(en) Michele Vescio; Alison Bennett, Mellem Rose, William Elm, Unpacking the Term Neuroqueer (mp3). QR Code. 3CR Radical Radio (28 juni 2019). Geraadpleegd op 14 maart 2023. "William Elm: In typical queer spaces, particularly clubs and other spaces that don’t have access needs for neurodivergent people such as quiet spaces or non-alcoholic spaces, I’ve always felt distanced from those spaces, especially places like queer open nights, that say that they’re all inclusive but then don’t have any sort of non-sensory spaces as well. I have to navigate through very neuro-typical and heteronormative spaces; I play in a lot of bars and a lot of venues that don’t even consider queer people, and don’t even consider non-binary people, and Trans people. There are still gendered bathrooms, even, and the spaces are very heteronormative and very strict on that, even though there’s an overwhelming statistical correlation between creativity, queerness and neuro-divergence; queer people have always been creative and we’ve always been a majority of the creative community and yet the spaces are continuing to not cater towards us."
advocate.com
(en) Gilchrest, Tracy E., Everything's Gonna Be Okay Shows 'Dual Spectrum' of Autism and LGBTQ Identities. The Advocate (LGBT magazine) (21 maart 2020). Gearchiveerd op 12 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Introducing a queer storyline for leading character Matilda puts Everything at the forefront in providing visibility for teens on the autism spectrum who also identify as LGBTQ, or "dual spectrum."
autiroze.nl
Ons verhaal. AutiRoze. Geraadpleegd op 24 juni 2023. "Met ‘belangenbehartiging’ bedoelen we: al onze acties die er op gericht zijn om LHBTI+ met autisme hun plek te laten vinden in de regenboog gemeenschap, de autisme gemeenschap en de samenleving als geheel. Hiermee bedoelen we ook mensen die AutiRoze nog nooit bezocht en zelfs mensen die nog nooit van AutiRoze gehoord hebben."
autivisme.nl
Rosalie Ekstein, Autigender [Gender]. Autivisme (8 januari 2021). Geraadpleegd op 2 mei 2023. "Autigender betekend [sic] dat de genderidentiteit samenhangt met autistisch zijn. Het is onderdeel van ‘neurogender’: wanneer je gender samenhangt met neurodivergentie, mentale aandoening of neurologische conditie."
Rosalie Ekstein, Genderbias bij autisme en heteronormativiteit. Autivisme (10 november 2020). Geraadpleegd op 2 mei 2023. "Relevant om te vermelden is dat gender een sociaal construct is. Ook ik ben opgegroeid met het idee dat er alleen mannen en vrouwen bestaan."
(en) Bertelli, Marco O., Azeem, Muhammad Waqar; Underwood, Lisa; Scattoni, Maria Luisa; Persico, Antonio M.; Ricciardello, Arianna; Sappok, Tanja; Bergmann, Thomas; Keller, Roberto (2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder; Textbook of Psychiatry for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Springer International Publishing. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_16. ISBN 978-3-319-95720-3. Geraadpleegd op 8 juni 2022 "Persons with [autism spectrum disorder] and/or other neurodevelopmental problems are more likely than the general population to have transgender identity, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, and other gender non-conformities."
(en) Hoffmann, Ada (11 juni 2019). The Outside. Watkins Media Limited. ISBN 978-0-85766-814-1 "Autistic scientist Yasira Shien has developed a radical new energy drive that could change the future of humanity. But when she activates it, reality warps, destroying the space station and everyone aboard."
(en) Lord, Catherine, Charman, Tony; Havahl, Alexandra; Carbone, Paul; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Boyd, Brian; Carr, Themba; De Vries, Petrus J.; Dissanayake, Cheryl; Divan, Gauri; Freitag, Christine (2022-01). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet 399 (10321): 299. ISSN:0140-6736. PMID: 34883054. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5. "Gender non-conformity, or gender variance, including transgender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation, is more common in autistic individuals (and those with other neurodevelopmental conditions) than in the general population. This difference might be part of a different concept of self, less reliance on or reference to social norms, or part of a neurodiverse lived experience of (and outlook on) the world."
(en) Graham Holmes, Laura, Ames, Jennifer L.; Massolo, Maria L.; Nunez, Denise M.; Croen, Lisa A. (1 april 2022). Improving the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Health Care of Autistic People. Pediatrics (149): e2020049437J. ISSN:0031-4005. PMID: 35363286. DOI:10.1542/peds.2020-049437J. "A substantial proportion of autistic adolescents and adults are LGBTQIA+. Autistic people are more likely to be transgender or gender nonconforming compared with non-autistic people, and findings from a recent autism registry study suggest that among autistic people able to self-report on a survey, up to 18% of men and 43% of women may be sexual minorities."
(en) Bush, Hillary H., Williams, Lindsey W., Mendes, Eva (2021-02). Brief Report: Asexuality and Young Women on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51 (2): 725–733. ISSN:0162-3257. DOI:10.1007/s10803-020-04565-6. "In the present sample, asexual participants reported less sexual desire and fewer sexual behaviors than those with other sexual orientations, but greater sexual satisfaction. Being on the asexual spectrum also was associated with lower generalized anxiety symptoms."
(en) Pecora, Laura (1 maart 2021). Sexuality and Gender Issues in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan Part II 44 (1): 111-124. ISSN:0193-953X. PMID: 33526233. DOI:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.009. "Females with ASD also present with greater diversity in their sexuality, and are less likely to identify with their sex assigned at birth, and with a heterosexual sexual orientation than males with autism and typically developing females."
(en) Weir, Elizabeth, Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2021). The sexual health, orientation, and activity of autistic adolescents and adults. Autism Research 14 (11): 2342-2354. ISSN:1939-3806. DOI:10.1002/aur.2604.
(en) Schöttle, Daniel, Briken, Peer; Tüscher, Oliver; Turner, Daniel (2017-12). Sexuality in autism: hypersexual and paraphilic behavior in women and men with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 19 (4): 381–393. PMID: 29398933. PMC: 5789215. DOI:10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.4/dschoettle. "These studies suggest that many individuals with ASD seek sexual and romantic relationships similar to the non-ASD population and have the entire spectrum of sexual experiences and behaviors. However, there are still many stereotypes and societal beliefs about individuals with ASD, referring to them as uninterested in social and romantic relationships and as being asexual."
(en) Sala, Giorgia, Pecora, Laura; Hooley, Merrilyn; Stokes, Mark (1 juni 2020). As Diverse as the Spectrum Itself: Trends in Sexuality, Gender and Autism. Current Developmental Disorders 7 (2). ISSN:2196-2987. DOI:10.1007/s40474-020-00190-1. "After many years of misinformation, it is now recognised that most autistic people are interested in romance and sexuality. There is growing awareness of reduced heterosexuality and increased diversity and dysphoria in gender identity in autistic people, and initial clinical guidelines for the potential co-occurrence of autism and gender dysphoria are emerging."
