Nummela, S.; Hemilä, S. (1998). "Elephant hearing" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (2): 1122–23. doi:10.1121/1.423341. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2012-12-07. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Martin, F.; Niemitz C. (2003). ""Right-trunkers" and "left-trunkers": side preferences of trunk movements in wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 117 (4): 371–79. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.117.4.371. PMID 14717638.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Weissengruber, G. E.; Egger, G. F.; Hutchinson, J. R.; Groenewald, H. B.; Elsässer, L.; Famini, D.; Forstenpointner, G. (2006). "The structure of the cushions in the feet of African elephants (Loxodonta africana)". Journal of Anatomy. 209 (6): 781–92. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00648.x. PMC 2048995. PMID 17118065.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hutchinson, J. R.; Schwerda, D.; Famini, D. J.; Dale, R. H.; Fischer, M. S. Kram, R. (2006). "The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size". Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (19): 3812–27. doi:10.1242/jeb.02443. PMID 16985198.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Genin, J. J. Willems, P. A.; Cavagna, G. A.; Lair, R.; Heglund, N. C. (2010). "Biomechanics of locomotion in Asian elephants". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (5): 694–706. doi:10.1242/jeb.035436. PMID 20154184.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hutchinson, J. R.; Famini, D.; Lair, R.; Kram, R. (2003). "Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running?". Nature. 422 (6931): 493–94. doi:10.1038/422493a. PMID 12673241.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Siegel, J.M. (2005). "Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep". Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMID 16251951.
Campos-Arceiz, A.; Blake, S. (2011). "Mega-gardeners of the forest – the role of elephants in seed dispersal" (PDF). Acta Oecologica. 37 (6): 542–53. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Campos-Arceiz, A.; Traeholt, C.; Jaffar, R.; Santamaria, L.; Corlett, R. T. (2012). "Asian tapirs are no elephants when it comes to seed dispersal". Biotropica. 44 (2): 220–27. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00784.x.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Power, R. J.; Shem Compion, R. X. (2009). "Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Zoology. 44 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3377/004.044.0104.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
McComb, K.; Shannon, G.; Durant, S. M.; Sayialel, K.; Slotow, R.; Poole, J.; Moss, C. (2011). "Leadership in elephants: the adaptive value of age" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1722): 3270–76. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0168.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lueders, I.; Niemuller, C.; Rich, P.; Gray, C.; Hermes, R.; Goeritz, F.; Hildebrandt, T. B. (2012). "Gestating for 22 months: luteal development and pregnancy maintenance in elephants". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1743): 3687–96. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1038. PMC 3415912. PMID 22719030.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Payne, K.B.; Langbauer, W.R.; Thomas, E.M. (1986). "Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (4): 297–301. doi:10.1007/BF00300007.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
O'Connell-Rodwell, E.O. (2007). "Keeping an "ear" to the ground: seismic communication in elephants". Physiology. 22 (4): 287–94. doi:10.1152/physiol,00008.2007.
O'Connell-Rodwell C. E.; Arnason, B.; Hart, L. A. (2000). "Seismic properties of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) vocalizations and locomotion". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 108 (6): 3066–72. doi:10.1121/1.1323460. PMID 11144599.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
O'Connell-Rodwell, C. E.; Wood, J. D.; Rodwell, T. C.; Puria, S.; Partan, S. R.; Keefe, R.; Shriver, D.; Arnason, B. T.; Hart, L. A. (2006). "Wild elephant (Loxodonta africana) breeding herds respond to artificially transmitted seismic stimuli" (PDF). Behavioural and Ecological Sociobiology. 59 (6): 842–50. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0136-2.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Plotnik, J. M.; de Waal, F. B. M.; Reiss, D. (2006). "Self-recognition in an Asian elephant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–57. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rensch, B. (1957). "The intelligence of elephants". Scientific American. 196 (2): 44–49. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0257-44.
Hart, B. J.; Hart, L. A.; McCory, M.; Sarath, C. R. (2001). "Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching". Animal Behaviour. 62 (5): 839–47. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1815.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
McComb, K.; Baker, L.; Moss, C. (2006). "African elephants show high levels of interest in the skulls and ivory of their own species". Biology Letters. 2 (1): 26–28. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0400. PMC 1617198. PMID 17148317.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Bhallaa, S.; Wittemyera, G.; Vollratha, F. (2006). "Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch" (PDF). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 100 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2012-05-11. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

elephantdatabase.org

African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) (2013). "2012 Continental Totals ("2013 AFRICA" analysis)". Elephant Database. Dicapai pada February 27, 2014.

elephants.com

Sterm, A. (28 February 2005). "Elephant deaths at zoos reignite animal debate: Zoo supporters cite conservation, activists cite confined spaces". MSNBC/Reuters. Dicapai pada 24 October 2012.

elephanttag.org

Byrne, R. W.; Bates, L.; Moss C. J. (2009). "Elephant cognition in primate perspective" (PDF). Comparative Cognition & Behavior Review. 4: 65–79. doi:10.3819/ccbr.2009.40009. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-05-20. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

enn.com

"Elephants Evolve Smaller Tusks Due to Poaching". Environmental News Network. Dicapai pada 25 September 2012.

etymonline.com

Harper, D. "Elephant". Online Etymology Dictionary. Dicapai pada 25 October 2012.

fao.org

Bist, S. S.; Cheeran, J. V.; Choudhury, S.; Barua, P.; Misra, M. K. "The domesticated Asian elephant in India". Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Dicapai pada 25 December 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

google.com

Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea". Dalam Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (penyunting). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1 (ed. 3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. m/s. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

harpweek.com

"Cartoon of the Day: "The Third-Term Panic"". HarpWeek. Dicapai pada 1 September 2008.

huffingtonpost.com

Topper, R (15 October 2012). "Elephant Dung Coffee: World's Most Expensive Brew Is Made With Pooped-Out Beans". The Huffington Post. Dicapai pada 10 December 2012.

humanesociety.org

"Circus Myths: The true cruelty under the big top". Humane Society of the United States. 25 September 2009. Dicapai pada 24 October 2012.

ias.ac.in

Narasimhan, A. (2008). "Why do elephants have big ear flaps?" (PDF). Indian Academy of Sciences.

independent.co.uk

Huggler, J. (12 October 2006). "Animal Behaviour: Rogue Elephants". London: The Independent. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-05-14. Dicapai pada 16 June 2007.

iucnredlist.org

Choudhury, A.; Lahiri Choudhury, D. K.; Desai, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Easa, P. S.; Johnsingh, A. J. T.; Fernando, P.; Hedges, S.; Gunawardena, M.; Kurt, F.; Karanth, U.; Lister, A.; Menon, V.; Riddle, H.; Rübel, A.; Wikramanayake, E. (2008). "Elephas maximus". Senarai Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN Versi 2012.2. Kesatuan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Antarabangsa. Dicapai pada 2012-10-16.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

jstor.org

Shoshani, J.; Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). "Elephas maximus" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 182: 1–8. doi:10.2307/3504045. JSTOR 3504045.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Laursen, L.; Bekoff, M. (1978). "Loxodonta africana" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 92 (92): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3503889. JSTOR 3503889. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-04-30. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Benedict, F. G.; Lee, R. C. (1936). "The heart rate of the elephant". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 76 (3): 335–41. JSTOR 984548.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

kemdikbud.go.id

repositori.kemdikbud.go.id

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