"Most often Miss Sullivan or Miss Thomson was obliged to translate the sounds, for it took a trained ear to distinguish them accurately", in: http://www.afb.org/info/helen-keller-87-dies-as-published-in-the-new-york-times-june-2-1968/5 Uitgebreide biografie bij overlijden, NY Times, op afb.org. En tevens: "In 1890, when she was just 10, she expressed a desire to learn to speak; Anne took Helen to see Sarah Fuller at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Boston. Fuller gave Helen 11 lessons, after which Anne taught Helen. (...) Throughout her life, however, Helen remained dissatisfied with her spoken voice, which was hard to understand", in: Helen Keller Biography, op afb.org.
Helen Keller Biography op biography.com: "she developed a limited method of communication with her companion, Martha Washington, the young daughter of the family cook. The two had created a type of sign language, and by the time Keller was 7, they had invented more than 60 signs to communicate with each other". Gearchiveerd op 15 april 2019.
gutenberg.org
The Story of My Life, Chapter IV: "The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old". In: Helen Keller, The Story of My Life (1903), op gutenberg.org.
The Story of My Life, Chapter IV: "Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. (...) I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name". In: Helen Keller, The Story of My Life (1903), op gutenberg.org.
The Story of My Life, Chapter IV: "As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten - a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that "w-a-t-e-r" meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away. I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought". In: Helen Keller, The Story of My Life (1903), op gutenberg.org.
Letters of her Teacher, in: Hellen Keller, The story of my life, deel III (Supplements), Chapter III Education (op gutenberg.org). In Anne Sullivans brief van oktober 1887: "At the end of August she knew 625 words".
"Most often Miss Sullivan or Miss Thomson was obliged to translate the sounds, for it took a trained ear to distinguish them accurately", in: http://www.afb.org/info/helen-keller-87-dies-as-published-in-the-new-york-times-june-2-1968/5 Uitgebreide biografie bij overlijden, NY Times, op afb.org. En tevens: "In 1890, when she was just 10, she expressed a desire to learn to speak; Anne took Helen to see Sarah Fuller at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Boston. Fuller gave Helen 11 lessons, after which Anne taught Helen. (...) Throughout her life, however, Helen remained dissatisfied with her spoken voice, which was hard to understand", in: Helen Keller Biography, op afb.org.
Op het YouTube-kanaal "Helen Keller Tribute Channel" zijn twee filmpjes te vinden waarop Keller hardop spreekt: 'How Helen Keller learned to speak' (met Anne Sullivan) en 'Helen Keller Speaks Out' (met Polly Thomson). In het tweede filmpje zegt Keller (herhaald door Thomson): "It is not blindness or deafness that bring me my darkest hours. It is the acute disappointment in not being able to speak normally. Longingly I feel how much more good I may have done, if I had only acquired normal speech. But out of this sorrowful experience I understand more clearly all human striving, thwarted ambitions, and infinite capacity of hope". Gearchiveerd op 4 juni 2023.
Where did Helen attend school?, op perkins.org: "In 1904, she graduated cum laude from Radcliffe and became the first deafblind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree".
Helen Keller Biography op biography.com: "she developed a limited method of communication with her companion, Martha Washington, the young daughter of the family cook. The two had created a type of sign language, and by the time Keller was 7, they had invented more than 60 signs to communicate with each other". Gearchiveerd op 15 april 2019.
youtube.com
Op het YouTube-kanaal "Helen Keller Tribute Channel" zijn twee filmpjes te vinden waarop Keller hardop spreekt: 'How Helen Keller learned to speak' (met Anne Sullivan) en 'Helen Keller Speaks Out' (met Polly Thomson). In het tweede filmpje zegt Keller (herhaald door Thomson): "It is not blindness or deafness that bring me my darkest hours. It is the acute disappointment in not being able to speak normally. Longingly I feel how much more good I may have done, if I had only acquired normal speech. But out of this sorrowful experience I understand more clearly all human striving, thwarted ambitions, and infinite capacity of hope". Gearchiveerd op 4 juni 2023.