(en) Cooper, Kate, Smith, Laura G.E.; Russell, Ailsa J. (18 april 2018). Gender Identity in Autism: Sex Differences in Social Affiliation with Gender Groups. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 48 (12): 3995–4006. PMID: 29705922. PMC: 6223803. DOI:10.1007/s10803-018-3590-1. "High rates of gender variance have been reported in autistic people, with higher variance in autistic females than males. The social component of gender identity may be affected, with autistic females experiencing lower identification with and feeling less positively about their gender groups than controls."
(en) De Vries, A.L.C, Noens, I.L.J., Cohen-Kettenis, P.T.; Berckelaer-Onnes, I.A.V.; Doreleijers, T.A. (22 januari 2010). Autism Spectrum Disorders in Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 40 (8): 930–936. PMID: 20094764. PMC: 2904453. DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9. "The incidence of 7.8% ASD in gender identity clinic referred children and adolescents is ten times higher than the prevalence of 0.6–1% of ASD in the general population. This important finding confirms the clinical impression that ASD occurs more frequently in gender dysphoric individuals than expected by chance."
(en) Van Der Miesen, Anna I.R., Hurley, Hannah; De Vries, Annelou L.C. (2 januari 2016). Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. International Review of Psychiatry 28 (1): 70-80. ISSN:0954-0261. PMID: 26753812. DOI:10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199. "Various underlying hypotheses for the link between GD and ASD were suggested, but almost all of them lack evidence."
(en) Tateno, M., Tateno, Y.; Saito, T. (14 april 2008). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Child: Care, Health & Development 42 (2): 248. PMID: 18412849. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x.
(en) Strang, J., Kenworthy, L.; Dominska, A.; Sokoloff, J.; Kenealy, L.E.; Bearl, M.; Walsh, K. Menvielle, E.; Slesaransky-Poe, G.; Kim, K.E.; Luong-Tran, C.; Meagher, H.; Wallace, G.L. (12 maart 2014). Increased Gender Variance in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior 43 (8): 1525-1533. PMID: 20094764. PMC: 2904453. DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9.
(en) Janssen, A., Huang, H.; Duncan, C. (18 februari 2019). Gender Variance Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Chart Review. Transgender Health 1 (1): 63-68. PMC: 5367474. DOI:10.1089/trgh.2015.0007. "The subjects diagnosed with ASD were 7.76 times more likely to report GV than the CBCL sample. This finding was statistically significant."
(en) Murphy, J., Prentice, F.; Walsh, R.; Catmur, C.; Bird, G. (2020-01). Autism and transgender identity: Implications for depression and anxiety. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 69 (101466): 101466. DOI:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101466. "Autistic traits are over-represented in transgender populations, and gender variance is high in autistic individuals."
(en) Jones, R.M., Weelwright, S.; Farrell, K.; Martin, E.; Green, R.; Di Ceglie, D.; Baron-Cohen, S. (30 maart 2011). Brief report: female-to-male transsexual people and autistic traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42 (2): 301–6. PMID: 21448752. DOI:10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8. "Transmen have more autistic traits and may have had difficulty socializing with female peers and thus found it easier to identify with male peer groups."
(en) Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M.; Weir, E.; Buckingham, C.; Smith, Paula; Lai, M.C.; Allison, C.; Baron-Cohen, S. (7 augustus 2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Nature Communications 11 (3959): 3959. PMID: 32770077. PMC: 7415151. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1. "Compared to cisgender individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals have, on average, higher rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses. For both autistic and non-autistic individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals score, on average, higher on self-report measures of autistic traits, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity, and, on average, lower on self-report measures of empathy."
(en) Williams, Patricia Gall, Allard, Anna Mary; Sears, Lonnie (1996-12). Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 26 (6): 635–642. ISSN:0162-3257. PMID: 8986849. DOI:10.1007/BF02172352. "Persons with autism frequently exhibit circumscribed interests and unusual preoccupations. In this case study, two young males with autism are presented who have preoccupations with feminine gender-stereotyped activities and objects. These types of preoccupations in children with autism have not been reported in the literature, but may be more prevalent than realized due to parental underreporting given the negative stigma associated with feminine interests in young boys."
(en) Tateno, Masaru, Tateno, Yukie; Saito, Toshikazu (2008-04). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 62 (2): 238. ISSN:1323-1316. PMID: 18412849. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x. "IN AUTISTIC PSYCHOPATHY, Hans Asperger described that ‘the autistic personality is an extreme variant of male intelligence’.1 Consistent with this notion, Baron-Cohen proposed the ‘extreme male brain theory of autism’.2 By quoting this theory, gender dysphoria in female subjects with Asperger syndrome (AS) could be explained logically. But a literature search yielded no boys with AS and gender identity disorder (GID). Hereby we present such a case."
(en) Gallucci, Gerard, Hackerman, Florence; Schmidt, Chester W. (2005-03). Gender Identity Disorder in an Adult Male with Asperger's Syndrome. Sexuality and Disability 23 (1): 35–40. ISSN:0146-1044. DOI:10.1007/s11195-004-2078-4. "The interaction of both conditions and possible relationship with obsessive traits or obsessive compulsive disorder may provide a better understanding of a possible linkage between the two disorders and support more rationale treatment approaches."
(en) VanderLaan, Doug, Postema, Lori; Wood, Hayley; Singh, Devita; Fantus, Sophia; Hyun, Jessica; Leef, Jonathan; Bradley, Susan J.; Zucker, Kenneth J. (12 februari 2015). Do Children With Gender Dysphoria Have Intense/Obsessional Interests?. The Journal of Sex Research 52 (2): 213–219. ISSN:0022-4499. PMID: 24558954. DOI:10.1080/00224499.2013.860073. "The findings for Item 9 support the idea that children with GD show an elevation in obsessional interests. For gender-referred boys in particular, gender-related themes constituted more than half of the examples provided by their mothers. Intense/obsessional interests in children with GD may be one of the factors underlying the purported link between GD and ASD."
(en) (20 mei 2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . DOI:10.1007/S10803-022-05517-Y. "This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation."
(en) Shumer, D.E., Reisner, S.L.; Edwards-Leeper, L.; Tishelman, A. (1 oktober 2016). Evaluation of Asperger Syndrome in Youth Presenting to a Gender Dysphoria Clinic. LGBT Health 88 (5): 81–3. PMID: 26651183. PMC: 5073215. DOI:10.1089/lgbt.2015.0070. "These findings are consistent with growing evidence supporting increased prevalence of ASD in gender dysphoric children. To guide provision of optimal clinical care and therapeutic intervention, routine assessment of ASD is recommended in youth presenting for gender dysphoria."
(en) Kaltiala-Heino, R., Sumia, M.; Työläjärvi, M.; Lindberg, N. (9 april 2015). Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 9 (9): 9. PMID: 25873995. PMC: 4396787. DOI:10.1186/s13034-015-0042-y. "The findings do not fit the commonly accepted image of a gender dysphoric minor. Treatment guidelines need to consider gender dysphoria in minors in the context of severe psychopathology and developmental difficulties."
(en) Cooper
, Kate, Mandy, William; Russell, Ailsa; Butler, Catherine (14 april 2022). Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria. Autism 27 (1): 31-42. PMID: 35285287. PMC: 9806459. DOI:10.1177/13623613221080315. "The second overarching theme was mismatch of patient and clinician communication styles and goals, with three subthemes: (a) different communication of gender needs; (b) changing clinical sessions to overcome barriers; (c) tension between clinician and patient aims and thinking styles. We conclude that autism adaptations should be made in gender settings, by increasing clinician understanding of how autism and gender dysphoria can intersect, as well as by making adjustments to clinic processes."
(en) Coleman, E., et al. (19 augustus 2022). Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health 23 (Suppl 1): S36,S37,S49,S70. ISSN:2689-5269. PMID: 36238954. PMC: 9553112. DOI:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644. "There is no evidence
to suggest a benefit of withholding GAMSTs from TGD people who have gender incongruence simply on the basis that they have a mental health or neurodevelopmental condition. [...] 7.3- We recommend health care professionals working with gender diverse children receive training and develop expertise in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodiversity or collaborate with an expert with relevant expertise when working with autistic/neurodivergent, gender diverse children."
(en) Kung, Karston T.F. (2023). Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . PMID: 36652125. DOI:10.1007/s10803-022-05875-7. "Autistic traits positively correlated with internalised transphobia in the non-binary groups. In general, higher autistic traits and gender minority stress correlated with poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for gender minority stress, autistic traits accounted for additional variance of suicidality across gender minority groups, anxiety symptoms in the non-binary groups, and all mental health outcomes in non-binary AFAB."
(en) Egner, Justine E. (februari 2019). "The Disability Rights Community Was Never Mine": Neuroqueer Disidentification. GENDER & SOCIETY Vol 33, 2019, No. 1: 123-147. DOI:10.1177/0891243218803284. "Neuroqueer is a collaboration of activists, academics, and bloggers engaging
in online community building. Neuroqueer requires those who engage in it to disidentify from both oppressive dominant and counterculture identities that perpetuate destructive medical model discourses of cure. It is a queer/crip response to discussions about gender, sexuality, and disability as pathology that works to deconstruct normative identity categories."
(en) Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M., Weir, E. et al. (7 augustus 2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Nature Nat Commun 11 (3959). DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1. "It is unclear whether transgender and gender-diverse individuals have elevated rates of autism diagnosis or traits related to autism compared to cisgender individuals in large non-clinic-based cohorts. To investigate this, we use five independently recruited cross-sectional datasets consisting of 641,860 individuals who completed information on gender, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses including autism, and measures of traits related to autism (self-report measures of autistic traits, empathy, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity). Compared to cisgender individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals have, on average, higher rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses. For both autistic and non-autistic individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals score, on average, higher on self-report measures of autistic traits, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity, and, on average, lower on self-report measures of empathy. The results may have clinical implications for improving access to mental health care and tailoring adequate support for transgender and gender-diverse individuals."
doi.org
(en) Bertelli, Marco O., Azeem, Muhammad Waqar; Underwood, Lisa; Scattoni, Maria Luisa; Persico, Antonio M.; Ricciardello, Arianna; Sappok, Tanja; Bergmann, Thomas; Keller, Roberto (2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder; Textbook of Psychiatry for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Springer International Publishing. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_16. ISBN 978-3-319-95720-3. Geraadpleegd op 8 juni 2022 "Persons with [autism spectrum disorder] and/or other neurodevelopmental problems are more likely than the general population to have transgender identity, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, and other gender non-conformities."
(en) Gender Dysphoria. American Psychiatric Publishing. Geraadpleegd op 13 april 2016.
equality-network.org
(en) Alison, Rowan, Verardi, James H. (2021). Including Asexual People in Services. Equality Network "In a survey of asexual people 7-8% of respondents had been diagnosed with autism which compares to 1% of the general population. Conversely, 26-33% of autistic people appear to be asexual."
heidicullinan.com
(en) Carry the Ocean. Official website of Heidi Cullinan. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "High school graduate Jeremey Samson is looking forward to burying his head under the covers and sleeping until it’s time to leave for college. Then a tornado named Emmet Washington enters his life. The young man with a double major in math and computer science is handsome, forward, wicked smart, interested in dating Jeremey—and he has autism."
hollywoodreporter.com
(en) White, Abbey, 'Dead End: Paranormal Park' Creator Hamish Steele on Crafting the Animated YA LGBTQ-Inclusive Horror Series. The Hollywood Reporter (21 mei 2023). Gearchiveerd op 17 juni 2022. Geraadpleegd op 19 juni 2022. "Long story short, I was diagnosed with autism during the show's production, basically, thanks to Norma, because I was just writing my experiences...I think for a possible season two, the focus would shift a degree towards Norma and balance that out."
issuu.com
(en) Cullinan, Heidi (2015-06). Representing autism and romantic orientation in fiction. Spectrums Magazine : 10-11 "There are absolutely works of fiction featuring people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but not many, and not nearly enough with positive, affirming representations. Finding romances featuring adults with autism is even more difficult. Romances featuring characters with autism and who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender? Very rare indeed. I wrote a novel featuring a hero who is gay and has autism, and the germ for that idea came from several sources."
(en) The Autlaw, Is Autigender Informed by Social Dysphoria?. Medium (26 juli 2022). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "Studies have shown that people who do not identify with their gender assigned at birth are 3 to 6 times more likely to be autistic. Therefore, there is a larger population of autistic people who identify as transgender and/or nonbinary than the number of allistic people who do."
(en) The Autlaw, Is Autigender Informed by Social Dysphoria?. Medium (26 juli 2022). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "Some transgender autistic people identify with the opposite side of the binary than their assigned gender at birth, but for some nonbinary or genderqueer autistic people, the gender binary which is mostly a social construct feels forced and arbitrary because how they feel internally does not jibe with their assigned gender at birth."
(en) The Autlaw, Is Autigender Informed by Social Dysphoria?. Medium (26 juli 2022). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "As autistic people, we also do not always understand or want to follow allistic social constructs, especially ones that are not logical, not based on facts, or which make no sense to us"
(en) The Autlaw, Is Autigender Informed by Social Dysphoria?. Medium (26 juli 2022). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "My gender identity cannot be untangled from my autism or my experience of being autistic because it has shaped how I think and feel about everything, including gender. The two are inextricably linked, making me, and many autistic people like me, autigender."
menshealth.com
(en) Susanna Weiss, Are You Autigender? Here's What It Means, and How to Tell. Men's Health (18 november 2022). Geraadpleegd op 2 mei 2023. "Autigender identifies that an autistic person thinks about and relates to their gender label—or lack of gender label—in the context of autism."
nature.com
(en) Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M., Weir, E. et al. (7 augustus 2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Nature Nat Commun 11 (3959). DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1. "It is unclear whether transgender and gender-diverse individuals have elevated rates of autism diagnosis or traits related to autism compared to cisgender individuals in large non-clinic-based cohorts. To investigate this, we use five independently recruited cross-sectional datasets consisting of 641,860 individuals who completed information on gender, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses including autism, and measures of traits related to autism (self-report measures of autistic traits, empathy, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity). Compared to cisgender individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals have, on average, higher rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses. For both autistic and non-autistic individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals score, on average, higher on self-report measures of autistic traits, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity, and, on average, lower on self-report measures of empathy. The results may have clinical implications for improving access to mental health care and tailoring adequate support for transgender and gender-diverse individuals."
netflix.com
about.netflix.com
(en) Quirky, Spooky and Hilarious World Of 'DeadEndia' Comes To Netflix In A New Animated Series. Netflix Media Center (2 juli 2020). Gearchiveerd op 13 augustus 2020. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Hamish Steele: “DeadEndia is about terrifying demons, vengeful ghosts and mysterious magic. It is also about coming of age in a world that wasn’t made for you. It’s a drama about found family, identity and making mistakes. And of course it’s a laugh out loud comedy! I’ve always dreamed of making the show I needed as a lonely, horror-obsessed closeted gay kid and thanks to Netflix and our ridiculously talented, diverse and representative writers room and crew, we have shot way past my dreams and into wildest fantasy territory!”"
neuroelfje.nl
Jopie Louwe Kooijmans, Autisme en gender. NeuroElfje - Neurodiversiteit en activisme (27 april 2021). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "Er zijn ook autisten bij wie hun autisme hun gender dusdanig beïnvloedt dat deze twee niet los gezien kunnen worden. In dat geval zijn ze dus onlosmakelijk verbonden met elkaar. Dit wordt ook wel autigender genoemd. Niet alle genderdiverse of transgender autisten identificeren zich als autigender."
neuroqueer.com
(en) Walker, Nick (29 november 2021). Neuroqueer Heresies. Neuroqueer. ISBN 978-1-945955-26-6. Geraadpleegd op 13 maart 2023 "I coined the term neuroqueer in a paper I wrote for a grad school class in the Spring of 2008. Over the next several years, I played with it in further grad school papers, in private conversations, and in the ongoing development of my own thoughts and practices. The concept of neuroqueer, or of neuroqueering (I’ve always seen it as a verb first and an adjective second), increasingly came to inform my thinking, my embodiment, and my approach to life."
(en) Walker, Nick, Neuroqueer: An Introduction (2021). Geraadpleegd op 13 maart 2023. "And, just like queer, the adjective form of neuroqueer can also serve as a label of social identity. One can neuroqueer, and one can be neuroqueer. A neuroqueer individual is any individual whose identity, selfhood, gender performance, and/or neurocognitive style have in some way been shaped by their engagement in practices of neuroqueering, regardless of what gender, sexual orientation, or style of neurocognitive functioning they may have been born with. Or, to put it more concisely (but perhaps more confusingly): you’re neuroqueer if you neuroqueer. So what does it mean to neuroqueer, as a verb? What are the various practices that fall within the definition of neuroqueering?"
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
(en) Lord, Catherine, Charman, Tony; Havahl, Alexandra; Carbone, Paul; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Boyd, Brian; Carr, Themba; De Vries, Petrus J.; Dissanayake, Cheryl; Divan, Gauri; Freitag, Christine (2022-01). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet 399 (10321): 299. ISSN:0140-6736. PMID: 34883054. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5. "Gender non-conformity, or gender variance, including transgender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation, is more common in autistic individuals (and those with other neurodevelopmental conditions) than in the general population. This difference might be part of a different concept of self, less reliance on or reference to social norms, or part of a neurodiverse lived experience of (and outlook on) the world."
(en) Graham Holmes, Laura, Ames, Jennifer L.; Massolo, Maria L.; Nunez, Denise M.; Croen, Lisa A. (1 april 2022). Improving the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Health Care of Autistic People. Pediatrics (149): e2020049437J. ISSN:0031-4005. PMID: 35363286. DOI:10.1542/peds.2020-049437J. "A substantial proportion of autistic adolescents and adults are LGBTQIA+. Autistic people are more likely to be transgender or gender nonconforming compared with non-autistic people, and findings from a recent autism registry study suggest that among autistic people able to self-report on a survey, up to 18% of men and 43% of women may be sexual minorities."
(en) Pecora, Laura (1 maart 2021). Sexuality and Gender Issues in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan Part II 44 (1): 111-124. ISSN:0193-953X. PMID: 33526233. DOI:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.009. "Females with ASD also present with greater diversity in their sexuality, and are less likely to identify with their sex assigned at birth, and with a heterosexual sexual orientation than males with autism and typically developing females."
(en) Schöttle, Daniel, Briken, Peer; Tüscher, Oliver; Turner, Daniel (2017-12). Sexuality in autism: hypersexual and paraphilic behavior in women and men with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 19 (4): 381–393. PMID: 29398933. PMC: 5789215. DOI:10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.4/dschoettle. "These studies suggest that many individuals with ASD seek sexual and romantic relationships similar to the non-ASD population and have the entire spectrum of sexual experiences and behaviors. However, there are still many stereotypes and societal beliefs about individuals with ASD, referring to them as uninterested in social and romantic relationships and as being asexual."
(en) Cooper, Kate, Smith, Laura G.E.; Russell, Ailsa J. (18 april 2018). Gender Identity in Autism: Sex Differences in Social Affiliation with Gender Groups. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 48 (12): 3995–4006. PMID: 29705922. PMC: 6223803. DOI:10.1007/s10803-018-3590-1. "High rates of gender variance have been reported in autistic people, with higher variance in autistic females than males. The social component of gender identity may be affected, with autistic females experiencing lower identification with and feeling less positively about their gender groups than controls."
(en) De Vries, A.L.C, Noens, I.L.J., Cohen-Kettenis, P.T.; Berckelaer-Onnes, I.A.V.; Doreleijers, T.A. (22 januari 2010). Autism Spectrum Disorders in Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 40 (8): 930–936. PMID: 20094764. PMC: 2904453. DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9. "The incidence of 7.8% ASD in gender identity clinic referred children and adolescents is ten times higher than the prevalence of 0.6–1% of ASD in the general population. This important finding confirms the clinical impression that ASD occurs more frequently in gender dysphoric individuals than expected by chance."
(en) Van Der Miesen, Anna I.R., Hurley, Hannah; De Vries, Annelou L.C. (2 januari 2016). Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. International Review of Psychiatry 28 (1): 70-80. ISSN:0954-0261. PMID: 26753812. DOI:10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199. "Various underlying hypotheses for the link between GD and ASD were suggested, but almost all of them lack evidence."
(en) Tateno, M., Tateno, Y.; Saito, T. (14 april 2008). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Child: Care, Health & Development 42 (2): 248. PMID: 18412849. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x.
(en) Strang, J., Kenworthy, L.; Dominska, A.; Sokoloff, J.; Kenealy, L.E.; Bearl, M.; Walsh, K. Menvielle, E.; Slesaransky-Poe, G.; Kim, K.E.; Luong-Tran, C.; Meagher, H.; Wallace, G.L. (12 maart 2014). Increased Gender Variance in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior 43 (8): 1525-1533. PMID: 20094764. PMC: 2904453. DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9.
(en) Janssen, A., Huang, H.; Duncan, C. (18 februari 2019). Gender Variance Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Chart Review. Transgender Health 1 (1): 63-68. PMC: 5367474. DOI:10.1089/trgh.2015.0007. "The subjects diagnosed with ASD were 7.76 times more likely to report GV than the CBCL sample. This finding was statistically significant."
(en) Jones, R.M., Weelwright, S.; Farrell, K.; Martin, E.; Green, R.; Di Ceglie, D.; Baron-Cohen, S. (30 maart 2011). Brief report: female-to-male transsexual people and autistic traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42 (2): 301–6. PMID: 21448752. DOI:10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8. "Transmen have more autistic traits and may have had difficulty socializing with female peers and thus found it easier to identify with male peer groups."
(en) Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M.; Weir, E.; Buckingham, C.; Smith, Paula; Lai, M.C.; Allison, C.; Baron-Cohen, S. (7 augustus 2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Nature Communications 11 (3959): 3959. PMID: 32770077. PMC: 7415151. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1. "Compared to cisgender individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals have, on average, higher rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses. For both autistic and non-autistic individuals, transgender and gender-diverse individuals score, on average, higher on self-report measures of autistic traits, systemizing, and sensory sensitivity, and, on average, lower on self-report measures of empathy."
(en) Williams, Patricia Gall, Allard, Anna Mary; Sears, Lonnie (1996-12). Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 26 (6): 635–642. ISSN:0162-3257. PMID: 8986849. DOI:10.1007/BF02172352. "Persons with autism frequently exhibit circumscribed interests and unusual preoccupations. In this case study, two young males with autism are presented who have preoccupations with feminine gender-stereotyped activities and objects. These types of preoccupations in children with autism have not been reported in the literature, but may be more prevalent than realized due to parental underreporting given the negative stigma associated with feminine interests in young boys."
(en) Tateno, Masaru, Tateno, Yukie; Saito, Toshikazu (2008-04). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 62 (2): 238. ISSN:1323-1316. PMID: 18412849. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x. "IN AUTISTIC PSYCHOPATHY, Hans Asperger described that ‘the autistic personality is an extreme variant of male intelligence’.1 Consistent with this notion, Baron-Cohen proposed the ‘extreme male brain theory of autism’.2 By quoting this theory, gender dysphoria in female subjects with Asperger syndrome (AS) could be explained logically. But a literature search yielded no boys with AS and gender identity disorder (GID). Hereby we present such a case."
(en) VanderLaan, Doug, Postema, Lori; Wood, Hayley; Singh, Devita; Fantus, Sophia; Hyun, Jessica; Leef, Jonathan; Bradley, Susan J.; Zucker, Kenneth J. (12 februari 2015). Do Children With Gender Dysphoria Have Intense/Obsessional Interests?. The Journal of Sex Research 52 (2): 213–219. ISSN:0022-4499. PMID: 24558954. DOI:10.1080/00224499.2013.860073. "The findings for Item 9 support the idea that children with GD show an elevation in obsessional interests. For gender-referred boys in particular, gender-related themes constituted more than half of the examples provided by their mothers. Intense/obsessional interests in children with GD may be one of the factors underlying the purported link between GD and ASD."
(en) Shumer, D.E., Reisner, S.L.; Edwards-Leeper, L.; Tishelman, A. (1 oktober 2016). Evaluation of Asperger Syndrome in Youth Presenting to a Gender Dysphoria Clinic. LGBT Health 88 (5): 81–3. PMID: 26651183. PMC: 5073215. DOI:10.1089/lgbt.2015.0070. "These findings are consistent with growing evidence supporting increased prevalence of ASD in gender dysphoric children. To guide provision of optimal clinical care and therapeutic intervention, routine assessment of ASD is recommended in youth presenting for gender dysphoria."
(en) Van Schalkwyk, G.I., Klingensmith, K.; Volkmar, F.R. (4 maart 2015). Gender identity and autism spectrum disorders. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 88 (1): 81–3. PMID: 25744543. PMC: 4345542 "Individuals with ASD should enjoy equal rights with regard to treatment for gender dysphoria. Clinicians may be able to assist individuals in understanding this aspect of their identity by broadening the social frame and facilitating an exploration of gender roles."
(en) Kaltiala-Heino, R., Sumia, M.; Työläjärvi, M.; Lindberg, N. (9 april 2015). Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 9 (9): 9. PMID: 25873995. PMC: 4396787. DOI:10.1186/s13034-015-0042-y. "The findings do not fit the commonly accepted image of a gender dysphoric minor. Treatment guidelines need to consider gender dysphoria in minors in the context of severe psychopathology and developmental difficulties."
(en) Cooper
, Kate, Mandy, William; Russell, Ailsa; Butler, Catherine (14 april 2022). Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria. Autism 27 (1): 31-42. PMID: 35285287. PMC: 9806459. DOI:10.1177/13623613221080315. "The second overarching theme was mismatch of patient and clinician communication styles and goals, with three subthemes: (a) different communication of gender needs; (b) changing clinical sessions to overcome barriers; (c) tension between clinician and patient aims and thinking styles. We conclude that autism adaptations should be made in gender settings, by increasing clinician understanding of how autism and gender dysphoria can intersect, as well as by making adjustments to clinic processes."
(en) Coleman, E., et al. (19 augustus 2022). Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health 23 (Suppl 1): S36,S37,S49,S70. ISSN:2689-5269. PMID: 36238954. PMC: 9553112. DOI:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644. "There is no evidence
to suggest a benefit of withholding GAMSTs from TGD people who have gender incongruence simply on the basis that they have a mental health or neurodevelopmental condition. [...] 7.3- We recommend health care professionals working with gender diverse children receive training and develop expertise in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodiversity or collaborate with an expert with relevant expertise when working with autistic/neurodivergent, gender diverse children."
(en) Kung, Karston T.F. (2023). Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . PMID: 36652125. DOI:10.1007/s10803-022-05875-7. "Autistic traits positively correlated with internalised transphobia in the non-binary groups. In general, higher autistic traits and gender minority stress correlated with poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for gender minority stress, autistic traits accounted for additional variance of suicidality across gender minority groups, anxiety symptoms in the non-binary groups, and all mental health outcomes in non-binary AFAB."
(en) Laurye, Sharon, Study: Autistic Kids Are More Likely To Be Gender Non-Conforming. Philly Voice (6 maart 2016). Gearchiveerd op 18 april 2021. Geraadpleegd op 19 mei 2023. "John Strang, the author of the 2014 study, told PrideSource that perhaps the children in his study were more likely to express gender non-conformity because they "were less worried about what people thought" and "weren't really noticing the social expectations or the social biases" against transgender people."
pinknews.co.uk
(en) 'Embracing queerness delayed my coming to terms with autism. We need more visibility,' says acclaimed author Naoise Dolan. PinkNews (4 maart 2021). Gearchiveerd op 5 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 11 september 2021. "I never want to feel like I have to enjoy a queer book, or that I have to see myself in it, or that I have to read one particular book to feel engaged in the community. There should be enough variety for our media to mimic the endless variation of queer life. That’s another thing, why are queer people in straight fiction the only queer person in their friend circle? Baffling."
(en) Rohr, Bob, Transgender Youth More Likely to Have Autism. PrideSource (4 februari 2016). Gearchiveerd op 8 april 2019. Geraadpleegd op 11 september 2021. "Often the kids with autism “weren’t really noticing the social expectations or the social biases as much as someone without autism,” says Strang. “They were less anxious about the trans piece, they were less worried about what people thought,” and more accepting of their own sense of identity."
Rieneke Speulman, Autisme ABC (7 april 2022). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "Onder de non-binaire vlag vallen heel veel verschillende genderidentiteiten. Waaronder autigender. Dit label gebruiken autistische mensen die hun gevoel over gender niet los kunnen zien van hun autisme. Gender is immers een sociaal construct en de meeste autisten hebben hier moeite mee/herkennen zich er niet in."
Speulman, Rieneke, Recensie | Lark & Kasim beginnen een revolutie. RienekeSpeulman.nl (12 december 2022). Geraadpleegd op 22 mei 2023. "Het ligt er niet te dik op, het houdt niet vast aan stereotypen, het is puur en echt."
sagepub.com
journals.sagepub.com
(en) Cooper
, Kate, Mandy, William; Russell, Ailsa; Butler, Catherine (14 april 2022). Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria. Autism 27 (1): 31-42. PMID: 35285287. PMC: 9806459. DOI:10.1177/13623613221080315. "The second overarching theme was mismatch of patient and clinician communication styles and goals, with three subthemes: (a) different communication of gender needs; (b) changing clinical sessions to overcome barriers; (c) tension between clinician and patient aims and thinking styles. We conclude that autism adaptations should be made in gender settings, by increasing clinician understanding of how autism and gender dysphoria can intersect, as well as by making adjustments to clinic processes."
(en) Egner, Justine E. (februari 2019). "The Disability Rights Community Was Never Mine": Neuroqueer Disidentification. GENDER & SOCIETY Vol 33, 2019, No. 1: 123-147. DOI:10.1177/0891243218803284. "Neuroqueer is a collaboration of activists, academics, and bloggers engaging
in online community building. Neuroqueer requires those who engage in it to disidentify from both oppressive dominant and counterculture identities that perpetuate destructive medical model discourses of cure. It is a queer/crip response to discussions about gender, sexuality, and disability as pathology that works to deconstruct normative identity categories."
sciencedirect.com
(en) Pecora, Laura (1 maart 2021). Sexuality and Gender Issues in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan Part II 44 (1): 111-124. ISSN:0193-953X. PMID: 33526233. DOI:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.009. "Females with ASD also present with greater diversity in their sexuality, and are less likely to identify with their sex assigned at birth, and with a heterosexual sexual orientation than males with autism and typically developing females."
(en) Walsh, Dominic, In Review: The Fallen by Ada Hoffmann. SciFi Pulse (14 juli 2021). Gearchiveerd op 14 juli 2021. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Additionally, there is some exceptional neurodiverse representation."
screen-queens.com
(en) ‘The Owl House’, Luz Noceda, and Neurodivergent Coding. Screen Queens (4 oktober 2020). Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "However, in this sort of sad state, The Owl House is a shining example of not just neurodivergent coding, but a narrative that so thoroughly supports such a reading, that any audience member “aware” enough to pick up on it wouldn’t be surprised if Luz flat-out said she had ADHD in the same breath she said she was bi."
(en) Sarris, Marina, "Autistic People More Likely to Identify as LGBTQ", Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK), Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI), 22 juni 2022. Geraadpleegd op 19 mei 2023. "Studies vary widely on the percentage of people with autism who are gay, lesbian, or bisexual. One analysis suggested the rate is 15 to 35 percent among autistic people who do not have intellectual disability."
spectrumnews.org
(en) Rudacille, Deborah, Living between Genders. Spectrum News (13 april 2016). Gearchiveerd op 8 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 19 mei 2023.
(en) Bush, Hillary H., Williams, Lindsey W., Mendes, Eva (2021-02). Brief Report: Asexuality and Young Women on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51 (2): 725–733. ISSN:0162-3257. DOI:10.1007/s10803-020-04565-6. "In the present sample, asexual participants reported less sexual desire and fewer sexual behaviors than those with other sexual orientations, but greater sexual satisfaction. Being on the asexual spectrum also was associated with lower generalized anxiety symptoms."
(en) Sala, Giorgia, Pecora, Laura; Hooley, Merrilyn; Stokes, Mark (1 juni 2020). As Diverse as the Spectrum Itself: Trends in Sexuality, Gender and Autism. Current Developmental Disorders 7 (2). ISSN:2196-2987. DOI:10.1007/s40474-020-00190-1. "After many years of misinformation, it is now recognised that most autistic people are interested in romance and sexuality. There is growing awareness of reduced heterosexuality and increased diversity and dysphoria in gender identity in autistic people, and initial clinical guidelines for the potential co-occurrence of autism and gender dysphoria are emerging."
(en) Cooper, Kate, Smith, Laura G.E.; Russell, Ailsa J. (18 april 2018). Gender Identity in Autism: Sex Differences in Social Affiliation with Gender Groups. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 48 (12): 3995–4006. PMID: 29705922. PMC: 6223803. DOI:10.1007/s10803-018-3590-1. "High rates of gender variance have been reported in autistic people, with higher variance in autistic females than males. The social component of gender identity may be affected, with autistic females experiencing lower identification with and feeling less positively about their gender groups than controls."
(en) Jones, R.M., Weelwright, S.; Farrell, K.; Martin, E.; Green, R.; Di Ceglie, D.; Baron-Cohen, S. (30 maart 2011). Brief report: female-to-male transsexual people and autistic traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42 (2): 301–6. PMID: 21448752. DOI:10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8. "Transmen have more autistic traits and may have had difficulty socializing with female peers and thus found it easier to identify with male peer groups."
(en) Williams, Patricia Gall, Allard, Anna Mary; Sears, Lonnie (1996-12). Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 26 (6): 635–642. ISSN:0162-3257. PMID: 8986849. DOI:10.1007/BF02172352. "Persons with autism frequently exhibit circumscribed interests and unusual preoccupations. In this case study, two young males with autism are presented who have preoccupations with feminine gender-stereotyped activities and objects. These types of preoccupations in children with autism have not been reported in the literature, but may be more prevalent than realized due to parental underreporting given the negative stigma associated with feminine interests in young boys."
(en) Gallucci, Gerard, Hackerman, Florence; Schmidt, Chester W. (2005-03). Gender Identity Disorder in an Adult Male with Asperger's Syndrome. Sexuality and Disability 23 (1): 35–40. ISSN:0146-1044. DOI:10.1007/s11195-004-2078-4. "The interaction of both conditions and possible relationship with obsessive traits or obsessive compulsive disorder may provide a better understanding of a possible linkage between the two disorders and support more rationale treatment approaches."
(en) (20 mei 2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . DOI:10.1007/S10803-022-05517-Y. "This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation."
(en) Kung, Karston T.F. (2023). Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . PMID: 36652125. DOI:10.1007/s10803-022-05875-7. "Autistic traits positively correlated with internalised transphobia in the non-binary groups. In general, higher autistic traits and gender minority stress correlated with poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for gender minority stress, autistic traits accounted for additional variance of suicidality across gender minority groups, anxiety symptoms in the non-binary groups, and all mental health outcomes in non-binary AFAB."
(en) VanderLaan, Doug, Postema, Lori; Wood, Hayley; Singh, Devita; Fantus, Sophia; Hyun, Jessica; Leef, Jonathan; Bradley, Susan J.; Zucker, Kenneth J. (12 februari 2015). Do Children With Gender Dysphoria Have Intense/Obsessional Interests?. The Journal of Sex Research 52 (2): 213–219. ISSN:0022-4499. PMID: 24558954. DOI:10.1080/00224499.2013.860073. "The findings for Item 9 support the idea that children with GD show an elevation in obsessional interests. For gender-referred boys in particular, gender-related themes constituted more than half of the examples provided by their mothers. Intense/obsessional interests in children with GD may be one of the factors underlying the purported link between GD and ASD."
(en) Coleman, E., et al. (19 augustus 2022). Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health 23 (Suppl 1): S36,S37,S49,S70. ISSN:2689-5269. PMID: 36238954. PMC: 9553112. DOI:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644. "There is no evidence
to suggest a benefit of withholding GAMSTs from TGD people who have gender incongruence simply on the basis that they have a mental health or neurodevelopmental condition. [...] 7.3- We recommend health care professionals working with gender diverse children receive training and develop expertise in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodiversity or collaborate with an expert with relevant expertise when working with autistic/neurodivergent, gender diverse children."
(en) Revealing The Fallen, Sequel to Ada Hoffman's The Outside. Tor (9 september 2020). Gearchiveerd op 24 november 2020. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Now Tiv spends her days helping the last remaining survivors of Jai. Everyone is fighting for their freedom against unthinkable odds, and they call out for drastic action from their saviour, Yasira."
(en) Lord, Catherine, Charman, Tony; Havahl, Alexandra; Carbone, Paul; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Boyd, Brian; Carr, Themba; De Vries, Petrus J.; Dissanayake, Cheryl; Divan, Gauri; Freitag, Christine (2022-01). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet 399 (10321): 299. ISSN:0140-6736. PMID: 34883054. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5. "Gender non-conformity, or gender variance, including transgender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation, is more common in autistic individuals (and those with other neurodevelopmental conditions) than in the general population. This difference might be part of a different concept of self, less reliance on or reference to social norms, or part of a neurodiverse lived experience of (and outlook on) the world."
voos.nl
Aïsha Kanters; Kato Kagenaar, Nikki van Laar, Gijs Molenaar, Saïda Ragas, Loïs Voss, VOOS Leertuin - Termenlijst. VOOS. Hogeschool voor de Kunsten Utrecht (2021). Geraadpleegd op 15 maart 2023. "Autigender - Het is een term die door sommige mensen met autisme is bedacht en wordt gebruikt om te erkennen dat autisme invloed heeft op hun gender(ervaring). Autigender is geen officiële genderidentiteit. Het is ook geen term om alleen autisme aan te duiden maar wordt gebruikt om aan te geven dat beide niet los van elkaar zijn te zien."
web.archive.org
(en) Rudacille, Deborah, Living between Genders. Spectrum News (13 april 2016). Gearchiveerd op 8 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 19 mei 2023.
(en) Laurye, Sharon, Study: Autistic Kids Are More Likely To Be Gender Non-Conforming. Philly Voice (6 maart 2016). Gearchiveerd op 18 april 2021. Geraadpleegd op 19 mei 2023. "John Strang, the author of the 2014 study, told PrideSource that perhaps the children in his study were more likely to express gender non-conformity because they "were less worried about what people thought" and "weren't really noticing the social expectations or the social biases" against transgender people."
(en) Rohr, Bob, Transgender Youth More Likely to Have Autism. PrideSource (4 februari 2016). Gearchiveerd op 8 april 2019. Geraadpleegd op 11 september 2021. "Often the kids with autism “weren’t really noticing the social expectations or the social biases as much as someone without autism,” says Strang. “They were less anxious about the trans piece, they were less worried about what people thought,” and more accepting of their own sense of identity."
(en) 'Embracing queerness delayed my coming to terms with autism. We need more visibility,' says acclaimed author Naoise Dolan. PinkNews (4 maart 2021). Gearchiveerd op 5 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 11 september 2021. "I never want to feel like I have to enjoy a queer book, or that I have to see myself in it, or that I have to read one particular book to feel engaged in the community. There should be enough variety for our media to mimic the endless variation of queer life. That’s another thing, why are queer people in straight fiction the only queer person in their friend circle? Baffling."
(en) Revealing The Fallen, Sequel to Ada Hoffman's The Outside. Tor (9 september 2020). Gearchiveerd op 24 november 2020. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Now Tiv spends her days helping the last remaining survivors of Jai. Everyone is fighting for their freedom against unthinkable odds, and they call out for drastic action from their saviour, Yasira."
(en) Walsh, Dominic, In Review: The Fallen by Ada Hoffmann. SciFi Pulse (14 juli 2021). Gearchiveerd op 14 juli 2021. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Additionally, there is some exceptional neurodiverse representation."
(en) White, Abbey, 'Dead End: Paranormal Park' Creator Hamish Steele on Crafting the Animated YA LGBTQ-Inclusive Horror Series. The Hollywood Reporter (21 mei 2023). Gearchiveerd op 17 juni 2022. Geraadpleegd op 19 juni 2022. "Long story short, I was diagnosed with autism during the show's production, basically, thanks to Norma, because I was just writing my experiences...I think for a possible season two, the focus would shift a degree towards Norma and balance that out."
(en) Quirky, Spooky and Hilarious World Of 'DeadEndia' Comes To Netflix In A New Animated Series. Netflix Media Center (2 juli 2020). Gearchiveerd op 13 augustus 2020. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Hamish Steele: “DeadEndia is about terrifying demons, vengeful ghosts and mysterious magic. It is also about coming of age in a world that wasn’t made for you. It’s a drama about found family, identity and making mistakes. And of course it’s a laugh out loud comedy! I’ve always dreamed of making the show I needed as a lonely, horror-obsessed closeted gay kid and thanks to Netflix and our ridiculously talented, diverse and representative writers room and crew, we have shot way past my dreams and into wildest fantasy territory!”"
(en) Gilchrest, Tracy E., Everything's Gonna Be Okay Shows 'Dual Spectrum' of Autism and LGBTQ Identities. The Advocate (LGBT magazine) (21 maart 2020). Gearchiveerd op 12 maart 2021. Geraadpleegd op 21 mei 2023. "Introducing a queer storyline for leading character Matilda puts Everything at the forefront in providing visibility for teens on the autism spectrum who also identify as LGBTQ, or "dual spectrum."
(en) Lord, Catherine, Charman, Tony; Havahl, Alexandra; Carbone, Paul; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Boyd, Brian; Carr, Themba; De Vries, Petrus J.; Dissanayake, Cheryl; Divan, Gauri; Freitag, Christine (2022-01). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet 399 (10321): 299. ISSN:0140-6736. PMID: 34883054. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5. "Gender non-conformity, or gender variance, including transgender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation, is more common in autistic individuals (and those with other neurodevelopmental conditions) than in the general population. This difference might be part of a different concept of self, less reliance on or reference to social norms, or part of a neurodiverse lived experience of (and outlook on) the world."
(en) Graham Holmes, Laura, Ames, Jennifer L.; Massolo, Maria L.; Nunez, Denise M.; Croen, Lisa A. (1 april 2022). Improving the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Health Care of Autistic People. Pediatrics (149): e2020049437J. ISSN:0031-4005. PMID: 35363286. DOI:10.1542/peds.2020-049437J. "A substantial proportion of autistic adolescents and adults are LGBTQIA+. Autistic people are more likely to be transgender or gender nonconforming compared with non-autistic people, and findings from a recent autism registry study suggest that among autistic people able to self-report on a survey, up to 18% of men and 43% of women may be sexual minorities."
(en) Bush, Hillary H., Williams, Lindsey W., Mendes, Eva (2021-02). Brief Report: Asexuality and Young Women on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51 (2): 725–733. ISSN:0162-3257. DOI:10.1007/s10803-020-04565-6. "In the present sample, asexual participants reported less sexual desire and fewer sexual behaviors than those with other sexual orientations, but greater sexual satisfaction. Being on the asexual spectrum also was associated with lower generalized anxiety symptoms."
(en) Pecora, Laura (1 maart 2021). Sexuality and Gender Issues in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan Part II 44 (1): 111-124. ISSN:0193-953X. PMID: 33526233. DOI:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.009. "Females with ASD also present with greater diversity in their sexuality, and are less likely to identify with their sex assigned at birth, and with a heterosexual sexual orientation than males with autism and typically developing females."
(en) Weir, Elizabeth, Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2021). The sexual health, orientation, and activity of autistic adolescents and adults. Autism Research 14 (11): 2342-2354. ISSN:1939-3806. DOI:10.1002/aur.2604.
(en) Sala, Giorgia, Pecora, Laura; Hooley, Merrilyn; Stokes, Mark (1 juni 2020). As Diverse as the Spectrum Itself: Trends in Sexuality, Gender and Autism. Current Developmental Disorders 7 (2). ISSN:2196-2987. DOI:10.1007/s40474-020-00190-1. "After many years of misinformation, it is now recognised that most autistic people are interested in romance and sexuality. There is growing awareness of reduced heterosexuality and increased diversity and dysphoria in gender identity in autistic people, and initial clinical guidelines for the potential co-occurrence of autism and gender dysphoria are emerging."
(en) Van Der Miesen, Anna I.R., Hurley, Hannah; De Vries, Annelou L.C. (2 januari 2016). Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. International Review of Psychiatry 28 (1): 70-80. ISSN:0954-0261. PMID: 26753812. DOI:10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199. "Various underlying hypotheses for the link between GD and ASD were suggested, but almost all of them lack evidence."
(en) Williams, Patricia Gall, Allard, Anna Mary; Sears, Lonnie (1996-12). Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 26 (6): 635–642. ISSN:0162-3257. PMID: 8986849. DOI:10.1007/BF02172352. "Persons with autism frequently exhibit circumscribed interests and unusual preoccupations. In this case study, two young males with autism are presented who have preoccupations with feminine gender-stereotyped activities and objects. These types of preoccupations in children with autism have not been reported in the literature, but may be more prevalent than realized due to parental underreporting given the negative stigma associated with feminine interests in young boys."
(en) Tateno, Masaru, Tateno, Yukie; Saito, Toshikazu (2008-04). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 62 (2): 238. ISSN:1323-1316. PMID: 18412849. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x. "IN AUTISTIC PSYCHOPATHY, Hans Asperger described that ‘the autistic personality is an extreme variant of male intelligence’.1 Consistent with this notion, Baron-Cohen proposed the ‘extreme male brain theory of autism’.2 By quoting this theory, gender dysphoria in female subjects with Asperger syndrome (AS) could be explained logically. But a literature search yielded no boys with AS and gender identity disorder (GID). Hereby we present such a case."
(en) Gallucci, Gerard, Hackerman, Florence; Schmidt, Chester W. (2005-03). Gender Identity Disorder in an Adult Male with Asperger's Syndrome. Sexuality and Disability 23 (1): 35–40. ISSN:0146-1044. DOI:10.1007/s11195-004-2078-4. "The interaction of both conditions and possible relationship with obsessive traits or obsessive compulsive disorder may provide a better understanding of a possible linkage between the two disorders and support more rationale treatment approaches."
(en) VanderLaan, Doug, Postema, Lori; Wood, Hayley; Singh, Devita; Fantus, Sophia; Hyun, Jessica; Leef, Jonathan; Bradley, Susan J.; Zucker, Kenneth J. (12 februari 2015). Do Children With Gender Dysphoria Have Intense/Obsessional Interests?. The Journal of Sex Research 52 (2): 213–219. ISSN:0022-4499. PMID: 24558954. DOI:10.1080/00224499.2013.860073. "The findings for Item 9 support the idea that children with GD show an elevation in obsessional interests. For gender-referred boys in particular, gender-related themes constituted more than half of the examples provided by their mothers. Intense/obsessional interests in children with GD may be one of the factors underlying the purported link between GD and ASD."
(en) Coleman, E., et al. (19 augustus 2022). Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health 23 (Suppl 1): S36,S37,S49,S70. ISSN:2689-5269. PMID: 36238954. PMC: 9553112. DOI:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644. "There is no evidence
to suggest a benefit of withholding GAMSTs from TGD people who have gender incongruence simply on the basis that they have a mental health or neurodevelopmental condition. [...] 7.3- We recommend health care professionals working with gender diverse children receive training and develop expertise in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodiversity or collaborate with an expert with relevant expertise when working with autistic/neurodivergent, gender diverse children."
